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List of illustrations

  • The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos)
  • What a Sacrifice! (Que sacrificio!)
  • Where Is Mother Going? (Donde va mama?)
  • Oath of the Horatii
  • Saint Bernardine of Siena Preaching before Alfonso V of Aragon
  • The Surrender of Breda
  • The Recapture of Saint Christopher
  • The Vow of Louis XIII
  • That Certainly Is Being Able To Read (Esto si que es leer)
  • You Who Can Not (Tu que no puedes)
  • What One Does to Another (Unos a otros)
  • The Strolling Players
  • Annunciation
  • Saint Anthony of Padua Kissing the Foot of the Christ Child
  • Saint Bonaventure Assisting in the Translation of the Relics of Saint Anthony of Padua
  • Vision of Saint Francis of Assisi (La Porciúncula), sketch for
  • Vision of Saint Francis of Assisi (La Porciúncula)
  • Immaculate Conception
  • Saint Francis and Saint Dominic Meeting on the Steps of Saint Peter's
  • Saint Joseph and the Christ Child
  • Portrait de Don Bernardo Iriarte
  • Portrait of Manuel Godoy (Retrato de don Manuel Godoy)
  • Joaquina Téllez-Girón, daugther of the 9th Duke and Duchess of Osuna
  • Allegorical ceiling frescoes in sculpture gallery
  • Sala de la yeguada with landscapes
  • Woman and a Dandy
  • Gabinete de platino
  • Family of Carlos IV
  • Las Meninas
  • The Family of Carlos IV
  • Count of Floridablanca
  • Family of Don Luis de Borbón
  • Carlos IV
  • María Luisa
  • María Luisa in a Mantilla
  • Duchess of Alba
  • Queen Mariana of Austria
  • Carlos IV in Hunting Dress
  • Philip IV in Hunting Dress
  • Queen María Luisa on Horseback
  • Carlos IV on Horseback
  • María Luisa
  • Carlos IV
  • Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
  • Ferdinand Guillemardet
  • Science
  • Agriculture
  • Industry
  • San Fernando como hilan!
  • Commerce
  • Poetry
  • Truth, Time, and History
  • Four Seasons
  • Time, Truth, and History
  • Equestrian Portrait of Godoy
  • Felipe IV
  • Godoy as Commander in the War of the Oranges
  • Countess of Chinchón
  • Emblem of the Pestalozzi Institute
  • Students from the Pestalozzian Academy, fragment
  • Godoy as Patron of Education
  • The Naked Maja (Maja desnuda)
  • The Clothed Maja (Maja vestida)
  • The Toilet of Venus (The Rokeby Venus)
  • Sleeping Venus
  • Gossiping Women
  • Woman Sleeping
  • Equestrian Portrait of Fernando VII
  • Allegory of Madrid
  • The 2nd of May 1808 in Madrid, or The Fight against the Mamelukes
  • The Third of May 1808 in Madrid, or "The Executions"
  • Redemption of 1,407 Captives . . .
  • Second of May 1808: Uprising at the Palace
  • Second of May 1808: The Puerta del Sol
  • Second of May 1808: The Deaths of Daoiz and Velarde
  • Second of May 1808: The Assassination of the Patriots
  • Third of May 1808
  • Assassination of Five Valencia Monks on January 18, 1812
  • The Boston Massacre
  • Napoleon on the Battlefield of Eylau
  • Glories of Spain
  • St. Hermengild
  • St. Isabel Attending the Sick
  • Fernando VII
  • Fernando VII in his Royal Mantle
  • The Buffoon Barbarroja, Cristóbal de Castañeda y Pernia
  • Royal Company of the Philippines
  • Christ Preaching (The Hundred Gilder Print)
  • Portrait of Manuel García de la Prada (Retrato de D. Manuel García de la Prada)
  • Inquisition Scene (Escena de Inquisición)
  • Auto-da-fé in the Plaza Mayor of Madrid
  • Those Specks of Dust (Aquellos polbos)
  • Patriotic Regeneration, – viz. – Parliament Reform’d, a la Francoise, – that is, – Honest Men (i.e. Opposition.) in the Seat of Justice. Vide. Carmagnol Expectations
  • Procession (Los disciplinantes)
  • Bullfight in the Village (La corrida de toros)
  • Madhouse (La casa de locos)
  • Yard with Madmen
  • Burial of the Sardine (El entierro de la sardina)
  • Drawing for Burial of the Sardine
  • Masquerade
  • A Dance in the Country
Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
Contents
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.001
Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~In choosing the word twilight to describe the ambience of Goya’s major secular paintings from 1789 to about 1816, I wish to suggest many things. First, this is a period of transition, possibly imperceptible to the person standing within, but nevertheless readily apparent to whomever enjoys a retrospective viewpoint. The paintings discussed here...
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.002
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~The common perception of Goya comprises documented fact and myth, inextricably intermeshed. The biography that results is a saga of tribulations leading to ultimate triumph. A summary of the artist’s life might read as follows.
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.1-27
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.003

Access to this content is only available to subscribers. If you are at an institution that currently subscribes to the A&AePortal, please login to your VPN before accessing the site. If you have already purchased an individual subscription, please sign in to your account to access the content. Learn more about subscriptions.

Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~The now familiar altarpiece Saint Bernardine of Siena Preaching before Alfonso V of Aragon (pl. 1) was one of seven commissioned in 1781 by Carlos III (through the offices of the count of Floridablanca) to decorate as many chapels in the newly rebuilt convent church of San Francisco el Grande, in...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.28-59
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.004

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Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~The Family of Carlos IV (pl. 2) inevitably lurks behind any discussion of Goya’s activity as a court painter and, after 31 October 1799, as first court painter for Carlos IV. Because of its explicit reference to Velázquez’ Las Meninas (fig. 27), the Family...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.60-92
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.005

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Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~The essential coordinates of Manuel Godoy’s career to 1800 have already been plotted: he rose from the ranks of the royal guard, was appointed first minister in 1792, was given the...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.93-127
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.006

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Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~From 1789 until his death in 1828 Goya retained the title of pintor de cámara, but his status underwent a significant change after the downfall of Carlos IV, María Luisa, and Godoy. Goya’s success in serving such patrons hinged in part on his ability to invoke...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.128-159
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.007

Access to this content is only available to subscribers. If you are at an institution that currently subscribes to the A&AePortal, please login to your VPN before accessing the site. If you have already purchased an individual subscription, please sign in to your account to access the content. Learn more about subscriptions.

Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~Although the royal portraits of Carlos IV and María Luisa can be counted among the artist’s greatest works, those of Fernando VII intimate the secondary importance that official portraiture held for the artist...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.160-187
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.008

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Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~Having stated at the outset that my discussion of Goya’s works within a historical context might seem inconclusive to many readers, I do not intend here to impose an overarching hypothesis. As has been seen, I view Goya’s imagery as a response to the transitions of his society, partially embodied by the desires of his patrons. But his paintings have...
PublisherYale University Press
Related print edition pages: pp.188-190
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.009
Chapter subject tags:Art patronageClassicism in art

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Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
Cumpliendo por mi parte con la Orden de V.E. para que cada uno de nosotros exponga lo que tenga por conveniente sobre el Estudio de las Artes, digo: Que las Academias, no deben ser privativas, ni servir mas que de Auxîlio á los que libremente quieren estudiar en ellas, desterrando toda sugecion servil de Escuela de Niños, preceptos mecanicos, premios mensuales, ayudas de costa,...
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.010
Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
~Francisco Bayeu (1734–1795)This list is based on a document from Madrid, Archivo General del Palacio (AGP), Sección Administrativo, Carlos III, legajo 3879. Also consulted were the personal files, or “Expediente personales,” of the named individuals in the same...
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.011
Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
Bibliography
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.012
Free
Description: Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
Index
PublisherYale University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00060.013
Goya in the Twilight of Enlightenment
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