Appendix II: Dynastic Chronologies

Beck, Stephanie

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Appendix II: Dynastic Chronologies

Stephanie Beck

Description: From Mind, Heart, and Hand: Persian, Turkish, and Indian Drawings from the Stuart...

From Mind, Heart, and Hand: Persian, Turkish, and Indian Drawings from the Stuart Cary Welch Collection

As with the chronologies of regions, these lists of dynasties from Turkey, Iran, and India are limited in scope and in places incomplete, but they provide some historical context for the production of the artworks included in this catalogue.

Author

Stephanie Beck

PublisherHarvard Art Museums

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00053.014

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16841

Appendix II: Dynastic Chronologies

STEPHANIE BECK

As with the chronologies of regions, these lists of dynasties from Turkey, Iran, and India are limited in scope and in places incomplete, but they provide some historical context for the production of the artworks included in this catalogue.

RULERS IN PERSIA, c. 1400–c. 1900

Timurid Dynasty, 1370–1506

Following the death of Timur, the empire was never again united under a supreme ruler but was divided among his many descendants in shifting alliances and rivalries. This list includes only the major princes and governors of the Timurid line.

Timur (r. 1370–1405)

Shah Rukh (r. 1405–47)

Iskandar Sultan (r. 1409–14), governor of Shiraz

Baysonghor (regent under Shah Rukh, 1418–33)

Ibrahim Sultan (r. 1414–35), governor of Shiraz

Ulughbeg (r. 1447–49), Transoxiana and Samarqand

Abu Sa‘id (r. 1451–68), northern Iran Husayn Bayqara (r. 1470–1506), Herat

Aq Qoyunlu Dynasty (Turkman; western Iran and eastern Turkey), 1378–1508

Qarā Qoyunlu Dynasty (Turkman; western Iran and Iraq), 1380–1468

Safavid Dynasty, 1501–1722

Isma‘il I (r. 1501–24), Tabriz

Tahmasp (r. 1524–76), Qazvin

Isma‘il II (r. 1576–77)

Muhammad Khudabanda (r. 1578–88)

‘Abbas I (r. 1588–1629), Isfahan

Safi (r. 1629–42)

‘Abbas II (r. 1642–66)

Sulayman I (Safi II) (r. 1666–94)

Husayn (r. 1694–1722)

Interregnum

Mahmud Khan of Afghanistan (r. 1722)

Mir Ashraf (r. 1725–29)

Afsharid Dynasty, 1736–95

Nadir Shah (r. 1736–47)

Adil Shah (r. 1747)

Ibrahim (r. 1748)

Shah Rukh (r. 1748–95)

Zand Dynasty, 1750–94

Karim Khan (r. 1750–79), Shiraz

Abu’l-Fath Khan (r. 1779)

Muhammad Ali Khan (r. 1779)

Muhammad Sadiq Khan (r. 1779–81)

‘Ali Murad Khan (r. 1779–85), Isfahan

Ja‘far Khan (r. 1785), Isfahan and Shiraz

Lutf ‘Ali Khan (r. 1789–94), Shiraz

Qajar Dynasty, 1779–1924, Tehran

Aqa Muhammad Khan (r. 1779–97)

Fath ‘Ali Shah (r. 1797–1834)

Muhammad Shah (r. 1834–48)

‘Ali (in rebellion) (r. 1834)

Husayn ‘Ali (in rebellion) (r. 1834–35)

Nasir al-Din (r. 1848–96)

Muzaffar al-Din (r. 1896–1907)

Muhammad ‘Ali Shah (r. 1907–09)

Ahmad Shah (r. 1909–24)

RULERS IN TURKEY, c. 1300–c. 1900

Ottoman Dynasty, c. 1300–1923

Osman I (r. 1299?–1324?)

Orhan (r. 1324?–1362?)

Murad I (r. 13627–1389)

Bayezid I (r. 1389–1402)

Interregnum (1402–13)

Mehmed I (r. 1413–21)

Murad II (r. 1421–51)

Mehmed II (r. 1451–80)

Bayezid II (r. 1481–1512)

Selim I (r. 1512–20)

Süleyman I (r. 1520–66)

Selim II (r. 1566–74)

Murad III (r. 1574–95)

Mehmed III (r. 1595–1603)

Ahmed I (r. 1603–17)

Mustafa I (r. 1617–18, 1622–23)

Osman II (r. 1618–22)

Murad IV (r. 1623–40)

Ibrahim (r. 1640–48)

Mehmed IV (r. 1648–87)

Süleyman II (r. 1687–91)

Ahmed II (r. 1691–95)

Mustafa II (r. 1695–1703)

Ahmed III (r. 1703–30)

Mahmud I (r. 1730–54)

Osman III (r. 1754–57)

Mustafa III (r. 1757–74)

Abdülhamid I (r. 1774–89)

Selim III (r. 1789–1807)

Mustafa IV (r. 1807–08)

Mahmud II (r. 1808–39)

Abdülmecid I (r. 1839–61)

Abdülaziz I (r. 1861–76)

Murad V (r. 1876)

Abdülhamid II (r. 1876–1909)

Mehmed V (r. 1909–18)

Mehmed VI (r. 1918–22)

RULERS IN INDIA, c. 1200–1900

Delhi Sultanates, c. 1206–c. 1526

MU’IZZI SULTANATE, 1206–90

KHALJI SULTANATE, 1290–1320

TUGHLUQ SULTANATE, 1320–1401

SAYYID SULTANATE, 1414–51

LODI SULTANATE, 1451–1526

SURI SULTANATE, 1540–55

Mughal Dynasty, 1526–1858

Babur (r. 1526–30)

Humayun (r. 1530–40 and 1555–56)

Sher Shah Sur (r. 1540–55), Afghan ruler who temporarily deposes Humayun

Akbar (r. 1556–1605)

Jahangir (r. 1605–27)

Shah Jahan (r. 1628–57)

Aurangzeb (‘Alamgir I) (r. 1658–1707)

Bahadur Shah (Shah ‘Alam I) (r. 1707–12)

Jahandar (r. 1712)

Farrukhsiyar (r. 1713–19)

Muhammad Shah (r. 1719–48)

Ahmad Shah Bahadur (r. 1748–54)

‘Alamgir II (r. 1754–59)

Shah ‘Alam II (r. 1760–1806)

Akbar Shah II (r. 1806–37)

Bahadur Shah II (r. 1837–58)

Sultanates of the Deccan, c. 1340–c. 1680

BAHMANI SULTANATE, 1347–1527

BIDAR SULTANATE, 1487–1619

BIJAPUR SULTANATE, 1489–1686

AHMADABAD SULTANATE, 1490–1636

BERAR SULTANATE, 1491–1574

GOLCONDA SULTANATE, 1512–1687

Hindu Kingdoms of Rajasthan, c. 1400–c. 1900

MEWAR DYNASTY

Lakha (r. 1382–1421)

Mokal (r. 1421–33)

Rana Kumbha (r. 1433–68)

Ooda (r. 1468–73)

Raimal (r. 1473–1509)

Sangram Singh (r. 1509–27)

Ratan Singh (r. 1527–31)

Vikram Singh (r. 1531–37)

Udai Singh (r. 1537–72)

Pratap Singh (r. 1572–97)

Amar Singh I (r. 1597–1621)

Karan Singh (r. 1621–28)

Jagat Singh I (r. 1628–52)

Raj Singh I (r. 1652–80)

Jai Singh (r. 1680–98)

Amar Singh II (r. 1698–1710)

Sangram Singh (r. 1710–34)

Jagat Singh II (r. 1734–51)

Pratap Singh II (r. 1751–54)

Raj Singh II (r. 1754–61)

Ari Singh II (r. 1761–73)

Hamir Singh II (r. 1773–78)

Bhim Singh (r. 1778–1828)

Jawan Singh (r. 1828–38)

Sardar Singh (r. 1838–42)

Swaroop Singh (r. 1842–61)

Shambhu Singh (r. 1861–74)

Sajjan Singh (r. 1874–84)

Fateh Singh (r. 1884–1930)

DEVGARH

Dwarka Das (r. 1669–1706)

Sangram Singh I (r. 1706–37)

Jaswant Singh (r. 1737–76)

Ragho Das (r. 1776–86)

Gokul Das II (r. 1786–1821)

Nahar Singh I (r. 1821–47)

Ranjit Singh (r. 1847–67)

AMBER AND JAIPUR

Man Singh (r. 1589–1614)

Jagat Singh (r. 1614)

Bhao Singh (r. 1614–22)

Jaya Singh (r. 1622–67)

Rama Singh (r. 1667–88)

Bisham Singh (r. 1688–1700)

Jai Singh II (r. 1700–1743)

Ishvari Singh (r. 1743–50)

Madho Singh (r. 1751–68)

Prithvi Singh (r. 1768–78)

Pratap Singh (r. 1778–1803)

Jagat Singh II (r. 1803–19)

Jai Singh III (r. 1820–35)

Ram Singh II (r. 1835–80)

Madho Singh II (r. 1880–1922)

Man Singh II (r. 1922–49)

BUNDI

Surjan Singh (r. 1555–86)

Bhoj Singh (r. 1586–1608)

Ratan Singh (r. 1608–32)

Rao Chattarsal (Chatra Singh) (r. 1632–58)

Bhao Singh (r. 1658–82)

Anirudh Singh (r. 1682–96)

Budh Singh (r. 1696–1735)

Dalel Singh (r. 1735–49)

Usmaid Singh (r. 1749-c. 1773)

Bishen Singh (r. 1804–21)

Ram Singh (r. 1821–89)

Raghubir Singh (r. 1889–1927)

KOTAH

Madho Singh (r. 1625–48)

Mukund Singh (r. 1648–58)

Jagat Singh (r. 1658–83)

Kishor Singh (r. 1684–96)

Ram Singh (r. 1696–1707)

Bhim Singh I (r. 1707–20)

Arjun Singh (r. 1720–23)

Durjan Sal (r. 1724–56)

Himmat Singh (regent of the court responsible for Durjan Sal’s safety during the 1720s to the 1750s)

Zalim Singh (regent of the Kotah court after his uncle, Himmat Singh)

Ajit Singh (r. 1756–58)

Shatru Sal I (r. 1758–64)

Guman Singh (r. 1764–71)

Umed Singh (r. 1771–1819)

Kishor Singh (r. 1819–27)

Ram Singh II (r. 1827–66)

Shatru Sal II (r. 1866–89)

Umed Singh II (r. 1889–1940)

KISHANGARH

Kishan Singh (r. 1611)

Man Singh (r. 1658–1700)

Prince Savant Singh (r. 1748–57)

Birad Singh (r. 1781–88)

Rulers of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab Hills

GULER

Jagdish Chand (r. 1570–1605)

Bikram Singh (r. 1661–85)

Gopal Chand (r. 1687)

Dalip Chand (r. 1695–1730)

Govardhan Chand (r. 1741–73)

Prakash Chand (r. 1773–90)

KANGRA

Hamir Chand (r. 1700–1747)

Abhay Chand (r. 1747–50)

Shringar Chand (r. 1750)

Ghamir Chand (r. 1750–51)

Ghamand Chand (r. 1751–74)

Tegh Chand (r. 1774–75)

Sansar Chand II (r. 1775–1823)

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