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Description: Learning to Draw: Studies in the Cultural History of a Polite and Useful Art
Index
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
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Index
Numbers in italic refer to illustrations
absolutism, x, 4, 31–2, 53, 60, 61, 77, 80, 81, 90
abstraction, 72, 78, 80, 81, 97, 101, 105, 108, 109, 111, 125, 241, 245
accomplishments, feminine, 78, 160, 183–227
flower painting, 202–24
Louisa Gurney, 187–202
see also education
Ackermann, Rudolph, 127, 128, 129, 129–30, 131–2, 138–42, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147–8, 152, 155, 163, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 184, 193, 195, 196, 237, 239, 241, 264n, 268n
The Chariot of John Eamer, 132
Imitations in Chalk . . . , 177
Lessons for Beginners . . . , 165, 163–6
The Microcosm of London, 135, 135, 211
New Drawing Book Comprising Figures . . . , title page, 162, 162
New Drawing Book of Light and Shadow, 138–9, 140, 141
patriotism of, 141–2
Six Progressive Lessons in Flower Painting, 267n
A Treatise on Ackermann’s Superfine Watercolours, 139
and women consumers, 140, 141, 145–6
see also Repository of the Arts
Adam, Robert, 149, 152
Adams, Ann Jensen, 257n
Addison, Joseph, 61, 92, 99, 101, 137, 193, 204
Pleasures of the Imagination, 91, 92, 99
Adelaide, Queen, 215
Aglionby, William, 63–4
Albert, Prince, 232
Alberti, Leon Baptista, 6, 43, 44
Della pittura, 4, 5, 25, 42, 43
Della statua, 38
Alençon, François, duke of, 20
Alexander, David, 149
Algarotti, count Francesco, Essay on Painting, 126
Alken, Henry, Illustrations for Landscape Scenery, 110, 111
Allan, David, 207
allegorical painting/drawing, 33, 40, 47, 48, 56, 253n, 262n
Allegorical Woodcuts with Patterns of British Manufacture, 139, 140
Allston, Washington, 44
Alpers, Svetlana, 34, 67, 72
amateur/amateurism/amateur art, ix, x, xi, xiii, xiv, 3, 34, 49, 63, 64, 66, 69, 127–81, 224, 229, 243
commercialization of, xiii, 127–81 passim; decline in twentieth-century, 229
decorative technique, 145–60
government teaching of, 233, 234, 235
landscape drawing, xiii, 70, 73, 77–8, 83, 85, 89, 90–91, 92–126 passim, 166, 167–74, 180
and photography, 240–41, 242, 246, 274n
vs professionalism, 128, 129, 130–31, 141, 179–80, 181
Ruskin’s criticism of, 243, 245–7
“serious” amateur drawing, 180–81
status in Royal Academy, 130–31, 141
women, xi, xiii, 78, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 141, 145–64, 174, 179–81, 185, 186, 191, 224
see also collectors; courtly culture; virtuosi
American War of Independence, 80, 99
anatomy, 25, 64, 65, no, 230, 232
Andrews, James, Lessons in Flower Painting, 267n
Angerstein, John Julius, 136
Anglican Church, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 66
anti-court attitudes/literature, 26–7, 32, 49, 60
anti-Jacobins, 107, 114, 125, 261n, 262n
antiquarianism, 46, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 82, 90, 102, 108
aquatint, 94, 96, 97–8, 101, 106, 109, 110, 113, 115, 119, 120, 134, 149, 151, 165, 167, 178, 259n architecture, 67, 69, 70, 80, 84, 152–3, 154, 226, 239, 240
aristocratic display see collectors
Aristotle, 15, 42, 45, 64
art academies/schools, 85, 127, 131, 225–7
government Schools of Design, 229, 230, 231–2, 234–5, 242, 243, 244, 245, 264n, 273n
art clubs and societies, amateur, 4, 17, 133, 264n
art galleries, 54–5, 127, 128, 133, 135, 135, 136, 138
see also Royal Academy
Art Nouveau, 226
Artlove, Mrs., The Art of japanning, . . . , 155
Arts and Crafts Movement, 226
Arts Companion, 160
Arundel, Aletheia Talbot, countess of, 46, 54, 55, 56, 58, 63, 254n, 255n
Mytens’ portrait of, 54, 55
Arundel, Thomas Howard, earl of, 26, 33, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53–4, 55, 58, 63, 67, 255n
art collections of, 54, 55, 55–6
Fruytiers’ portrait (after Van Dyck) of family of, 56, 56
Mytens’ portrait of, 54, 33
Ascham, Roger, 15, 18, 27, 33
The Scholemaster, 15
Associated Artists in Water-Colours, 132
Asteli, Mary, 65
astronomy, astronomical drawings, 17, 40, 65, 89
Athenaeum, 237, 238
Athenagora, Apologetics, 267n
Atkins, Anna, 213–14
British Algae, 214
Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Flowering Plants and Flowers, 213–14, 238
Dandelion, 213
Augustus, Emperor, 60, 61
Austen, James, 171
Austen, Jane, 105, 187–9. 192
Northanger Abbey, ix–x
Pride and Prejudice, 187–8
Sanditon, 183, 184
Ayres, Lady, 21
Bacon, Francis, 64, 65, 66, 67
Great Instauration, 64–5
Novum Organum, 64
Badminton, Beaufort garden at, 205
Baker, Henry, 258n
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 252n
classical body, 30–31
grotesque body, 23, 30
Balzac, Honoré, de, 145
Banks, Sir Joseph, 84, 271n, 272n
Barbauld, Mrs., 168
Barberini or Portland Vase, Wedgwood copy, 152
Barbier, Carl Paul, 260n
Bardwell, Thomas, 126
Barish, Jonas, 27
Barnard, W. H., 171
Barrell, John, 143, 257n, 258n, 265n
Barry, James, 142, 144, 176
Elysium, 160
Bartolozzi, Francesco, 126
after Benjamin West: trade card, Mr. Sandby Jr., 161
Bataille, George, 207
Bate, John, A Landscape Frame, 81
Bateman, James, Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala, 213
Bates, John, The Secrets of Mature and Art, 47
Beauclerk, Lady Diana, 154
Beaufort, duchess of, 205
Beaufort, Rev. Daniel Augustus, and Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 89
Designs for a Boiler or Still, 87
Designs for Semi-Detached Cottages, 87
Designs for aWooden Rolling-stone,” 87
Beaumont, Sir George, 126, 131, 142, 171, 178
beauty, 40, 92, 100, 104, 105
female, 7–8, 9, 10, 17, 23, 231
Beckford, William, 93
Bedford College, 226
Beilby, Ralph, 88
Beilby, Thomas, Roche Abbey, 88
Bell, Jacob, 143
Bembo, Pietro, 7–8, 9, 10
Gli Asolani, 8
Benjamin, Walter, 229
Bennett, Shelley, 266n
Bentley, Thomas, 152, 153, 154
Berger, John, 194
Berghem, Nicholas, 44
Berry, Phillipa, 8
Bewick, Thomas, 88
The Stag, or Red Deer, 152, 153
Bickham, George, the Elder, 126, 156
The Drawing and Writing Tutor. Capital Strokes and Letters, 44, 44
The Universal Penman, 44
Bickham, George, Jr., 44, 44
A New Collection of Landskips, 92, 93
Bicknell, Peter, 96, 247n, 259n, 261n, 265n
Birmingham Lunar Society, 89
Blackstone, William, Commentaries on the Laws of England, 107
Blackwell, Elizabeth, A Curious Herbal, 212
Pomegranate, 212
Blake, William, 133, 263n, 268n
blot technique, Cozens’, 97–9, 101, 104, 106
Blunt, Wilfrid, 272n
Board of Trade, 230, 231, 232, 233
boarding schools, female, 189, 190, 190, 207
Bodley, John, 20
Boldre parish school, 112–13
Bonnington, Richard Parks, 178
booksellers/bookshops, 127, 128, 138, 141, 142
Booth, Joseph, An Address to the Public on Polygraphic Art, 151–2
Borcht, Hendrick van der, after Parmigianino, Partly draped Figure (Justice), 46
Libreto di diverse figurine, 46, 54
Borgia, Cesare, 12
Borgia family, 14
botanical gardens, 204–05
Botanical Society of London, 213
The Botanist, 215
botany, 64, 68, 79, 89, 111, 118, 125, 133, 148, 197, 226, 263n, 272n
see also flower painting
Boulton, Matthew, 89, 266n
“mechanical paintings” of, 151
Bourdieu, Pierre, xi
Bowles, Oldfield, 171, 215
Bowyer, Robert, 133
A Selection of Facsimiles of Watercolour, 178
Boydell, John, 96, 143, 150
Shakespeare Gallery of, 133, 143
Boyle, Robert, 26, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71
Some Observations Touching on the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy, 66–7
Bradshaw, Thomas, 173
Near Little Berkhamsted, 173
October 30th, 173
Braithwait, Richard, The English Gentleman, 62, 66
title page, xvi, 62, 62, 64
Bramston, James, Man of Taste, 64
Brandon, Alice see Hilliard
Brandon, Robert, 20
Brewer, John, 248n, 260n, 268n
British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts, 131, 132, 136, 143, 178
galleries at, 135, 135
British School, 132, 136
Broadhurst, Thomas, 191
Bronte, Charlotte, Jane Eyre, x
Brookshaw, George, 134, 155–8, 160, 206, 215, 267n
Commode after Kauffman’s Damon and Musidora, 157, 158
furniture decoration, 157–8
Groups of Fruit . . . , 157
A New Treatise on Flower Painting . . . , 155–7, 156–7
Pomona Britannica, 157, 157
Six Birds . . . , 157
Brougham, Henry, 230
Brown, Alexander, 47
Brown, John, An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times, 102
Brown, Lancelot “Capability,” 77, 90
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 143
Brugge, Gerhard de, Introduction to the General Art of Drawing, 71
Brummel, George Bryan, “Beau,” 137
Bryant, Joshua, 114
Progressive Lessons in Landscape, no, 115, 116
Bryson, Norman, 239
Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel, 82
Buckingham, George Villiers, duke of, 33, 56, 58
Bullock’s Egyptian Hall, 133–4, hall, 143
Burgess, J. C. An Easy Introduction to Perspective . . . , 123
Burgh, James, Britain’s Remembrancer, 101–02
Burke, Edmund, 114, 261n
Reflections on the Revolution in France, 107
Burke, Peter, 19
Burnet, John, 126
Burney, Edward Francis, A Fashionable Academy for Young Ladies, 189, 189
Buttali, Jonathan, Gainsborough’s portrait of, 63, 63
Byrne, Anne, 210–11
Acorns, Chestnuts and Blueberries, 211
Byrne, William, 211
Cain, T S., 251n
Callcott, Augustus Wall, 230
Callcott, Maria, 225
calligraphy, 20, 44, 44, 96, 99, 109
calotype (Talbotype), 237, 238, 238–42, 241–2, 274n
Calvin, John, Calvinism, 3, 14, 20, 32
see also Puritans
Cambridge: Girton College, 226
St. John’s College, 18
Trinity College, 37, 50
Cambridge School of Art, 234
camera lucida, 123, 125, 235–6
camera obscura, 67, 69, 70, 72, 81, 81, 101, 123, 124, 124, 236, 237, 238, 240, 273n
Cameron, Julia Margaret, 241
Campbell, Colin, 177
Canaletto, 82
Canossa, Count Lodovico, 4, 5–6, 12
Cardon, A. see Girtin and Cardon
Carnarvon, Elizabeth, Countess of, 203
Carracci (Lodovico, Agostino and Annibale), 45
Carracci Academy, 42, 254n
cartography (map making), 7, 64, 65, 78, 79, 79–85, 90, 93–4
Carton, Janice Bergman, 202
The Case of Designers, Engravers, Etchers, Etc., 153–4
Castiglione, count Baldassare, bishop of Avila, 22, 24, 26, 32 33, 43, 45, 49, 50, 58, 59, 62, 63, 73, 77, 91, 92, 137, 188, 191, 236, 243, 246
Il Cortegiano, xiii, 3, 4–19, 21, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 34, 53, 77, 190, 230–1, 248n, 249–51n
“Englyshing” of, 14–19
Raphael’s portrait of, 5, 12, 13
Catherine the Great, Empress, 155
Green Frog Service of, 152, 154
Catholicism, 15, 16, 18, 26, 40, 55, 56, 57–8, 65, 71, 79
Catiin, George, 133
Cato Street Conspiracy (1820), 136
Cecil, William, Lord, 18, 24
Central School of Design, 226
Female School of Design, 225 6
ceramics/earthenware, transfer ware, 152, 153
Wedgwood products, 152–3, 154–5, 160, 162
Cerrotti, Violante, 195
Certeau, Michel de, 184
Chambers, Sir William, 152
Chambrey, Fréart de, 46
Champion, Richard, 85
Chantry, Francis, 230
Chapman, J. G., The American Drawing Book, 44, 44
Charles I, King, xiii, 21, 26, 32, 33, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63–4, 92, 255n
Van Dyck’s portrait of, 53, 59, 59–60, 61–2
Charles II, King, 26, 65, 66, 85
Charles V, Emperor, 4, 16
Charlotte, Queen, 155, 205
Chartist movement (1840s), 136
Chatelain, John Baptist Claude, 92, 259n
Cheke, John, 18
Il Cortegiano translated into Latin by, 18
Chelsea, duchess of Beaufort’s garden at, 204–05
Chelsea Physic Garden, 212
Children, John, 213
Chippendale, Thomas, 148
Chodorow, Nancy, 9
Chrétien, Gilles-Louis, 163
Christian, Jessica, 258n
Christie, Lieutenant James, 84
Heads, 85
Christie’s Auction Rooms, 135, 135, 136
Christ’s Hospital, 85, 88, 89
Royal Mathematical School, 85, 88
Royal Writing School, 85, 88
chromo-lithography, 231
Chwast, Seymour, How to Draw Geometric Shapes, 245, 246
Ciamberlano, drawing book of, 47, 177
Cicero, 52
ciceróni (guides), 53–4
Circassian looms, 150, 266n
Civil War, English, xii, xiii, 33, 34, 51, 53, 56, 57, 58, 61, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 73, 80, 88
Clark, John, 105–06, 122, 122
Myriorama, 105, 105–06, 166
Clark, John Heaviside, A Practical Illustration of Gilpin’s Day, 119, 120, 120
Lightening, 120
Rainbow, 120
Clarke, James, 105, 106
Claude Lorrain, 90, 92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 101, 126, 259n
Pastoral Landscape with the Ponte Molle, 96
“Claude Glass,” 101, 101, 260n
cleanliness, 22–3
Clement VII, Pope, 3
Cleveley, John, The Ships of Lord Mulgrave’s Expedition Embedded in Ice . . . , 84, 84
Clifton, Caroline, viscountess, 185–7, 187
Coates, Alice M., 210
Cockerell, Charles, 230
Cole, Henry, xiv, 226, 229, 230, 232–5, 244, 264n, 273n
Drawings of Simple Objects for Child Education, 233
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 176
collectors/collecting, 33, 49, 50, 51, 52–64, 70, 136
sale of royal collections, 63–4
Colley, Linda, 101–02, 260n
Collins, Richard, trade card of, 160, 161
color (colore), 5, 12, 14, 25, 48, 123, 218–21, 224
and harmonizing tints, 218
prismatic, 123, 217, 218–21, 272n
color wheel/ball, 219, 219
Combe, William, 105
Comenius, Amos, 72
compendiums see drawing books
connoisseurship see collectors; virtuosi
Constable, John, 34–5, 97, 100, no, 121, 123–4, 125, 126, 131, 134, 145, 168, 176, 262n, 264n
Arundel Mill and Castle, 121
Fir Trees at Hampstead, 118, 118
Hadleigh Castle, 121
The Kitchen Garden of Golding Constable’s House, 121
Constable, Maria (née Bicknell), 118
Constantine, Emperor, 58
consumerism, female, xiii, 140, 141, 145–64, 175–7, 179–81, 183, 184, 186, 190
copia/copiousness, 52–3
Copley, John Singleton, 133
copying, 40, 41, 42, 116, 129, 137, 138, 149–55, 157, 158, 159, 162, 177–8, 191, 210, 225, 234, 254n
Corinthian Maid, 160–64, 161, 214, 230
cosmography, 17, 50
Cospi, Ferdinando, 32, 53
Cosway, Maria, 129, 177, 193–6, 197, 202, 224
The Progress of Female Virtue and . . . Female Dissipation: Virtue, 192, 193–5
Vice, 193, 193–5
Cosway, Richard, 129, 177, 195
Cotman, John Sell, 121, 131, 133, 160, 178, 265n
The Travelling Artist, 130, 131
Cotman’s Drawing Society, 133
Cottingham, Sir Francis, 56, 58
Cotton, Sir Robert, 56
court culture/courtliness, xii, xiii, 3, 33, 58, 59–60, 77, 181, 190
Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano, 3–19, 34
disapproval of, 26–7, 32
Elizabeth Fs court, 26–32
Van Dyck’s Charles I Hunting, 59, 59–60, 61–2
see also collectors; virtuosi
courtesy, courtesy books, xiii, 14, 18, 25, 33, 36, 49, 50, 62, 63, 66
Cox, David, no, 129, 131, 134, 166, 167, 179
A Series of Progressive Lessons . . . , 122
A Treatise on Landscape Painting . . . , 137, 164, 165, 167, 267–8n
Cozens, Alexander, 34, 77, 85, 89, 93, 96–9, 106, 116, 119, 126, 131, 166, 219, 221, 259n 260n
An Essay to Facilitate the Inventing of Landscapes . . . , 99
A New Method for Assisting the Invention of Landscape (blot technique), 96–9, 104, 126, 257n, 259n, 260n
A blot, 98
A Completed landscape . . . , 98
A Landscape . . . , 98
Streaky Clouds . . . , 98
The shape, skeleton and foliage of Trees, 111, 112
The Various Species . . . , 99
Cozens, John Robert, 93
crafts, 155–60, 190, 202, 225
see also decoration
Craig, William Marshall, 106, 107–10, 115, 166, 180, 208, 241, 263n
An Essay in the Study of Nature in Drawing Landscape, 106, 107–08, 108
Landscape Animals, 110
Head of a Cow, 109
Studies of a Cow, 109
Cramer, Charles A., 257n
Cranch, John, 126
Crewe, Emma, 154
Cristall, Joshua, 129, 178
Crome, John, 121, 131, 197, 200, 201
Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector, 63
Cromwell, Thomas, 56, 251n
Cropper, Elizabeth, 249n
Crotch, William, 126, 171, 264n
Crown, Patricia, 269n
Culloden, Battle of (1746), 79, 102
Cumberland, duke of, 79, 260n
Cumberland, earl of, 24
Cunningham, Rev. Francis, 199
Cunningham, Richenda Gurney, 199, 201, 270n
Rev. Francis Cunningham’s Vicarage, 200
View of Earlham Bridge from the drawing room Windows, 200
View of Earlham Hall with Joseph John Gurney, 199
Curtis, Samuel, The Beauties of Flora, Pope’s illustration to, 212, 212
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (William Curtis), 204, 211, 212
cyanotypes, 213, 213–14, 238, 274n
Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé, 237, 239, 241, 242, 273n
daguerrotype, 237, 238, 242, 273n
Danby, Francis, 134
dandyism, 137–8
Danieli, William, A Voyage round Great Britain, 121
Daniels, Stephen, 263n
Darwin, Erasmus, 89
The Botanic Garden, 207–08
Plan for the Conduct of Female Education in Boarding Schools, 190
Davy, Sir Humphrey, 163, 230, 236, 237
An Account of a Method of Copying Paintings upon Glass . . . , 163–4
Day, Thomas, “The Nosegay,” 189
Dayes, Edward, 106
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, 107
decoration, decorative arts, 20–21, 68, 70, 128, 145–60, 179, 193, 203, 204, 215, 225, 242, 259n
Dee, John, 65
Delany, Mary, flower mosaics of, 271–2n
Delaram, Francis, title page from The Compleat Gentleman (Peacham), 49
Delaroche, Paul, 164
Delattre, J. M., engravings after Kauffman’s Beauty Directed by Prudence . . . , 149
Delessert, Mme., 206
Della Casa, Giovanni, 23, 33
Galateo, 18
Della Porta, Giambattista, De Humana Physiognomonia, 37, 37–8
Delord, Taxile, 207
Department of Education, 233
Descartes, Reneé, 72
design schools, 225–6, 229, 230, 231–5, 242
Devonshire, duchess of, 195
Devonshire, earl of, 24
Diamond, Hugh Welsh, 242
Dickens, Charles, Hard Times, 234
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 56
Dinnerstein, Dorothy, 9
disegno, concept of, xiii, 4–5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 40, 41, 42, 43, 253n
Doane, Mary Ann, 194
Dorigny, Nicholas, 126
Drake, Sir Francis, 20, 24
portrait after Gheeraerts of, 20, 21
Drake, Miss S. A., 213
Peony (Paeonia), 213
The Draughtsman’s Contract (film, 1982), 34, 253n
drawing books/manuals/compendiums, x–xi, xiii, 3, 33–9, 40, 44, 45, 47–9, 50, 54, 63, 69, 70, 71, 73, 99, 110, 124, 128, 129, 131, 134, 139, 141, 155–7, 160, 177, 205, 206, 215–24, 243, 259n, 265n, 267–8n
facsimile, 177–8
flower, 208, 215–17, 272n
handmade copies of, 47, 47
Italian, 33, 41–3, 47, 110
landscape, 77, 78, 85, 88, 92, 106, 107, 111, 115–16, 125–6, 128
progressive method of landscape, 164, 165–74, 267n
drawing masters, 77, 84, 85, 89, 97, 99, 104, 106, 114–19, 121, 131, 132, 134, 136, 167, 168, 177, 215, 234, 241
Dryden, John, 177
Dughet, Gaspard see Poussin
Dunstall, John, Nature Studies from A Book of Flowers, 67, 68, 68
Dunthorne, John, 126, 262n
Dürer, Albrecht, 22, 30, 43, 45, 56, 253n
Vier Bücher von Menschlicher Proportion, 38–9, 39, 41
Dyce, William, 230, 245
The Drawing Book of the Government School of Design, or Dyce’s Outlines, 231, 231, 232, 232
Earlham Hall (Gurney home), 197, 199, 199, 200
Earlom, Richard, 96, 126
A Landscape at Sunset with Cattle . . . , 97
Eastlake, Lady Elizabeth, 225
École Royal de Design, Paris, 225
Edgeworth, Maria, 89, 146, 168, 192
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 87, 89, 108
see also Beaufort and Edgeworth
education, xiv, 18, 78, 83–9, 90–91, 104, 127, 130, 132, 134, 146, 261n
art history courses, 242
children, x, 17, 146, 167–8, 170–72, 201–02, 233, 233, 234, 235
commoners’, 17–18
elementary, 232, 233, 235
Government Schools of Design, 229, 230, 231–2, 234–5, 242, 243, 244, 245, 264n, 273n
higher, 226–7
military, 83–5
night schools, 235
teacher training, 232, 234
women, 183, 189–92, 193, 195, 197, 202, 207, 225–7, 229
see also accomplishments
Edward VI, King, 14
Edwards, James, 271n
Edwards, Sydenham, Botanical Register, 213
Eldridge, W., 114
Elgin Marbles, 143, 144
Elias, Norbert, 23
Eliot, George, 194, Middlemarch, 190
Elizabeth I, Queen, xiii, 14, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26–32, 55, 57, 252n
court life under, 20–30, 31–2
Gheeraerts’s portrait of (Ditchley portrait), 2, 30, 31, 60, 79, 80
Hilliard’s portraits of, 20, 20, 21, 29, 29–30, 31
Oliver’s miniature of, 29, 29
Elliot, Lady, 81
Elyot, Sir Thomas, 33, 49, 50, 70, 181, 243, 250–51n
The Governor, 14, 15, 16–18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 251n
emporiums, 127, 128, 132, 133, 138–9
encyclopedia, 70
engraving/engravers, xii, 20, 21, 24, 26, 44, 71, 96, 132, 133, 143, 153–4, 167, 259n
exclusion from membership of Royal Academy of, 154
stipple, 149, 149
wood, 231
see also etching; prints
Erasmus, 23, 251n
Essex, Robert Devereux, earl of, 24
etching, 22, 54, 83, 92, 110, 113, 153, 178, 178, 193–4, 204, 258n
relief, 178, 268n
soft-ground, 108, 109, 109, 110, 115, 116, 117, 119, 134, 164, 165, 166, 177, 178, 261n, 268n
etiquette (or conduct) books, xi, xiii, 23
Etty, William, 230
Evelyn, John, 26, 46, 56, 66, 92
Sculptura, 26, 46,71
Everett, Nigel, 113
Every Man his own Vermin Killer, 193
Ewart, William, 230
exhibition societies, 132–3, 136, 139, 144
exhibitions, 132, 133–4, 134, 135, 135, 136, 144, 178
one-man shows, 133–4
Royal Academy, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 144, 181
Fabius, Pictor, 4
Faithhorne, William, 85
fancy work, 127, 145–8, 155, 160, 175
Fantis, Sigismundus de, 43
Construction of the Letter A., 43
Farington, Joseph, 131, 205
fashion, 127, 136, 137, 140, 140, 147, 175, 176, 179. 183, 184, 193, 204, 205, 269n
dandyism, 137–8
feminine narcissism, 194, 196, 270n
femininity, 3, 10, 11–12, 14, 26, 31, 32, 58, 129, 137, 146, 181, 209, 225, 250n, 269n
and accomplishments, 183–96
see also women
feminism, 175, 189, 190, 191–2, 202, 269n
Fenton, Nicholas, bishop of Ely, 26
Fialetti, Odoardo, 43, 44, 45, 254n
Tutte le parti del Corpo Humano: Construction of the Eye, 42, 43, 43, 166
The Whole Art of Drawing (Il vero modo), 47
Field, George, 136
Fielding, Henry, 61
Fielding, T. H. A., 272n, 273–4n
The Art of Engraving, 237–8, 273n
Synopsis of Practical Perspective, Linear and Aerial, 123
Fifty small, original and elegant Views . . . , 92
First Bishop’s War (Scotland, 1638), 36
Flaxman, John, 152
Fleming-Williams, Ian, 264n
Florence, Accademia del Disegno, 40, 40, 41
The Florist. Containing Sixty Plates . . . : Cyclamen, 203
title page, 203
The Florist, or, An extensive and curious Collection of Flowers, 203
Heckle’s etchings illustrating: title page, 204
Tulip and Anemone, 204
Two Bouquets, 204
Flower, John, 131, 167
lessons in landscape drawings, 167, 169
flower painting/drawing, xiii, 134, 141, 155–7, 156–7, 185, 202–24, 225–6, 227, 234, 267n, 271n, 272n
Ford, John, 129–30
Fordyce, James, 184
foreshortening, 5, 25, 48, 218
“Forty-Five,” Jacobite revolt (1745), 78–9, 80, 102
Foster, Edward, 111
Foucault, Michel, 9, 38, 64, 181, 247n, 255n
Les mots et les choses, 33
on resemblance, 38, 72
France/French, xii, 83, 102, 107, 109, 114, 136, 142, 262n
Francia, Louis, 114, 116, 133, 178, 178, 179
Studies of Landscapes (Liber Variorum), 177–8, 178
Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 195
François I, King of France, 27
Freake, Elizabeth and John, 31
Fregoso, Federico, 6, 7
Fregoso, Ottaviano, 9, 10, 11, 12
French Academy, 142
French Revolution, 107, 111, 114, 125, 261n
fresco, xii, 225
Freud, Sigmund, 194
“On Fetishism,” 269n
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, 269n
Frith, William Powell, Derby Day, 143
Frogmore, Windsor Park, 205
Frost, George, 126
Fruytiers, Philip, after Van Dyck, The Family of the Earl of Arundel, 56, 56
Fuller, S. & J., 181
Temple of Fancy of, xiii, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 141, 145
Fumerton, Patricia, 21
Funnell, Peter, 264n
Fuseli, Henry, 133, 143, 144
Gage, George, 56, 58
Gage, John, 263n, 265n
Gaines, Jane Μ., 252n
Gainsborough, Thomas, 77, 133, 177, 178, 260n
Jonathan Buttali: “The Blue Boy,” 63, 63
Galen (Cladius Galenus), 64
De simplicium medicamentorum . . . , 17
Galileo, 67
Gallery of the Miltonic Sublime, 133
Galton, Mary Anne (later Schimmelpennick), 201, 271n
Gambert, Ernest, 143
Gandee, B. E, The Artist
or, Young Ladies’ Instructor . . . , 158–9, 160title pagetitle page, 159
Transferring, 159
gardening, 104, 125, 214–15
landscape, 77, 90
The Gardener’s Magazine, 214
Gartside, Mary, 215, 217–24, 272n
An Essay on Light and Shade, on Colours and on Composition in General, 217–21, 217–21
An Essay on a New Theory of Colours . . . , 217
Ornamental Groups . . . , 217, 221, 223
Gatti, Oliviero, 42, 47, 177
Three Model Heads, 41
Gaultier, Jacques and Léonard, 20
genius, theories of artistic, 142–5, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 225
genre painting, 133, 143
Gent, Lucy, 19, 48
geology, 89, 206
geometry, geometric drawing, 17, 35, 37, 40, 43, 43, 45, 48, 50, 80, 121, 123, 225, 230, 231, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 241, 244, 245
George II, King, 79
George III, King, 106, 142, 153
Géricault, Théodore, The Raft of Medusa, 133
Gessner, Salomon, Letter on Landscape, 126
Gheeraerts the Younger, Marcus, Elizabeth I (“Ditchley Portrait”), 2, 30, 31, 79, 80
Sir Francis Drake, after, 20, 21
Gheyn, Jacques de, 67
Gifford, William, 107, 262n
Gilpin, Captain Bernard, 85, 102
The South East View of Rose Castle . . . , 83
Gilpin, Sawrey, 85, 104, 259–60n
Gilpin, Rev. William, 77, 78, 85, 90, 92, 93–6, 98–110, 114, 115, 116, 119, 125, 126, 166, 171, 236, 241, 244, 259n, 260n, 260n, 262n, 263n
“The Art of Sketching Landscape,” 95
Dialogue upon the Gardens . . . at Stowe, 104
Dialogues on Various Subjects, 104
Dumbarton Castle, 103, 103
“On Equality of Stations,” 112
Essay on Prints, 94
Landscape at Noon . . . , 120
Landscape under meridian Sun . . . , 120
Landscape View, 95, 96
Observations on the River Wye . . . , 93
View of Dinevawr Castle, 94, 95
View of Goodrich Castle, 94
View of Langor’s-pool . . . , 94, 95
Remarks on Forest Scenery, 111–12, 113, 114, 119
Three Essays on Picturesque Beauty, 95
Tour of the High-lands, 102–03
Tour of the Lakes, 106
Watefall, 109, 109
Western Tour, 106
Wye Tour, 106
Gilpin’s Day, 119, 120
Gilray, James, 261n
Giorgione, 6, 12
Giotto, 162, 244
Girtin, James and Gardon Anthony, trade card: R. Ackermann, 141
Girtin, Thomas, 100, 121, 129, 131, 133, 138–9, 141, 167, 173, Eidometropolis, 264n
Girton College, Cambridge, 226
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 218
goldsmiths, 19, 20, 21, 148, 251n
Goldsmiths’ Company, 20
Goldsmiths’ Hall, 20
Goltzius, Hendrick, 22
Gombrich, Ernst, Art and Illusion, 34–5
Gonzaga, Cesare, 7
Gonzaga family, Mantua, 3
Gore, William, 71
Gosson, Stephen, 27
Gower, George, 29
Grand Tour, 56, 90, 93, 102
Grandville, J.-J., 208
Sensitive, from Les Fleurs animées, 207
graphice (penmanship), 42, 45
see also penmanship; writing
“Gray’s glass”, 260n
Great Exhibition (1851), 232
Great Reform Bill (1832), 136
“grecian painting” (scratchboard), 159
Green Frog Service, Wedgwood’s, 152, 154
Greenaway, Kate, 226
Greenaway, Peter, 34, 73, 253n
Greenough, Horatio, 44
Grew, Nehemiah, The Anatomy of Plants, 68–9, 69
Grey, Lady Sophia, 217
Grimston, Thomas, 104
Grosvenor, Lord, 143
Guazzo, Stefano, Civil Conversation, 18
Guercino, Il (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri), 42
Guest, T. R., New Pocket Sketch Book . . . , 123
Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino, 3, 4, 12
Gurney, Catherine (née Bell), 197
Gurney, Elizabeth, 201, 202, 270n
Memoirs, 198, 270n
Gurney, Joseph John, 199, 201, 270n
Gurney, Kitty, 199, 201
Gurney, Louisa (Mrs. Samuel Hoare), xiii, 185, 196, 197–202, 209, 224
Friendly Advice on the Management and Education of Children, 201
Hints for the Improvement of Early Education . . . , 201–02
journals of, 197–201, 206, 224, 270–71n
Gurney, Priscilla, 198, 199, 201, 270n
Gurney, Rachel, 270n
Gurney, Richenda see Cunningham
Gurney, Samuel, 270n
Gurney of Earlham, John, 197, 201
Habermas, Jürgen, xii, 66, 224
“Modernism – An Incomplete Project,” xiv
Hamilton, Sir William, 152
Harcourt, Mary, Countess of, On the Rhine, 99
Hardie, Martin, 252n
Harding, James Duffield, no, 114, 117–18, 123, 180, 234, 241, 263n
Beech Forest, from Lessons on Trees, 117, 118
Elementary Art, 117, 117
Harding, Howell & Co., 139, 140
Harley, J. B., 80, 258n
Harrington, Mrs. Sarah, 163
Harris, John, Lexicon Technicum, 70
Harrison, Mary P, 21
Harrison, William, Description of England, 28
Hart, Miss B., 118
Tree in a Farmyard, 117
Hartley, Beryl, 263n
Hartley, David, 106
Hartley, Mary, 106
Hartlib, Samuel, 72
Harvey, William, 64, 67
Hassell, John, 134, 167
Aqua Pictura: Cadir Idris, 178, 179
Calcographia, 178
Hatton, Sir Christopher, 24, 39
Haydocke, Richard, 19, 25, 38
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, xiii, 127, 133–4, 142–4, 145. 176, 177, 178, 230, 231, 265n, 266n
Banishment of Aistides, 133
The Burning of Rome, 133
Christ’s Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, 133
Curtius, 143
Imperial Guard Musing at Waterloo, 143
Napoleon at St. Helena, 177
Hayter, Charles, An Introduction to Perspective . . . , 122, 267n
frontispiece and title page, 122, 123
Hayward, John Samuel, 178
Hazlitt, William, xiii, 127, 144–5, 176, 177, 178–80, 231, 235, 239, 240, 265–60
“On the Disadvantage of Intellectual Superiority,” 176
“On Vulgarity and Affectation,” 176
Hearn, Thomas, 114
Oak Trees, 114
Heckle, Augustus, 203
illustrations to The Florist, 203, 204
Heideloff, Nikolaus Von, Gallery of Fashion, 269n
Afternoon Dress, 183
Morning Dress, 184
Helgerson, Richard, 80, 254n
heliography, 273n
Helsinger, Elizabeth, 257n
Hemingway, Andrew, 257n, 270n
Henderson, John, Illustrated Bouquet, 213
Henneman, Nicholaas, and Talbot, William Fox, “Panorama view of the Reading Establishment,” 242
Henrietta Maria, Queen, 58
Henry VIII, King, 15, 16, 18, 21, 27, 37, 55
Henry, Prince of Wales (James I’s son), 33, 50, 56, 255n
Hentzner, Paul, 27, 28
heraldry, 51, 52
herbals, 25, 148, 204
Herbert, John Rogers, 230
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward, first Baron, 21
Palmer’s portrait of, 21
Herford, Laura, 226
Herrmann, Luke, 258n
Herschel, Sir John, 213, 213, 218, 224, 236
Higonett, Anne, 273n
Hilliard, Alice, 20
Hilliard, Nicholas, xiii, 19–26, 28, 31, 32, 37, 38–9, 45, 47, 60, 72, 251–2n
A Booke of Secrets . . . , 22
Elizabeth I (“Drake Jewel”), 20, 20, 21, 252n
Elizabeth I (as Stella Britannis), 2g, 29–30
miniatures of, 21
Self-Portrait, 19, 19–20
Treatise Concerning the Arte of Limning, xiii, 3–4, 21–6, 70, 251n, 253n
Unknown Lady, 28, 28–9
A Very proper treatise . . . , 22
Hilliard, Richard, 20
history painting, 54, 78, 132, 133, 134, 142–4, 177, 225, 230, 241
Hitchin College, Surrey, 226
Hoare, Richard Colt, On the River Elbe . . . , 89
“Select Views . . . ,” 90
title page, 88
Hoare, Samuel, 197, 200, 201
Hobbes, Thomas, 60
Hoby, Sir Thomas, 3, 14, 25, 26, 53
translation of Il Cortegiano by, 14–19
Hoefnagel, Jacob, 67
Hogarth, William, 133, 144, 145, 153–4
Analysis of Beauty, 126
The Harlot’s Progress, 154
The March to Finchley, 78
Perspectival Absurdities, 121, 122
Hogarth’s Law, 154, 177, 266n
Hogenberg, Johann, Quadrupedum ac Volatilium . . . , 67
Holbein, Hans, 22, 30, 31, 54, 55–6
Allegory of Passion, 56
Ann of Cleves, 55
Christine of Denmark, 55
Erasmus, 55
Family of Sir Thomas More, 56
Jane Seymour, 55
King Henry VIII, 55
paintings and drawings in Arundel collection, 55–6
Triumph of Poverty, 56
Triumph of Riches, 56
William Warham, 56
Holland, Compton, The Booke of the Art of Drawing, 39
Holland, earl of, 56
Hollar, Wenceslaus, 50, 71, 80, 81, 256n
Insects from Muscarum Scarabeorum, 54, 67, 68, 68
Homer, 15, 143
homosexuality, 12
homosocial desire, 12
Honnecourt, Villard de, Constructions, 35, 33, 37, 38, 45
Hooke, Robert, 66, 67, 70, 71, 80, 124, 204, 256n
Cork, 68, 69
A Louse on a Human Hair, 69, 69
Micrographia, 68–9, 256n
Horace, 60
Horenbout, Lucas, 21
Horticultural Society, 205
Houghton, Walter E., 45–6
House of Commons, 57, 63, 153
House of Lords, 142
Howard family, 55
see also Arundel, earl of
Howard, William, 50, 51
Howarth, David, 58, 255n
Howson, Rev. J. S., 234
Hughes, Anthony, 253n
Huguenots, 91
massacre of, 14
humanism, humanist learning, xi, 15, 16, 18, 25, 33, 78, 92, 190, 251n
Hume, David, 38
History of England, 133
Hunt, Robert, 242
Hunt, William Henry (“Birdsnest Hunt”), 221, 244, 272n
Primroses and Bird’s Nest, 223
Hutcheson, Francis, 58
Ibbetson, Julius Caesar, 141, 178
illumination, manuscript, 21
illusion, illusionism, xiii, 3–4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21, 25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 49, 58, 59–60, 70, 71, 72, 77, 123, 181, 246
Illustrated Bible, Macklin’s, 133
imagination, 91, 98, 99
imitation, 6, 27, 38, 45, 48, 50
industrial design, xiv, 226–7, 229, 235, 245
industrialism, x, xiv, 225, 229
inlaying, 159
Irigaray, Luce, 269n
Jacobite uprisings, 78–9, 80, 101, 102
James I, King, 24, 32, 50, 55, 56, 60, 80, 252n, 255n
Basilicon Down, 50
Book of Sports, 60
James II, King, 78, 79
Jameson, Anna, 225
“japan painting,” japanning, 159, 160
Jebb, Miss M. A., 210
Forget-me-nots, 210, 211
Mimosa, 210, 211
Jefferson, Thomas, 174, 195
Jenner, Thomas, A Book of the Art of Drawing (Albert Dürer Revived), 39, 47
Jervis, Simon, 264n
jewelry (gems), 24, 25, 28, 53, 56, 148
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 177
Jones, Inigo, 42, 46, 50, 53, 54, 56, 58, 255n
Costume for Atalanta, 46
Jones, Owen, 233
Jonson, Ben, 60
Discoveries, 27
To Penshurst, 60
Jordan, Caroline, 247n, 272n, 273n
Journal of Design and Manufactures, 232, 233, 233, 244
Julius II, Pope, 4
Junius, Franciscus, 39, 40, 45, 46–7, 53, 54, 58, 70, 92, 255n
Painting of the Ancients, 38, 58
Kames, Lord, 133, 261n
Elements of Criticism, 133
Kant, Immanuel, 8
Katharine of Aragón, 16
Kauffman, Angelica, 149–51, 154, 155, 157–8, 205, 224, 225, 266n
Beauty Directed by Prudence . . . , 149
Calypso, 151
Damon and Musidora, 157, 158
Maria, 150, 151, 157
Penelope, 151
Rinaldo and Armida, 151
Self-Portrait in the Guise of Imitatio, 148, 150
Keats, John, 143
Kemp, Martin, 259n, 262n, 264n, 272n
Kennion, Edward, 114, 115–16, 118, 119, 123, 241, 263n
An Essay on Trees in Landscapes, 112, 116–17
Ash, 116, 117, 119
Ash, seen at near distance, 119, 119
Oak, 116, 117
Oak and Ash Trees contrasted . . . , 119, 119
Kepler, Johann, 64
Kew Gardens, 205
Kingsley, Rev. Charles, 136
Politics for the People, 136
Kirby, Joshua, Dr. Brook Taylor’s Method of Perspective Made Easy, 121
Hogarth’s frontispiece (Perspectival Absurdities) to, 121, 122
Klein, Lawrence, 193
Klonk, Charlotte, 262n, 263–40
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 67
Knight, Richard Payne, 90
Knox, John, First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 26
Knyff, Leonard and Kip, Johannes, Britannia Illustrata, 81
Kramer, Jack, Women of Flowers, 272n
Kriz, Kay Dian, 141, 143–4, 265n
La Mottraye, Aubry de, Voyages en Asie et en Afrique, 208
La Tour, Charlotte de, Le Langage des fleurs, 208
Lacan, Jacques, 194, 268–90
Lackington Allen & Co., Temple of the Muses of, 127, 128, 140, 141
Lacock Abbey, 236, 239
Latticed Window at, 236, 237
Ladies’ Companion, 215
Ladies’ Magazine of Gardening, 215
lady’s albums, 146, 147
Lady’s Monthly Museum, magazine, 192–3
Lairesse, Gérard de, The Art of Painting, 126, 203
Lamb, Charles, 143
Lambert, George, 93
Lambert, Susan, 266n landscape, landscape drawing, ix, x, xiii, 48, 60, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77–126, 133, 134, 141, 145, 164, 165–74, 177, 178, 179, 226, 227, 232, 234, 253, 257n, 258n, 259n, 260n, 261n, 262n, 263–40, 267n
blot, 96–9, 104, 106, 180
classical, 91, 92, 93, 94, 99, 105, 106, 107, 108
naturalistic, 78, 106, 107–24, 125, 126, 168, 174, 180, 191, 263n
picturesque, x, 77, 78, 90, 93–6, 99–105, 106, 107
topographical, 78, 79–91, 92, 93, 101, 107, 108
Whig, 91, 101
landscape frame, 81, 101, 123
Landseer, John, 106
Langford, Paul, 101
language, 73, 247n, 262n
drawing as, 73
of flowers, 208–10, 224
universal language schemes, 72, 110
Laporte, John, 114
Characters of Trees . . . , 116
Sprays of Foliage, 115
Tree Trunks, 113
The Progress of a Watercoloured Drawing, 166–7, 167, 267–80
Various Subjects from Nature, 178
see also Wells and Laporte
Larpent, Anna, 191, 270n
Laud, William, archbishop of Canterbury, 57, 60, 61
Laudonnière, René, 65
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, Essays on Physiognomy, 126, 163, 265n
Lawrence, Mary, 205, 210, 215, 224, 272n
Common Provence Rose, 206
Sketches of Flowers from Nature, 272n
Le Clerc, Sebastian, Traité de géometrie, 121
Le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 65
Le Prince, Jean Baptiste, 259n
Lee, Sir Henry, 30
Legati, L. The Museum of Ferdinando Cospi, 32, 53
Leicester, Sir John, 136
Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of, 24
Leinster, Louisa Connolly, duchess of, 248n
Lely, Sir Peter, 67, 68
portrait of Capel sisters, 203
Lens II, Bernard, 85
Lens, Edward, 85, 88, 258n
Coastal Scene, 86
Figures, 86
Leonardo da Vinci, 6, 12, 40, 45
Designs for a Scythed Chariot, an Armored Car and Pike, 7, 7, 45
Leda and the Swan, 6
notebooks, 7, 97
Spray of Cranberry, 6, 7, 45
Leppert, Richard, 186, 269n
Lévi Strauss, Claude, 163
Leycester, Maria, 173
St. Martin, July 6th, 173
libraries, 127, 128, 138
life/figure drawing/painting, 40, 92, 230–31, 232, 234, 235, 254n
light effects (in landscape), 119–20, 121
limning, 3, 21, 21–3, 24, 25–6, 47, 48, 251n
Lindley, John, 213, 215
Ladies Botany, 213
Sertum Orchidaceae, 213
Linnaeus, Linnean classification, 64, 71, 204, 205–08
Lippincott, Louise, 265n
lithography, 117, 118, 134, 178, 231
Liu, Alan, 104
Llewelyn, J. D., 242
localism, 80, 81, 90, 92, 93, 94, 102, 121, 264n
Lock, Matthias, A New Book of Foliage for the Instruction of Young Artists, 148, 148
Locke, John, 78, 104, 107, 124, 168, 172, 190, 201, 257n, 262n
Essay concerning Human Understanding, 72–3
Some Thoughts concerning Education, 88, 172
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo, Trattato dell Arte de la Pittura, 19, 25, 37, 38–40, 48
London School of Design, 230
Loudon, Jane Webb, 214–15, 224
Instructions in Gardening for Ladies, 214, 215
The Lady’s Flower Garden of Ornamental Annuals, 215
The Lady’s Garden of Ornamental Bulbous Plants: The Tiger Flower, 214
The Mummy, 214
Loudon, John Claudius, 214, 215
Louis XVI, King of France, 107
Loyal Volunteers of London, 142
Lucian, Pharsalia, 60
Machell, Colonel Christopher, 99, 100
Lake View, 99
View with Two Figures, 99
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 27, 46
The Prince, 14
Maclan, Fanny, 225, 226
McKendrick, Neil, 152
Mackenzie, Fredrick, 129
Macklin, Thomas, 150
Illustrated Bible, 133
Poet’s Gallery, 133
Maintenon, Mme. de, 209
Malchair, John, 168, 170–71, 172
“Observations on Landskipp Drawing,” 170, 172
Broad Street, Oxford, 170
Study of a “Stone Pine,” 171
Malton, James, The Young Painter’s Maulstick, 121
Malton, Thomas, A Complete Treatise on Perspective . . . , 121, 123
manièra (style), 6, 42, 45, 46, 47, 71, 73, 110, 178
mannerists, 22, 46, 253n
Man’s coat, 205
Manskirsh, Franz Joseph, 163, title page from Ackermann’s New Drawing Book, 162, 162
Mantegna, Andrea, 6
Marlborough, fourth duke of, 185, 186
Cupid and Psyche, Roman gem of, 152
Martin, John, 134, 138
Belshazzar’s Feast, 136
Marx, Karl, 145
Mary, Queen of Scots, 26, 31, 103
Mary Tudor, Queen, 18, 20, 26
masculinity, xiii, 5, 8, 10, 11–12, 14, 25, 27, 49, 50, 62, 77, 78, 137, 176, 181, 187, 191, 250n, 269n
Mason, Henry, A New Art of Lying, 58
Mason, William, 106
mathematics, 39, 65, 66, 70, 80, 81, 84, 88, 121, 123
Maund, Benjamin, 213
The Botanic Garden, 213
The Botanist, 213
Maund sisters, illustrators, 213
Maurice, E D., 226
mechanical drawings/art, 67, 68, 229, 231, 232, 244
“mechanical paintings,” 150–52
Mechanics Institutes, women attending, 225, 226–7
Medici, Catherine de’, 14
Medici, Francesco I de’, Grand Duke, 52
Medici, Giuliano de’, “Il Magnifico”, 10
Medici, Queen Marie de’, 58
Meen, Margaret, 215
Exotic Plants from the Royal Gardens at Kew, 215
Melbourne, Lord, 230
Merrifield, Mary Philadelphia, 225
Metropolitan Police Office, Scotland Yard, 136
mezzotint, 96, 96, 149, 159
Michelangelo Buonnaroti, 6, 12, 40, 45, 56
microscope/microscopy, 64, 68–9, 124, 238, 256n
Mildmay, Sir Anthony, 24
military academies/schools, 83–5, 91, 233
military drawings/militarism, x, xiii, 6–7, 7, 16, 17, 49, 50, 78, 79–80, 81, 83–5, 105, 125
miniatures/miniature paintings, 20, 21–3, 25–6, 28, 29–30, 29, 47, 48, 251n, 252n
Mitchell, W. J. T, 261n
Monro, Dr., 178
Montagu, Mrs. Elizabeth, 151
Portman Square house of, 149, 151, 153, 155
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 209
The Female Traveller, 208
Turkish Embassy Letters, 208
Moore, Albert, 241
Moore, George, 232
More, Hannah, 105, 146, 168, 175, 191–2, 196, 197, 199, 202
“The White Slave Trade”, 192
More, Sir Thomas, 16, 58, 251n
Moriarty, Henrieta, Mary, 215
Viridarium, 207, 215
Morland, George, 110, 178
Mornay, Sir Robert, 66
Morris, David, 263n
Morris, William, 226, 235
Moser, George, 205
Moser, Mary, 205, 210, 224
Mixed Flowers in an Urn . . . , 205
Mr. Fargues’s Academy, Hoxton, handbill for, 90, 90–91
Mrs. Elizabeth Freake and Baby Mary, 31
Mulcaster, Richard, 45
Mulgrave, Lord, 84
Muller, Jeffery Μ., 252n
Munro, Jane, 247n, 259n, 265n
Murrell, Jim, 252n
Museum of St. George, Sheffield, 243
Mytens, Daniel, 50
Aletheia Talbot, Countess of Arundel, 54, 55
Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, 54, 55
Napier, John, 65
Napoleonic Wars, 84, 111, 123, 133, 136
Nashe, Thomas, Pierce Penniless his Supplication to the Devil, 14
National Gallery, 136
National School of Design, 226
Nattes, John Claude, Mrs. Bavizzetti’s Seminary at Great Grove House, 188, 189
Practical Geometry; or, An Introduction to Perspective, 122, 122
naturalism, xiii, 14, 64, 65, 67–9, 71–2, 73, 78, 106, 107–24, 125, 126, 168, 174, 180, 191, 234, 245, 263n
The Nature Store, US, 274n
Neagle, John, after Stothard, trade card: R. Collins, 161
needlework/embroidery, 145, 146–7, 148, 203–04
Nelson, Admiral Lord, funeral of, 142
neo-Platonism, 7–9, 10, 11–12, 23, 25, 34, 37, 38, 39, 49, 92
Neve, Richard, Arts Improvement, 70–71
The New Academy of Compliments, manual, 193
New Society of Painters in Water-Colour, 133
Newton, Sir Isaac, 64, 66, 123, 218, 224
Nicholson, Francis, 134, 136, 167
Nicolson, Marjorie, 69
Niépce, Joseph-Nicéphore, 230, 237, 273n
Nine Years War (1688–1697), 63
Noble, Thomas, Practical Perspective . . . , 122, 122, 126
Nochlin, Linda, 271n
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, duke of, 56
Norgate, Edward, 33, 47, 50, 252n, 254n
La Miniatura, 25–6
Northampton, earl of, 56
Northcote, James, 134, 143, 176–7
Northumberland, earl of, 24
oil painting, xii, 50, 141, 174, 211
Old Master paintings, xii, 32, 42, 44, 132, 186
Old Water-Colour Society see Society of Painters in Water-Colours
Oliver, Isaac, 46
Elizabeth I, 29, 29
Opie, John, 132
optics/optical instruments, 67, 69–70, 81, 123, 124, 217, 218–21, 256n
Ordnance Survey, founding of (1791), 80
“oriental tinting,” 159
Orme, Edward, 119
Owen, Samuel, 178
Oxford University, 226, 243
Queen’s College, 239
Pacioli, Fra Luca de, 43
Paine, Tom, 262n
The Rights of Man, 107
Palentino, Giovanni, 43
Pallavicino, Gaspare, 10–11, 12
Palmer, Sir James, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, 21
Palmer, Samuel, 263n
Panofsky, Erwin, 38
panoramas, 121, 133, 142, 178, 264n
paper, introduction to Western Europe of, xi–xii
Parliament, 57, 61, 63, 101, 142, 153
Parliamentarians, 60, 61, 62, 66, 68
Parmigianino, 46, 54, 56
Partly draped Figure (Justice) after, 46
Parsey, Arthur, 123–4
Perspective Rectified, 123–4
The Science of Vision; or, Natural Perspective, 124
Parshall, Peter, 71
Pasquin, Anthony, 154
Memoirs, 150
Passe, Crispijn de, Hortus Floridus, 67
patriotism, Ackermann’s, 141–2
patronage, xii–xiii, 20, 22, 24, 51, 53, 60, 128, 131, 136, 142, 143, 181, 226
government, 142, 144, 175, 177, 178
pattern books, 34, 148, 266n
Paulson, Ronald, 266n
Payne, William, 129, 178
Peacham, Henry, xiii, 35–7, 38, 45, 47–53, 56, 58, 62, 63, 70, 253
The Art of Drawing with a Pen, 33, 35, 126, 253n
The Art of Living in London, 51
Coach and Sedan, 51
The Compleat Gentleman, 36–7, 38, 63, 253n
title page, 49, 49–50, 51, 52
A Dialogue . . . , 51
The Duty of all True Subjects . . . , 51
The Gentleman’s Exercise, 33, 35–6, 37, 41, 47–9, 48, 50, 51, 52, 56, 57, 63, 253n
Construction of a Sun and Chalice, 36, 231
Graphice, 33, 253n
Minerva Britannia, 50
Peacham’s Construction of a Sun, 47
Scene from Shakespeare’sTitus Andromcus,” 50, 50
Shadowing, 48, 48
Square Caps into Round Heads, 51
Thalia’s Banquet, 51
Thestylis atrata, 51
The Truth of our Times, 51
Worth of a Penny, 51
Peacham, Henry, the Elder, 50
The Garden of Eloquence, 50
Peacock, John, 5
Pelham, Mary, 168
Pellatt & Green’s crystal and plate shop, 139, 140
Pembroke, earl of, 56
Pendred’s Dictionary of the Book Trade, 149
penmanship, 42–3, 45
see also graphice] writing
Pepys, Samuel, 46, 47, 85
perception/perceptualism, 73, 81, 118–19, 121, 123, 124, 125, 180, 234, 264n perspective, 25, 47, 48, 69, 80, 82, 111, 115, 121–4, 134, 138, 165, 232, 234, 240, 253n, 264n
Peterloo Massacre (1817), 136
Petherbridge, Deanna, 42
Petrarch, Francesco, 10, 46
Rime Sparse, 8
Pevsner, Nikolaus, 40
Phillips, John, 57
Phillips’s auction rooms, 136
photogenic drawing, 236, 237, 257, 238, 240, 241, 274n
“photogenic etching,” 273–4n
photograms, 163, 236, 237, 238, 239, 267n
photography, xiv, 21, 65, 81, 124, 229–30, 235–43, 245–6, 273–4n
calotypes, 237, 238, 241–2, 238–42, 274n
collodion negative, 242
cyanotypes, 213, 213–14, 238, 274n
infra-red, 239
Ruskin’s perception, 243, 244, 245, 246
“physionotrace” process, 163, 163
Pia, Emilia, 11, 12
picturesque, x, 77, 78, 90, 93–6, 99–105, 106, 107, 111, 114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 173, 178, 259n, 260n
Pigott, Charles, Political Dictionary, 261–2n
Pilon, Germain, 20
Pitt, William, 142, 262n
Plato, 64, The Republic, 25
Platonism, 37, 66, 231
see also neo-Platonism
The Pleasant Art of Money Catching, 193
Pliny, 160
Plumptre, James, 105, 260n
Pocock, J. G. A., 10, 193
Pocock, Nicholas, 85
Boy in a Door, 86
View of Revel, Capital of Esthonia, 86
Poet’s Gallery, 133
Pointon, Marcia, 209, 27 m politeness, 18, 33, 63, 77, 91, 176, 193
Polwhele, Rev., The Unsexed Female, 175
polygraphic art, 151–2
Pomian, Krzysztof, 52, 255n
Pomo logical Magazine, 213, 215
Pope, Alexander, 177, 194, 212
Pope, Clara Maria, 213, 224
illustrations to Curtis’s The Beauties of Flora, 212
Single White and Red Camellias, 212
Porter, Endymion, 56
portraiture, portraits, 23, 54, 33, 55–6, 92, 132, 142, 185–7
Elyot’s concept of, 16–17
miniatures, 20, 21–3, 25–6, 28–30
photographic, 242
of Queen Elizabeth, 29–30, 31–2
Van Dyck’s, 59–63
Poussin (Dughet), Gaspard, 90, 92, 93
Powis, Lucy, countess of, 272n
Poynter, Edward John, 235
Pratt, Anne, 214, 224
Flowering Plants of Great Britain, 214, 214
Wild Flowers, 214
pre-Raphaelites, 226, 244
Price, Robert, 168, 170
Price Uvedale, 168
printmaking/prints, xi–xii, 44, 44, 71, 106, 134, 142, 149, 150, 152, 166–7, 177–8, 238, 247n, 248n, 268
see also aquatint; engraving; etching; lithography; mezzotint
printsellers, print shops, 133, 143, 150, 153–4, 155, 177, 203
prismatic colour, 123, 217, 218–21
Proceedings of the Royal Society, 237
proportion, 25, 35, 38–40, 39, 41, 69, 110, 165, 253n
Protectorate, 26, 61, 63
Protestants, 3, 14, 22, 32, 33, 34, 57, 58, 65, 77, 104
Prout, Samuel, no, 117, 123, 129, 167, 180, 241
Microcosm, 123, 123
Prynne, William, 58
publishers, 131, 132, 134–5, 149–50
Pugin, August Welby, 129, 225, 233
Pugin, Augustus and Rowlandson, Thomas, Ackermann’s Repository of the Arts, 129
Christie’s Auction Rooms, 135, 135
Exhibition of the Royal Academy . . . , 134, 135
Exhibition of the Society of Painters in Water-Colours, 135, 135
Galleries at the British Institution, 135, 135
The Library in Ackermann’s Repository of the Arts, 128
Life Class at the Royal Academy, 134, 135
Messrs Harding, Howell & Co., 139
Mess. Lackington Allen & Co., Temple of the Muses, 128
Messrs Pellatt & Green, 139
Water-Colours, 135
Wedgwood & Byerley, York St., 155
Puritans, xiii, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 51, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66
Pyne, William Henry, Mills, 110
Quakers, 197, 199, 270n
Queen’s Closet Opened, manual, 193
Queen’s College, London, 226
Radcliffe, Ann, 189
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 24, 65
Raphael, 6, 12, 22, 25, 40, 44, 45, 46, 56
Baldassare Castiglione, 5, 12, 13
Cartoons, 126, 144
Rathgeb, Jacob, 27
Ray, John, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71–2, 204, 208
catalogue of British plants, 71
Historia Plantarum, 71–2
The Wisdom of God, 67
realism, 31, 34, 60, 71, 125, 133, 180, 239–40, 241, 243, 245
photographic, 239, 240, 241, 246
Redgrave, Richard, 232, 233, 234, 235, 244, 245
“Canons in Taste on Carpets, Paperhangings and Glass,” 233
Reeve, R., after Cox, Hastings Fishing Boats . . . 164
Storm, 164
Reformation, 18, 27, 51
Reid, Mrs., Bedford Square College of, 226
religious imagery, 57, 58
Rembrandt van Rhyn, 44, 142–3, 144, 145
Renaissance, x, xi, xii, xiii, 3–14, 17, 25, 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 64, 69, 78, 92, 144, 148, 152, 190, 225, 244
see also Castiglione, Il Cortegiano
Repository of the Arts (101, Strand), Ackermann’s, xiii, 127, 129, 133, 138–9, 140, 141, 144, 145, 175
advertisements: “Drawings let out to Copy . . . ,” 137
“Superfine Water Colours,” 138
fancy work, 127, 145, 146, 146
Gallery of Ancient and Modern Paintings and Drawings, 138
Library, 128, 138, 175
Trade card, 141, 141
Watercolour Gallery, 138, 139
Repository of the Arts (magazine), 127, 128, 132, 139, 140, 140, 145, 264n
advertisement, 139
“Conversations on the Arts,” 195–6
female readership, 140
Ladies Toilette, Fauteuil, Footstool, 140
Ornamental Papers, 146
Walking Dress, 140
Repton, Humphry, 77
resemblance, epistemology of, 37–8, 39, 44, 52, 53, 64, 72
Restoration, 58, 63, 66, 67, 80
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 108, 144, 152, 154, 176, 263n
Discourses, 126, 130
Ricci, Marco, 93
Rigaud, Jacques, views of Stowe garden, 81
Roberts, James, Introductory Lessons . . . , 171–2, 172
Robinson, Henry Peach, 241
Robinson, J. C., Teaching Elementary Drawing, 232
Robinson, William, Grammigraphia, 44
Roe, Sir Thomas, 56
Romano, Giovan Cristoforo, 5
Romano, Giulio, 56
Romney, George, 193
Caroline, Viscountess Clifton, and Lady Elizabeth Spencer, 185–7, 187, 188
Ronsard, Pierre de, 22
Rosa, Salvator, 44
Rosand, David, 254n
Roscoe, William, 207
Rose, Mark, 266n
Rosenblum, Robert, 267n
Roskill, Mark, 258n
Rosso, Fiorentino, 22
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 262n
Émile, 146, 167–8, 170–71, 172, 191, 261n
Lettres Elémentaires sur la Botanique, 206
social contract of, 193
Rowlandson, Thomas, 129
Elopement from a Boarding School, 190, 190
see also Pugin and Rowlandson
Roworth, Wendy Wassyng, 266n
Roy, William, 79, 82, 83
Royal Academy, 78, 98, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 150, 154, 160, 174, 178, 179, 181, 205, 212, 212, 215, 230, 235, 242
engravers excluded from, 154
exhibitions, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 144, 181
status of amateurs in, 130–31, 141
women excluded from, 224–5
Royal Academy Schools, 126, 132, 138, 226, 230–31
Life Class, 134, 135
Royal College of Physicians, 66
Royal Female School of Design, 225–6
Royal Institution, no, 237, 238
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 83, 84
Royal Military Surveyors and Draftsmen, 80
Royal Scottish Society of Arts, Edinburgh, 132
Royal Society, 26, 34, 58, 64, 65, 66–7, 68, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 110, 256n
Royalists, 61, 61, 63, 66
Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, 50, 53, 56
Rudolph II, Emperor, 67
Runge, Philip Otto, 262n
Rushout, Hon. Anne, 173
Caly berry from Field, 174
Menai Bridge, 174
Ruskin, John, xiv, 117, 126, 133, 180, 190–91, 225, 226, 229, 235, 242, 243–6
The Elements of Drawing, 243–4, 274n
The Elements of Perspective, 274n
The Laws of Fésole, 243, 244–5, 274n
Modern Painters, 243, 244
“Of the Queen’s Gardens,” 226
Seven Lamps of Architecture, 244
The Two Shields, 244–5, 245
Russell Institution, no
Ryland, W. W, 150
stipple engraving of Maria (after Kauffman), 150
Saccone, Eduardo, 5, 12
St. Martin’s Lane Academy, 82
Salamon, Linda Bradley, 21
Salisbury, earl of, 56
Salmon, William, Polygraphice, 71
Sandby, Paul, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 92, 93, 114, 258n, 259n
Lady Frances Scott and Lady Elliot, 81
Plan and View of Dumbarton Castle, 82–3, 83
A Sheet of the Fair Copy of the Military Survey of Scotland, 82, 82
Strath Tay with Aberfeldy Castle and Castle Menzies, 80, 83
View in Windsor Park, 76, 114, 114
Views of Dumbarton Castle, 102, 103
Sandby, Thomas, 79, 82, 257n
trade card of, 160, 161
Sanderson, William, Graphice, 26, 47, 54
Sandrart, Joachim, 54, 56
Sass’s Academy, 226
Saxton, Christopher, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 30, 79, 80
Sayer, Robert, 150, 215, 258n, 259n
Schoberl, Lrederick, 264n
Schools of Design, government, 229, 230, 231–2, 234–5, 242, 243, 244, 245, 264n, 273n
Schools of Practical Art, see Schools of Design, government
schools of the Commonwealth of St. George, Ruskin’s project, 243
science/scientific drawings, x, xii, xiii, 7, 17, 33–4, 40, 45, 64–73, 119, 125, 144–5, 204, 206, 262–3n, 264
see also anatomy; botany; optics
Scotland/Scots, 61, 102, 260n
Dumbarton Castle, 102, 103, 103
Lirst Bishop’s War (1638), 56
Gilpin’s “Tour of the Highlands,” 102–03
Jacobite uprisings, 78–9, 80, 101, 102
mapping/survey of the Highlands, 79, 82
Scott, Lady Lrances, 81
Scott, Harriet, Temple of Concord and Temple of Jupiter, Rome, 88
Scott, Samuel, 82, 259n
sculpture/statues, 4, 5, 53, 54, 33, 56
Seaton, Beverly, 209
Sedgwick, Eve, 12
Seiden, John, 54
Marmora Arundelliana, 54
Select Committee on Arts (1835), 230
sensation, landscape of, 78, 111–24, 125, 191
sense, landscape of, 78, 79–91 passim, 124, 125
sensibility, xi, xiii, 22, 23–4, 52, 101, 106, 113, 114, 124, 133, 177, 191, 206, 207, 225
landscape of, 78, 90, 91–105 passim, 106, 120, 124, 123, 264n Seven Years War (1756–63), 83, 103
Seven Years War in North America, 80
Sforza family/court, Milan, 3
Sforza, Ludovico, 7, 24
Sha, Richard, 247n
shadowing, 25, 30, 48, 48, 165, 218, 253n
Shadwell, Tom, The Virtuoso, 65
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, third earl of, 8, 58, 91, 100, 104, 154
Characteristicks, 91–2
“A Letter Concerning Design,” 92, 136
Shakespeare, William, 145
Peacham’s Scene from “Titus Andronicus,” 50, 50
Richard III, 40
Shakespeare Gallery, Boydell’s, 133, 143
Shapin, Steven, 34, 52, 66
Sharpe, Kevin, 33
Shee, Martin Archer, 142, 178
Shiff, Richard, 267n
Sidney, Sir Philip, 24
silhouette machines, 163, 163
sketching/sketchbooks, 106–07, 110, 133, 173, 199
Sketching clubs, x, 133, 264n
Sketching Society, 133, 178, 179
Sloan, Kim, 88, 247n, 257n, 258n, 259n, 260n, 268n
Smith, Adam, 143, 145, 152, 177
Theory of Moral Sentiments, 113–14, 177
Smith, John Thomas “Antiquity,” 126
Smith, John “Warwick,” after Hoare, Select Views, go: On the River Elbe . . . , 89
title page, 88
Smith, Robert, 123
Smith, Sir Thomas, De Republica Anglorum, 36
Society for the Study of Epic and Pastoral Design, 133
Society of Antiquaries, 82
Society of Arts, 78, 160, 163, 232
Society of British Artists, 133
art school, 226
Society of Engravers, 132
Society of Painters in Water-Colours/Old Water-Colour Society, 132, 133, 139, 188
exhibition, 135, 135
women’s participation in, 211
Solkin, David, 257n, 258n
Solomon, William, Polygraphice, 47
South Kensington Museum (now Victoria and Albert Museum), 235
Southampton, Fitzwilliam, earl of, 24, 56
Sowerby, Charlotte Caroline, 213
Sowerby, James, The Botanical Drawing Book: An Easy Introduction to Drawing Flowers . . . , 215–17
Corolla, 216
Pistillum, 215
Stamens, 215
Virginia spider wort, 216, 216
English Botany, 215
Spa Field Riots (1816), 136
Spectator, 91, 204
Speed, John, Theater of the Empire of Great Britain, 80
Spencer, Lady Elizabeth, 185–7, 187 Spilsbury, Jonathan, 89, 150
Spranger, Bartholomeus, 46
sprezzatura, concept of, 4, 5–6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 34, 59–60, 91
Stadier, J. C., 132
Stainton, Lindsay, 248n, 259n
Stallybrass, Peter, 11, 250n
standardization, 71–2, 153
Standring, Timothy J., 247n, 265n
Stanton, Domna, 137
Starker, John and Parker, George, Treatise of Japaning and Varnishing, 155
stationers and artists’ suppliers, 127, 128, 129–30, 131, 138, 139, 141, 145, 178, 184
see also Repository of the Arts
Stendhal (Henri Beyle), 136
Stothard, Thomas, trade card: R. Collins, 161
Stradano, Giovanni, Allegorical Drawing of the Academy, 40, 40, 41
Strong, Roy, 29, 252n
Stuart, Lord Bernard, 61
Stuart, Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, 78–9, 102
Stuart, James, duke of Lennox and Richmond, 61
Stuart, James “Athenian,” architect, 153
Stuart, James Edward, the Old Pretender, 79
Stuart, Lord John, 61
Stuart monarchy, 32, 50, 51, 56, 57, 59–60, 63, 65, 73, 78–9, 90
Stubbs, George, 152, 154
studiolo (art “gallery”), 52, 54
subjectivity, concept of, ix, xii, xiii, xiv, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 21, 27, 31, 34, 55, 180, 181, 247n
feminine, 184–5, 186–7, 188, 192, 193, 194, 268n
Suffolk, earl of, 56
Surrealists, xiv
Surrey, Henry Howard, earl of, 56
surveying, 80, 83, 84, 258n
Sussex, duke of, 142
Swete, Rev. John, sketchbook journal of, 99–100
Whatcombe, 99–100, 100
symmetry, 35, 38–9, 39
see also proportion
sympathy, 90, 113, 114
Talbot, William Henry Fox, xiv, 229, 230, 235–43, 244, 245, 246
bust of Patroclus, 239, 240, 273n, 274n
“Panorama View of the Reading Establishment,” 242, 248
The Pencil of Nature, 214, 238–41, 242, 274n
“The Hay stack,” 240, 240
“The Ladder,” 240, 241
“The Open Door,” 239, 239
“A Scene in a Library,” 238
Reading establishment of, 241, 242, 242
View towards Lecco, 236
taste, public, Hazlitt on, 144, 265n
Taverner, William, 92–3, 259n
taxonomies of natural objects 64, 65, 71–2, 125, 262n
Taylor, Brook, The New Principles of Linear Perspective, 121
Taylor, Jane, Rhymes for the Nursery, 168
teacher training colleges, 232, 234
telescopes, 69, 124, 256n
Temple of Fancy, S. & J. Fuller’s, xiii, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 141, 145
Temple of Flora, 133
Temple of the Muses, Lackington Allen & Co.’s, 127, 128, 140, 141
Templeton, Elizabeth, Lady, 154
Theobauld, Marjorie, 191
Therborn, Göran, 268n
Thewell, John, 132
Thomson, James, The Seasons, 92, 157
Thornton, Robert, Temple of Flora, 133, 262n
Tickner, Lisa, 248n
Tillemans, Peter, 81
Titian, 12, 46, 56
Tolnay, Charles de, xii
Tooke, Horne, Diversions of Purley, 262n
topography/topographical drawings, xiii, 68, 77, 78, 79, 79–91, 92, 93–4, 99, 101, 102, 104–05, 107, 108, 115, 121, 122–3, 259n
Tories, 90, 91, 101, 102
Tory, Geoffrey, 43
Totill, Richard, 22
tourism/touring, x, xiii, 15, 53–4, 77, 78, 99, 100, 106–07, 111, 125, 126, 259n
Grand Tour, 56, 90, 93, 102
see also Gilpin, Rev. William
Tournefort, J. Pitton de, 70
Transactions of the Horticultural Society, 213
transfer ware, 152, 153
“transferring” (decoupage), 159, 159, 160
Treason and Sedition Acts (1795), 107
Treaty of Xanten, 51
trees, 111–19, 262n
Tribby, Jay, 52
Trimmer, Mrs., 168
Tudor monarchy, xiii, 3, 4, 14–32, 33, 51, 55, 56, 80, 90, 251n
Turner, Dawson, 131, 160
Turner, J. M. W, 100, 121, 131, 133, 138, 139, 141, 167, 173, 243, 244, 272n
Liber Studiorum, 243
A Paddle-Steamer in a Storm, 175
Turner, Maria, Norwich Cathedral, 159–60, 160
Tyas, Robert, The Handbook of Heliography, 273n
The Language of Flowers, 208, 209–10
University of London, degrees awarded to women by, 226
Urbino, 3, 4, 6, 10–11, 12, 19
Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, 32, 50, 53, 54, 56, 61–3, 63, 67, 93
Charles I Hunting (Louvre portrait), 53, 59, 59–60, 61–2
The Family of the Earl of Arundel, after, 56, 56
The Five Children of Charles I, 63
Lord John and Lord Bernard Stuart, 61
Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, 61, 62
Varchi, Benedetto, 5
Varley, Cornelius, 129
Varley, John, 129, 133, 134, 138, 167, 272n
Cader Idris, after, 179
Vasari, Giorgio, 43, 45, 162, 249n
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters . . . , 5, 45
Vaughan, Robert, title page from Braithwait’s The English Gentleman, xvi, 62, 62
Vecchi, Orazio, 50
Venice, 42, 43
Vernet, Joseph, 98, 259n
Vertue, George, 153
Victoria, Queen, 226
Victorian age, xiv, 225–7, 229, 230–43
virtuosi/virtuosity, xiii, 33, 34, 45–7, 48, 49–50, 51–6, 58–9, 63, 64, 65–6, 70, 90, 134, 239, 254n
visual signs, 7, 73, no, 230
iconic signs, x, 44, 45
indexical signs, x, 45, 225, 274n
Vitruvius, Marcus, 38
Wakefield, Priscilla, 214
An Introduction to Botany . . . , 206, 206, 207
Walpole, Horace, 21, 105, 195
Anecdotes of Painting, 63
Walsingham, Sir Francis, 24
War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), 83
War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713), 83
Ward, James, 145
Warwick, countess of, 51
Warwick, Robert Rich, earl of, Van Dyck’s portrait of, 62
watercolors, ix, x, 47, 122, 127, 129, 132, 133, 134, 138, 138–9, 141, 165–7, 171, 174, 179, 234, 265n, 267n
transparent, 167, 172, 173–4
Watson, Colonel David, 79
Weber, Max, xiv
Wedgwood, Josiah, 89, 141, 152–3, 154–5, 160, 162, 163, 175, 179, 230, 236, 266n
jasper ware of, 152–3, 154, 155, 160, 162, 179, 180, 266, 267n
paint box, 180
Wedgwood, Thomas, 163
Wedgwood & Byerley’s showrooms, 140, 154, 155, 159
Wells, W F. and Laporte, John, A Collection of Prints . . . , 177, 178
West, Benjamin, 133, 142, 152, 154, 272n
Death of General Wolf 143
trade card: Mr. Sandby Jnr., 161
West, Thomas, 101
Westall, Richard, 129
Wheatley, Francis, 212
Whigs, 77, 90, 91, 101, 102, 195, 230, 231, 232, 260n
Whistler, James Abbott McNeill, 241
Nocturnes, 243
White, Edward, 22
White, John, 65
Whitehall Palace ceiling, 53
Wilkes, John, 260n
Wilkie, David, 133, 230
Chelsea Pensioners, 136
Wilkins, John, 66, 68, 69, no, 208
Essay towards a Real Character and Philosophical Language, 72
William III and Mary, King and Queen, 203
Wilson, Richard, 77, 90, 93
Wint, Peter de, 129, 138
Withers, Augusta Innes, 215
Wollaston, William Hyde, 125, 235
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 175
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 191, 192
Wolsey, Cardinal, 16, 251n
women/women artists, xiii, 250n, 264n
accomplishments of, 160, 183–227
beauty of, 7–8, 9, 10, 17, 23, 231
as consumers, xiii, 140, 141, 145–64, 175–7, 179–81, 186
decorative techniques, 145–60
education, 183, 189–92, 193, 195, 197, 202, 207, 225–7
in Elizabethan London, 27–9
fancy work, 145–8, 155, 160, 175
fashion, 127, 137, 140, 140
flower painting, xiii, 155–7, 202–24, 226, 271n, 272n
Louisa Gurney, 197–202
portrayal of court lady in II Cortegiano, 7–8, 10–12, 14, 17
Victorian, 225–7
working-class, 227
see also amateurs; femininity; feminism
Wood, Lucy, 267n
woodblock printing, xi, 50
woodcuts, xii, 24, 146
Wooton, Sir Henry, Elements of Architecture, 56
Worcester, earl of, 56
Wordsworth, William, 143, 145, 176
Descriptive Sketches, 105
Guide to the Lakes, 105
Lyrical Ballads, 263n
Prelude, 105
working-class culture, 227
Working Men’s College, London, 243
Woutneel, Jan, 252n
Wren, Sir Christopher, 34, 67, 68, 85
Wright, Joseph, 160, 195, 267n
The Corinthian Maid, 160, 161, 163
writing, x, 43, 44
analogy between drawing and, xiii, 42–5, 73
script styles, 43
see also graphice; penmanship
Wurtenberg, Frederick, duke of, 27
Wyatt, James, 152
Wyck, Thomas and Jan, 81
Zoffany, Johann, 195
Zuccari, Federico, L’Idea depittori . . . , 39