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Index
John Onians
Description: Classical Art and the Cultures of Greece and Rome
Classical Art and the Cultures of Greece and Rome
Index
Author
John Onians
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 1999 by John Onians
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00031.012
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15999
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Index
Abdalonymus, tomb of 112, 113, figs 91–2
Achaeans, see Greeks
Achilles 20, 33, 40
Aelian, fragment 108 261
Aelius Aristides, Orationes (26, 6) 217, 275
Aeolians 1
Aeschines, In Ctesiphon (184) 38
Aeschylus 62
Africa (Libya) 252
Ages: Gold, Silver, Bronze, Heroic and Iron 2; see also Races
Agrippa 192
Akhnaton 60
Alcaeus 30, 51, 63
Alcmaeon 78
Alcyoneus 134, fig. 108
Alexander the Great 101, 105–17
battle with Darius 23, 124, 154, figs 96, 121
battle with Persians 112, fig. 91
on horseback fig. 86
Alexandria: museum 104
nekropolis 112, figs 89, 90
pharos 148, 149, fig. 118
plan 111, fig. 88
Alkamenes, see Sculptors
Alphabet: Egyptian 112
Greek 6
Latin 179
Semitic 6
Amazons, statues at Ephesus 66, fig. 49
Ambrose, St 285
Amphion 34
Anacreon 52
Anaximander 94, 95
Anaximenes 95
Andokides Painter, see Vases: painters
Achilles Tatius 273
Andronikos of Kirrha, Horologium of 151, fig. 120
Anicius, Lucius 121–3
Animals: animals and Christian martyrdom 211
and warfare 24, figs 17, 19
ants 13
crabs 13
doves 129, fig. 104
fight between dog and cat 72, fig. 52
giants, animal attributes of 136, 137, fig. 109
haruspex, reader of entrails 173
liver 173, fig. 135
scorpions 13
slaughter in amphitheatre 235, fig. 156
snakes 12
Anthony, St 285
Antigonids, see Hellenistic dynasties
Antioch 104
Apelles, see Painters
Aphrodisias, Kaisereion (Sebasteion) 190, fig. 135
Aphrodite 51–6, 116, figs 40, 93, 117
Apollo and Marsyas group 137, 138, figs 110, 111
Apollodorus, see Sculptors
Apollonius, son of Nestor, see Sculptors
Appian, Mithridatic War (XVII, 116 and 7) 170
Civil Wars (II, 101) 170
Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Golden Ass) 232
Archilochus 16, 51
Archimedes 153
Architects, Apollodorus of Damascus 244
Iktinos 41
Rabirius 256; see also Vitruvius
Architecture
elements: aedicule 238, 241, figs 196, 201
capital 187, 193, 235
caryatid 45, 224, fig. 38
columns 30, 186, fig. 149
niche 238–44, figs 195, 198
pedestals 186
pediment 112, 182–5, 236–8, figs 89, 90, 196, 201
steps 185
vaults 244, figs 202, 204
mouldings: bead and reel 29
egg and dart 29, 30
dentils 28
echinus 28
orders: Composite 193, 235, fig. 157
Doric 41–6, 89–91, figs 72, 73
Ionic 28–30, 45, figs 38, 74, 76
series 193, 235, figs 153, 156
types: amphitheatre 193, 194, 235, fig. 156
basilica 212, figs 177, 178, according to Vitruvius 223, figs 185, 186
baths 197, 217, 218, figs 160, 161, 181
fountain (nymphaeum) 124, 190, 192, 236, 248, figs 97, 154, 157, 207
horologium 151, figs 120, 176, fig. 140
house 165, 178, fig. 141
pharos 148, 149, fig. 118
temple, Doric and Ionic 41–6, 89–91, figs 72–5
theatre 189, 190, fig. 152, 198
tombs 165, 244, figs 129, 203
treasury 91, figs 54, 76
tower 11, 30, 286, fig. 7
Argos 40, 46
Aristophanes 62
Lysistrata 56
Aristotle: Generation of Animals (722B, 788B) 6
Metaphysics (A 5) 6
On the Soul (432A) 6
Organon 7
Parts of Animals (664A) 6
Problems (15, 6, 4) 149
Rhetoric (I, 1) 7
Arms and armour: Greek 14, shield 21, 24, 30, 58, 59, 85
Roman 167, 182
Arrian 111
Artists’ models 126–31
Asia, see East
Astronomy 32–6
Athanasius, St, Vita S. Antonii (3) 285, 286
Athena 17, 43, 51, 53, 133, figs 11, 108
Athens
buildings: Agora, boundary stone of 37 fig. 27
Erechtheum 45, 38, fig. 38
Parthenon 17, 41–7, 85, figs 11, 32–7, 40, 70, 71, 74
Stoa of Attalus 147
Stoa of the Herms 37, 38
Stoa Poikile 15
institutions: Academy and Lyceum 96
closing of the Academy 279
democracy 13
council of four hundred and council of thirty 50
education and the arts under Rome 159–61
intellectual culture 103
political system 38
Solon’s constitution 61
Athletics 51
ball 96, fig. 80
chariot race 63, fig. 46
discus 18, 95, fig. 13a
footrace 61, fig. 43
javelin 18, 13b
professional boxing 126, fig. 100
professional horseracing 126, fig. 99
Attic, see Styles
Attica 1
Atticus 155–60
Auctor ad Herennium 178
(III, 21, 34) 185, 195
(III, 16, 29) 188, 197
Augury 173, 174
Augustine, St, Confessions (VI, 3) 285
(X, 8) 283
(IX, 10) 282, 285
Augustus, see Emperors
Bakchios, potter 64
Barberini Faun 129, 140, fig. 113
Basilica, see Architecture: types
Baths, see Architecture: types
Battles: Actium 176
Chaeronea 101, 103
Eïon 38
Granicus 110
Mantineia 33, 46
Marathon 16, 17, 43
Milvian Bridge 214
Pydna 162
Salamis 17
Benedict of Nursia, St 285, 286
Rule 286
Beuys, Joseph 122, fig. 95
Bible: Genesis 94
Proverbs (9: 1) 283
Zechariah (2: 130) 285
St John (3: 36) 211
St Matthew (6: 5, 6: 6) 285, (16: 24) 213
Acts 210
Ephesians (2: 20) 287
I Corinthians (22) 215
I John (2: 1) 212
Revelation (7: 3, 9: 4) 213
Body
Greek 1, 2
in Aristotle 6
in Plato 49
Christian 283–7
parts: bones 1, 2
brain 78
eye 78, 82
head 49, 78
limbs 6
teeth 6
Books, scrolls 8
scrolls and codex 289, fig. 227
Boy strangling a goose 127, fig. 106
Bread and games (panem et circenses) 163
Brick, see Materials
Briseis, see Women
Bronze, see Ages; Classes; Races
Bryaxis, see Sculptors
Cadmus 12, 34
Caesar, Julius 163, 170, 189
Caligula, see Emperors
Callinus of Ephesus 30
Callistratus 261, 267
(14) 264
(8) 265
(3) 265
Calpurnius Siculus, Eclogues (7, 23ff.) 256
Camp: Greek 21, 166
Roman 163–8, fig. 128
Cardo and decumanus 173
Carthage 170
Caryatids, see Architecture: elements
Cato 206
Catullus, Marriage of Peleus and Thetis 226
Phaselus 226
Celsus 31
Centaurs 132, fig. 70
Elderly Centaur tortured by Eros 140, fig. 112
Centuriation 174, fig. 138
Character 105–61
Chrismon 214
Christianity 210–16, 275–7, 279–85
hermits 285
legal basis of its success 211, 212
Chryseis, see Women
Cicero, and patronage of the arts 155–7
Ad Atticum (I, 10, 30) 155
(I, 1, 5) 155
(I, 4, 3) 155
(I, 6, 2) 155
(I, 8, 2) 155
(I, 10, 30) 155
Ad Familiares (VII, 23, 2) 156
Ad Quintum Fratrem (III, 15) 156
Brutus (7–13, 18, 22, 24) 160
De Inventione (23) 207, (I, 20, 47) 210
De Oratore (II, 86, 354) 178, (II, 87, 388) 187, (III, 46) 182
Philippics (II, 43) 183, (V, 14) 240
Pro Sestio (II, 26) 206
Sulla (3, 81) 161
In Verrem (II, 4, 59) and (II, 4, 43) 155
Cities: City of God and City of Man 281
City of Theseus and City of Hadrian 241; see also Alexandria; Athens; Constantinople; Croton; Miletus; Ostia; Pergamum; Pompeii; Priene; Rome; Sybaris; Thebes
Classes: Gold, Silver, Bronze, Iron 2
Greek 2, 14
Roman 163, 165
Roman slaves and freedmen 238, 239
Classicism and the Classical 67–73, 101, 279–88
Claudius, see Emperors
Cleanthes, Hymn to Zeus 136
Clement of Alexandria, Paedagogus (III, 11, 59: 2) 213
Clouds, images in 267
Coins: of Augustus fig. 144
of Constantine 201
of Domitian fig. 148
of Julia Domna fig. 164
later imperial 199–205
of Marcus Scaurus and Publius Hypsaeus 179, fig. 142
of Nerva fig. 165
mint 181
types 200–2
Colossus, Roman empire compared to 252
Column, see Architecture, elements
Competition 57–104
prizes for 60, at Athens for tragedy and comedy 63, at Lesbos for beauty 63, at Tarentum for carding 63, for architecture 64, for athletics 74, for drawing 66, for painting 64–7, for sculpture 64–7
between animals 72, fig. 52
Constantinople (Byzantium, New Rome, Istanbul) 276
Haghia Sophia 272, 273, 287, figs 220, 221, 226
Contest of Homer and Hesiod 58
Corn, see Materials
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (I, 1628) 179
Cosmology 31
cosmos as artefact 94
kosmos 33
Craftsmen 58–60 and passim
Crates of Mallos 136, 137, 145
Creation story 1, 2, 94, 98, 284
Critias 50
Cross 213–16
Croton 35, 36, 49
Culture xii, xiii and passim
Cyprus 3
Cyrene, temple of Apollo 89
Cyzicus, Attalid shrine 140
Darius 124
Day-dream, see Dream
Deigma and Paradeigma 99–103
Delian League 17, 46
Delos: shrine of Apollo 91
statue dedicated to Artemis 82, fig. 62
Delphi: statue of Agias 82, fig. 61
statues of Kleobis and Biton 75, fig. 55
Stoa of Athenians 91
treasuries 74, of Athenians fig. 76, of Siphnians 85, fig. 67
Demetrius and Philonicus, tomb of 180, fig. 143
Demetrius of Phalerum 37, 92
Demetrius Poliorcetes 115, 116, 121
Demosthenes 127, fig. 101
Deucalion and Pyrrha 1
Dianoia 103, 107
Dinocrates, architect 110–12
Dio, Cassius 192
Diodorus, Library 234
Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers (IV, 18) 117
(VIII, 46) 36
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (III, 61) 240
Dorians, see Races
Doric, see Architecture: orders
Douris 116
Dream 275, 276
day-dreams 260
visions and temptations 275–7, 285
Dress
clothes: Greek pallium and Roman toga 238–44
variations of Roman toga as insignia 169, 182
masks 161, 170, fig. 132
rings: as insignia 182
wreaths: Hellenistic fig. 84
Roman as insignia 182
Dreros, laws inscribed at 60
Drama, Greek 62
East, Near and Far 3
Asia 9, 14
East and West 91
Ecology, Greek 1–4, 103
Education: Greek 109, Roman 160
Egypt 14
Alexander in 105
competition in 72
Egyptian styles of architecture 112
statues 75
statues and architecture in 60
Elba 3
Empedocles 4
Emperors: Augustus 163, 176, 181, 219–27, Res Gestae (34) 210, figs 144, 145
Caligula 229
Claudius 190, 229, 230
Constantine 202–5, 214–16, 275–7, 279, fig. 169
Hadrian 193, 209, 241, 244, fig. 216
Marcus Aurelius 209, fig. 131
Nero 229, 230
Philip the Arab fig. 217
Tiberius 176
Titus 198, 199
Theodosius I 279
Theodosius II 279
Trajan 241
Vespasian 198, 234, 235
Epigonos, see Sculptors
Eratosthenes 150, fig. 119
Erbbina, ruler of Lycia 30
Eris, see Strife
Eros 78, fig. 60
Etruscan, houses and tombs 165, fig. 129
Euclid, Catoptrics, Elements, Elements of Music 146, Optics 147
Euphronios, see Vases: painters
Euripides 62
Iphigeneia in Tauris (57) 30, 43, (47–57) 44
Europe, and Asia 10
Euthymides, see Vases: painters
Exekias, see Vases: painters
Family trees 169
Flags, use in Roman camps 166
Flavius Philostratus, see Philostratus, Flavius
Florus, L. Annaeus, Eptiome (4, 2) 183, (I, 1, 3) 254
Formations, military: Greek 9–15, fig. 6
Macedonia 167
Roman 167, fig. 130
Spartan pentekostys 43
Fountains, see Architecture: types
Funerals, Roman 168, 169, fig. 132
Games, Greek
board 32, 82, figs 65, 66
Great 15, 61
and history of Greek architecture 89: Nemean 61
Olympic 60, 61, 89, 279
Panathenaic 62, 63
Pythian 60, 61, 89
Games, Roman 189, 193, 235
Gardens 156
sculpture in 198, fig. 124
Generals: Greek 9, 38
Hellenistic and Roman 121–5
Roman 163, 281
Geography, Greek 14, 18
Girl sacrificing, from Anzio 107, fig. 102
Gold, see Ages; Classes; Races
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius 70
Gregory the Great, Dialogi de Vita (2, 2) 286
Groma 174
Gymnasium 4, 51, 109, 140, 145, 155
Hadrian, see Emperors
Halicarnassus, Mausoleum 66, 85
‘Happening’ 121, 122
Harmodius and Aristogeiton 78
Harmony 33–5
Haterii family 199, figs 151, 163
Hecataeus 93
Hector 9, 12, 20
Hellenistic dynasties
Antigonids 105
Cassander 123
Attalids 105
Attalus II 140
Eumenes II 136, 140
Ptolemies 105
Ptolemy I 145, 146, 148
Seleucids 105
Heraclitus 31, 93
Herculaneum, Villa of the Papiri 157, 159, fig. 125
Hercules, labours 53, figs 68, 69
choice of 54
Epitrapezius 110, fig. 87
statue in Agrigento 155
statue in Domitian’s Palace 248, fig. 206
Hermathena and Hermheracles 155, 157
Hermas, Shepherd of (3, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6) 286
Herms 37, 38, fig. 125
Herondas, Mime (4, 27–34), (4, 58–62) 130
Herodotus 16
Histories (VI, 112–14) 43
Hesiod, Theogony (31) 93, (933–7) 33
Works and Days (II–26) 8, (25) 57, (109–201) 2, (217–18) 61, (224–7) 61, (654–9) 58
Hipparchus and Hippias, sons of Piesistratus 78
Hippocratic texts 4
Hippolytus, Ref. (IX, 9, 4) 31
Historia Augusta, (Hadrian 22) 241
Homer 1–33, 93, 109
Iliad (I, 16 and 375) 33, (II, 126) 32, (II, 554) 33, (III, 2–9) 9, (X, 472) 33, (XII, 85–7) 33, (XII, 126–42, 151, 152) 9, (XIII, 130–52) 20, (XIV, 379) 33, (XVI, 210–15) 10, 20, 33, (XVIII, 491–508) 67, (XVIII, 543, 544) 68
scheme fig. 14
Odyssey 3 3
Homeric Epigrams 30, 61
Horace: Ars Poetica (I–13) 220, (21–30) 222
Epistles (I, 19, 14) 200, (I, 11) 240
Satires (I, 8) 226, (II, 7, 86 and 87) 240
Hyginus 144
Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Romans (4, 1) 211
India 105
Alexanders camp III
Indian inscription fig. 83
Inscriptions
Greek 7
on Euthymedes vase 64, fig. 47
Inscriptiones Graecae (II, 2, 119–54) 64
on ostrakon fig. 5
on prize vase 60, fig. 44
Indian fig. 83
Roman 179–81
on Arch of Constantine 202, fig. 167
from Pompeii Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (I, 1628) 179
on tombs 205
Iortius 261, 266
Iron, see Materials; Races
Isis 232
Isocrates 100–3
Against the Sophists (170, 300) 102
Antidosis (295) 101, (332) 103
Panegyricus (10, 45, 85) 101, (118) 102, (42, 50) 103
To Demonicus (II, 12) 102
To Nicocles (7) 102
Jerusalem, Basilica on Golgotha 212, fig. 178
Holy Sepulchre 213, True Cross 216
Jerusalem, Heavenly, see Paradise
Juvenal, Satires (3) 231
Kalokagathia 92
Kos, Shrine of Asklepios 130
‘Kritian’ boy 78, fig. 58
Kypria 63
Lakes: Fucine 229
Sirmio 226
Lampbearer fig. 126
Laocoon and his sons 140–45, fig. 114
Libraries: at Alexandria 145, 146
Greek and Latin, in temple of Apollo on Palatine 235, in Trajan’s Forum 241
at Pergamum 145
of Villa of Papiri 157
in the mind 286
Lines, real and imagined: Greek 145–54
Roman 170
Livy, Histories (XLI, 28) 170
Logos (speech) 107, 122, 217, 257; see also Oratory
Love 20, 51–6; see also Aphrodite; Eros
Lucian 273
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura (IV, 429) 147
Lyons, church described at 272
Lysippos, see Sculptors
Maenad 160, fig. 127
Magic 226, 227, 231
Magnesia on the Maeander, colonnades 148
Mancinus, T. Hostilius 170
Maps 252, 254
of Alexander’s conquests fig. 85
of Alexandria fig. 88
of centuriated countryside fig. 138
of Eratosthenes 150, fig. 119
of Greece with minerals fig. 3
marble, of Rome fig. 141
of Rome fig. 140
Marble 268–73; see also Materials
Marcus Aurelius, see Emperors
Marshals 45
Marsyas fig. 110
Martial, Epigrams (7, 5, 6) (8, 3, 6) 256, (7 and 9) 183
Spectacula (1, 2) 231, (3) 194
Masonry, rough and smooth 229, 230
Materials, raw 1–5, 105, 232–4, 280, 286
Alexander and 105
Greek view of man as 1–4
Pliny on 232–4
Romans and 217, 227
clay: for bricks 227, 236
in Creation stories 2
terracotta 170
grain, for bread 163, 229, 277
grapes, and wine 209, 277
flax 233
minerals 1–4, 233
stone: limestone and marble 1–4
marble 268–73
water 229
wax 100, 170, 178, 264
wood 286
Mathematics 26–50, 146, 147, 154
Medecine 4, 61, 275; see also Body
Melanthius, see Painters
Mesopotamia 1, 8
Metrodorus of Scepsis 189
Mikon, see Painters
Miletus, 94
nymphaeum 190, fig. 155
Mimetic faculty 268
Minerals, see Materials
Mining 1–4, 233
Mirrors 146, 153, 154; see also Euclid, Catoptrics
Mithridates, king of Pontus 189, 238
Models, see Artists’; Science
Monuments/monumenta 181–92
Mosaics: Alexander 123, fig. 96
Barberini 170
Mosaicist, Sosos as 129, figs 103, 104
Mountains: Alban 173
Ossa 256
Pelion 256
Pentelicon 1
Music 32, 33, 115, 121, 122
Myrmidons 6, 9
Nature 1–5, 93–7, 105, 217, 227–33
Nealkes, see Painters
Nepos, Cornelius, In Timotheum (4, 2) 210
Nicaea, Council of 275, 279
Nike (Victory) 54–6
of Paionios 54, fig. 41
from temple of Athena Nike 54, fig. 42
on vases 63, fig. 48
of Samothrace 124, figs 97, 98
Obelisk: of Caligula 227
of Horologium 176
on Tiber Island 227
Olympia: plan fig. 54
statues of victors 74
temples, of Hera 89, fig. 72, of Zeus 85, 89, 216, figs 69, 73
treasuries 74; see also Games, Greek
Orange, theatre 190
Oratory
genres: deliberative, judicial and demonstrative 257, 258
styles: Asiatic 231
Greek and Roman 245–8
Rhodian and Attic 160
Origen, Contra Celsum (VI, 42) 31
Ostia: mole 227
portico 230, fig. 192
house in 282
Ostraka (Ostracism) 7, fig. 5
Ovid, Metamorphoses 224–226
(XIV, 564 and 566) 226
Paestum, temple of Hera (Basilica) and temple of Neptune 89, fig. 22
Painters: Apelles 66, 70, 110, 116–20, 126
Melanthius 117
Mikon 16
Nealkes 117
Panainos 16, 64
Parrhasios 66
Philoxenus of Eretria 123, 124, fig. 96
Polygnotus 16
Protogenes 117–20
Theon of Samos 154, fig. 122
Timanthes 66
Zeuxis 66
Paionios of Mende, see Sculptors
Palamedes 48
Palestrina: Barberini mosaic 170
temple of Fortuna Primigenia 217, 245
Panainos, see Painters
Paradeigma 98–104
Paradise 282
Paris 20
Parrhasios, see Painters
Pasiteles, see Sculptors
Patroclus 13, 20
Patronage 70, 103, 105, 126–31, 136–45
Paul the Silentiary: Descriptio Ambonis (224ff.) 272
Descriptio S. Sophiae (605–16) 272
Peiraeus 103
Deigma in 100
Pella 104
Pergamum 104
altar of Zeus 131–7, figs 108, 115
palace, mosaics in 129, figs 103, 104
sculptures for 137–45
shrine of Asclepius 275
Pericles 41, 45, fig. 12
Perseus 68
Persians 112, 113
Persona 161; see also Character
Perspective 147, 148
Petronius 232, 233
Satyricon (5) 248
Phalanx 9–15, 29, 30, 32, fig. 22; see also Formations
Phantasiai, see Dreams
Pheidias, see Sculptors
Philip of Macedon 101, 103
Philosophies: Ionian 95–7
Stoicism 136, 137; see also Aristotle; Plato; Socrates etc.
Philostratus, the Elder 261
Imagines (28) 262, 264
Philostratus, Flavius: Life of Apollonius of Tyana (2, 22) 267, 268
Lives of the Sophists 273
Philostratus, the Younger 261
(3) 264
(15) 262
Philoxenus of Eretria, see Painters
Pindar, Olympians (9, 45 and 46) 1
Plato 4, 92
Cratylus (388–90) 7
Critias 50
Gorgias (98) 110
Laws (788C, 789E, 800C, 801D) 100
Phaedo (99) 78
Phaedrus 56, (256) 64
Protagoras (311C, 328C, 339A) 41, (312) 100
Republic (400–04, 512D, 522A, 522C, 522D, 552B, 562D, 572A, 534A) 48, (415A) 2, (500E) 98, (508B) 6, (616) 97, (516) 64
Symposium 180, 181, (194A) 64
Theaetetus (202, 203, 206c) 7
Timaeus 97, (19B) 49, (28C) 98
Pliny, the Elder 232–4, 270
Natural History (pref. 24 and 26) 234, (XIX, 1, 3–4 and 6) 233, (XXXIII, 1, 1) 233, (XXXIII, 1) 234, (XXXIII, 1, 2) 234, (XXXIV, 5, 10) 40, (XXXIV, 12, 27) 186, (XXXIV, 19, 65) 82, (XXXIV, 19, 81) 117, (XXXIV, 53) 66, (XXXV, 2, 6 and 7) 169, (XXXV, 7, 22–5) 170, (XXXV, 10, 81–3) 120, (XXXV, 10, 85) 116, (XXXV, 10, 86) 117, (XXXV, 10, 103) 120, (XXXV, 36, 85) 70, (XXXV, 58) 64, (XXXVI, 1) 231, (XXXVI, 4–8) 188, (XXXVII, 17) 66
Pliny, the Younger, Letters (I, 20) 248
Plutarch: quoted in Aelian (Fragment 108) 261
Life of Alexander 108
Life of Demetrius (20, 3) 115
Polis (polemos, politai) 15
Pollis, funerary stele of 39, fig. 29
Polybius, Histories (I, 1) 162
(VI) 163
(VI, 41) 167
(VI, 42) 166
(VI, 53) 168, 169
(VI, 56, 6) 168
(X, 24) 37
(XVIII, 32) 168
(XXX, 14) 121
Polyeuktos, see Sculptors
Polygnotus, see Painters
Polykleitos, see Sculptors
Pompeii: House of the Faun, Alexander mosaic 198, fig. 96
House of Telephus, marble panel 269, fig. 218
House of the Vettii 198, fig. 162
inscription 179
Stabian Baths 197, fig. 160
temple of Vespasian 236, fig. 194
Pompey 189
Portraits: Greek 78, fig. 12
at Roman funerals 169
on Roman sarcophagi 205
on Roman tombs 180, 181
Poseidon 17, 53, 85, fig. 71
Posidonius 136, 185
Praeneste, see Palestrina
Praxiteles, see Sculptors
Priene: agora 148, fig. 117
Prodicus 56
Prometheus 2
Protogenes, see Painters
Prudentius 283
Psychomachia (5) (6) (845) (902) (903) 283
Psychology of perception 268
Ptolemies, see Hellenistic Dynasties
Pythagoras and Pythagoreans 30–36, 49, 96
interest in afterlife 209, 215
number forms fig. 24
Pythagoras of Samos, see Sculptors
Pythokritos of Rhodes, see Sculptors
Quintilian 178
Institutio Oratoria (II, 7, 6) 259, (II, 12, 7) 246, (VI, 2, 24, 27–31, 36) 260, (VII, 4, 1) 259, (VIII, 3, 61–72) 260, (XI, 2) 201, (XI, 2, 19) 195, (XI, 2, 22) 189, (XI, 2, 25) 179, (XII, 2, 36) 245
Races: Achaeans 9
Aeolians 1
Dorians 1, 91
Gold, Silver, Bronze, Heroic and Iron 2
Ionians 1, 91
Trojans 9, 144; see also Ages; Classes
Religions: Judaism 215
Isiac 232
mystery religions 205
Olympic deities 279; see also Christianity; Romans
Rhetoric, see Oratory
Rhodes 150
tomb relief 154, fig. 123
education at 160
Riace, bronze statues from 78, fig. 59
Romans: military system 163–8
political system 164, 165
religion 168
sacrifice 168, 196, figs 131, 158, 159
Rome
History 173, 174, 176
Sack of 279
urbs/orbs 240
Monuments: Aqua Claudia 229, fig. 191
Ara Pacis 196, figs 158, 188
Arch of Claudius 229, of Constantine 201–5, 278, figs 166–8, 222, of Titus 235, fig. 157
Basilica of Junius Bassus 269, fig. 219, of Maxentius (Constantine) 216, 275
Baths of Caracalla 181, 217, fig. 180, of Diocletian 217, of Titus 197, fig. 161, of Trajan 217, 218
Colosseum 193, 194, fig. 156
Castra Praetoria 176
Column of Marcus Aurelius 170, 205, of Trajan 170, 204, figs 133, 149
Forum of Augustus 223, 224, figs 184, 190, of Trajan 212, fig. 177
Golden house of Nero 231
Horologium 176
House of Augustus 176, 181, 223, fig. 144
Lateran basilica 212, Lateran palace 279
Mausoleum of Augustus 176, of Hadrian 244, fig. 203
meta sudans 176
palaces on Palatine 190, 236, 248, 253, figs 148, 195, 206, 207, 209, 210
Pantheon 181, 192, figs 147, 201
Sta Costanza 235
St Peter’s basilica 212, 213, fig. 223
Septizodium 192, fig. 154
temple of Apollo on Palatine 235, of Apollo Sosianus 238, fig. 196, of Cybele 176, of Deified Claudius 176, 230, fig. 193, of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 173, 174, of Mars Ultor 223, figs 184, 187
Theatre of Marcellus 190, 193, of Pompey 189, fig. 152, of Scaurus 189
tomb of Eurysaces 205, fig. 170
Tiber Island 226, fig. 189
Via Lata 173, 176
Sappho (38, 1–3) 36
Lyra Graeca (II, 197) 52
Sarcophagi, see Tombs
Scaurus, Marcus: coins of 179, fig. 142
theatre of 189
Sculptors: Alkamenes 37, 66, fig. 28
Apollonius son of Nestor 126, fig. 100
Apollodorus 117
Bryaxis 66
Epigonos 134
Kallimachos 159, fig. 127
Lysippos 78, 82, 110, figs 60, 61, 86, 87
Paionios of Mende 64, fig. 41
Pasiteles 129
Pheidias 66, 85, fig. 49
Polyeuktos 127, fig. 102
Polykleitos of Argos, Amazons 66, fig. 49, Canon 40, 78, Doryphorus 38–41, 46, figs 30, 31
Praxiteles 116, 126, fig. 93
Pythokritos of Rhodes 124, figs 97, 98
Pythagoras of Samos 34, 36
Skopas 66
Timotheos 66
Xenocrates 116
Science, Greek 95–7
models in 95
Selinus 27, fig. 21
Seneca, Epistulae (90) 185
Septimius Severus, see Emperors
Shield of Heracles (58) (67–73) (188–9) (296–300) (217–28) 68
Shields, see Arms
Shipping 3, 158, 233
shipwreck off Mahdia 159, 160
Sicily 244
Sidonius Apollonaris, Carmina (5, 37–9), Epistulae (2) (10) (13–15) (20) (21) 272
Signa/signs 181–216
for statues 158
Silence 285
Silver, see Ages; Classes; Races
Simonides (5, 1 and 2) 36, 41
Skopas, see Sculptors
Slaves, see Classes, Rome
Socrates, 47–50, 78, 92
Solon 16
on laws 61
Sophocles 62
Sosius 238
Sosos 129
Sparta/Spartans 15, 43, 46, 47
Square, men 36–41; see also Architecture: elements, niches; Dress: clothes, Roman
Sri Lanka 107
Statius, Silvae (1, 2, 148ff.) (2, 2, 90–91) 270
Steps, see Architecture, elements
Stoicism, see Philosophies
Strabo, Geography 249–52
Straits: of Gibraltar 233
of Hellespont 107, 108
Strife/Eris 8, 31, 57
Styles, see Architecture; Oratory; Wall-painting
Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars: Augustus (28) 227, (31) 189, (72, 2) 181
Caligula (28) 229
Claudius (17, 3) 183
Sulla 245
Sybaris 36
Syracuse 104, 153
Syria 231
Tacitus, Dialogues (20) 246, 248
(21) 247
(22) 248
Taormina, theatre 240, fig. 198
Tarquin, King 173
Tertullian, De Corona Militis (3) 213
Thales of Miletus 94
Themistocles 78
Theon of Samos, see Painters
Theophrastus, Characters 116
Thebes 34
Theseus 53
Thetis, and arms of Achilles 20, 154, fig. 122
Thucydides, Histories (V, 67) 40
(V, 67–9) 46
Thumos 1
Tiberius, see Emperors
Timaeus of Locri 49
Timgad 175, fig. 139
Tivoli, Villa of Hadrian 244, figs 200, 202, 211
Timanthes, see Painters
Timotheos, see Sculptors
Titus, see Emperors
Tombs
Greek 179
stelai 38–40, fig. 29
Attic stelai 92, 93, figs 78, 79
Nereid Tomb 30, fig. 23
‘Alexander Sarcophagus’ 112, 113, figs 91, 92
at Alexandria 112, figs 89, 90
Etruscan 165, fig. 129
tomb chests 205
Roman 179
of Augustus 176
of Demetrius and Philonicus 180, fig. 143
of Eurysaces 205, fig. 170
of Hadrian 244, fig. 203
sarcophagi 206–14, figs 172–6, 179
Trajan, see Emperors
Trojans 9–12, 143–5
horse 11, 140, fig. 8; see also Wars
Tyrtaeus 16
Varro, De Lingua Latina (5, 118) 240
Vases
named: ‘Dipylon Vase’ 24, fig. 15
‘Macmillan Aryballos’ 26, fig. 20
‘Chigi Vase’ 33, fig. 25
painters: Andokides painter 84, fig. 66
Euphronios 13, 64, 84, fig. 9
Euthymides 64, 65, fig. 47
Exekias, Ajax and Achilles 82, fig. 65
types: aryballos 26
bilingual 84
panathenaic amphora fig. 45
shield cup 24
white ground lekythos 92, fig. 77
potters 57, 58, 60, 61, 64
styles: black- and red-figure 84
geometric 24, fig. 66
Vaults, see Architecture: Elements
Verona, Porta dei Borsari 236
Verres, Governor of Sicily 155
Vespasian, see Emperors
Victory, see Nike
Virgil: Aeneid 140, (VI, 835) 245
Georgics 222
Vitruvius 30, 45
De Architectura (I, 4, 9 and 10) 173, (II, pref.) III, (IV, 1) 30, (VII, 4) 220
Wall-paintings: First Style 220
Second Style 148, 220, fig. 182
Third Style 220, fig. 183
Fourth Style 248, fig. 208
Warfare: Greek 9–56
Roman 162–72
Wars: Peloponnesian 6, 15, 44, 91
Persian 16, 44, 85, 91
Trojan 18–21
Water, see Materials
Wax, see Materials
Wine, see Materials
Women
in general 82, 91
as artists’ models 115–26
in the Iliad 18–20
power of 51–6
as hetairai (courtesans) 72
rape of 284
wives as Muses 209
individual: Briseis 20
Chryseis 20
Helen 20, 51
St Helena 281
Iphigeneia 30, 43, 44
Lamia 115
St Monica 281
Pankaspe 117, 126
Phryne 116, 126; see also Sappho
Workshop xiii
bronze workers’ 17, 73, figs 53, 81
model for Milesian cosmology 94–6
model for Plato’s theory of ideas 97–8
potter’s 64, fig. 48
Wreaths, see Dress
Xenophanes 93, 95
Xenophon, Memorabilia (III, 1, 6) 37
Zeuxis, see Painters