Save
Save chapter to my Bookmarks
Cite
Cite this chapter
Print this chapter
Share
Share a link to this chapter
Free
Index
Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Marilyn Jenkins-Madina
Description: Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250
Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250
Index
Author
Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Marilyn Jenkins-Madina
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 2001 Oleg Grabar, Elizabeth Ettinghausen, and Marilyn Jenkins-Madina
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-20123
View chapters with similar subject tags
Chapter images ()
Loading image navigation...
No image index could be found for this publication.
Close this Panel
Show previous images Show next images
Index
Numbers in italic refer to illustrations
Aachen palace church, 20
Abarquh tomb tower, 146
Abbasids, 10–11, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 78, 79, 83, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 101, 115, 117, 133, 161, 170, 200, 204, 210, 227, 233, 243, 250, 236, 295
architectural decoration, 57, 58
cities and palaces, 51–6
art of the object, 62, 65, 66, 67–72 passim
ʿAbd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Konyali, 258
ʿAbd al-Malik, caliph, 10, 15, 19, 20, 64, 95
ʿAbd al-Malik, artisan, 300
ʿAbd al-Mu’min ibn Muhammad, 263
ʿAbd al-Rahmann, 84
ʿAbd al-Rahman II, 83, 200
ʿAbd al-Rahman III, 83, 89, 95, 310n
ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Mu’awiya, 83
ʿAbdallah ibn al-Rabi, al-Amir, 63, 308n
Abhazia, Georgian palace complex, 296
ablaq technique, 231
Abu al-Ala al-Ma’arri, 133
Abu Ayyub Muhammad, 98
Abu Ibrahim Ahmad, 69, 71
Abu Ja’far Ahmad ibn Sulayman, 269
Abu Nuwas, 79
Abu Shama, 255
Abu Yazid, 63
Abu Yusuf Ya’qub al-Mansur, 280
Aden, 63, 63
‘Adud al-Dawla, 129
al-Afdal, 197
Afghanistan, 11, 105, 116, 117, 129, 134, 135, 150, 153, 159, 160, 163, 164, 167, 178, 183
Afyon, mosque, 234
Aghlabids, 11, 71, 83, 94, 98, 100, 101, 275, 318n
Ajmer, 165
Akhtamar, Church of the Holy Cross, 296, 296–7
‘Ala al-Din Kayqubad, 256
Aldrevandin, Magister, 253
Aleppo, 217, 223, 227, 261
citadel, 227, 230, 231, 233, 249
construction and decoration, 231
Firdaws madrasa, 22;, 227, 227
Firdaws mosque, 231, 232
Great Mosque, 255
madrasas, 225, 225–6, 227
market, 227
woodwork, 254, 255
Zahiriya madrasa, 225, 226
Alexander the Great, 7, 213, 296
Alfonso VIII of Castile, 300
Algeria, 83, 187, 188, 189, 189–90, 265, 269, 275
Algiers, Great Mosque, 269, 280
Ali, 10, 110, 145, 195, 215
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Warraq, 285
Ali ibn Yusuf, 280, 284
Almeria, textile production, 281
Almohads, 134, 135, 203, 269, 273, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286
Almoravids, 134, 269, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 300
Amajur, 75, 98
Amman, citadel, 36, 39
Anatolia (al-Rum), vii, 4, 134, 135, 139, 145, 154, 160, 170, 187, 196, 215, 217, 227, 232, 233–43, 244, 264, 265
architecture, 234–41, 264
book illumination, 258, 258, 262
caravanserai, 240, 240–1
ceramics, 250, 251–2, 251–2, 284
Christians in, 295–6
construction and decoration, 241–2
madrasas, 235–9
mausoleums, 239
mosques, 234–5
stucco decoration, 256, 256–7
woodwork, 255, 255–6, 256
al-Andalus/Andalusia see Spain
‘Anjar, 74
Ankara, Haci Hasan Mosque, 255
Antioch, 133
Georgian monastery near, 296
Anvari, 134
aquamaniles, 168, 16g, 170
arabesque, 66, 79, 120, 161, 172, 182, 213, 232, 233, 242, 244, 247, 249, 250, 255, 257, 258, 262, 273, 278, 283
Arabia, vii, 11, 109, 187, 264
pre-Islamic, 3–5
Arabian Nights, 56
architectural decoration, 15, 19, 50–1, 57–9, 90, 92, 101, 159–65, 171–2, 178, 232–3, 241–2, 252, 257, 272–4, 324–5n
glazed ceramic, 160, 171–2, 178, 251–2, 275., 275–7, 276, 284, 284, 296, 309n, 311n
see also painting and sculpture; stucco decoration
Ardistan, 160, 163
mihrab, 158, 161
mosque, 109, 139, 143, 155, 158, 161
Armenia, Armenian art, viii, 8, 87, 128, 134, 199, 213, 217, 218, 222, 239, 264, 295–6, 296–7
arq, 152
art of the book see bookbinding; illuminations manuscripts
art of the object, 57, 59–73, 91–8, 116–28, 165–80, 200–11, 243–57, 274–85, 291
Artuq Shah, 244, 246
Artuqids, 134, 244, 246, 255, 264, 296
Asad al-Iskandarani, 250
Ascalon, 190
Ashir palace, 288, 288–9
Asnaf, mosque of al-Abbas, 225
Assur, 70
astronomy, 129, 129
Aswan, cemetery, 195, 195
mashhad, 197, 198
atomism, 79
Avicenna (Ibn Sina), 105, 134
Ayyubids, 134, 135, 201, 215, 217, 222, 227, 231, 233, 243, 244, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 264, 322n
Azerbayjan, 134, 135, 139, 145, 146, 148, 160, 183, 239, 263
al-’Aziz, 201, 206, 209, 209
al-Azraqi, Akhbar al-Makkah, 3
Baalbek mosque, 305n
Baba Khatun mausoleum, 113
Babylon, 70
bacino/bacini, 202, 203, 206, 284, 302
Badis ibn al-Mansur, 285
Badr al-Din Lu’lu’, 134, 217, 222, 247
Badr al-Jamali, 134, 197, 199
Baeza, 281
Baghdad, 10, 11, 15, 36, 50, 51, 51–2, 52, 54, 55, 69, 71, 73, 76, 79, 80, 91, 94, 96, 97, 101, 125, 130, 133, 134, 135, 145, 187, 193, 264, 269, 281
Abbasid, 51–2, 54
architecture, 215–17
calligraphy, 76
Gate of the Talisman, 217, 249
Green Dome, 52, 52
al-Mansur mosque, 30, 52, 52
Mongols’
sack of (1258), 261
mosques, 30, 36, 52
Mustansiriya, 214–15, 215–16, 225, 249, 250
Suq al-Ghazi minaret, 261, 216
textiles, 243, 281
Tomb of Zubayda, 216
Bahnasa curtains, 73
Baku, 140, 150, 178
Balaguer fortified palace, 269
baldacchino, 243
Balis (now Meskene), 218
Balkh, 11, 105, 130, 145
Masjid-i Nuh Gunbadh
mosque, 108, 109
Banabhore mosque, 29
Bani Hud, 269
Banu Hilal, 275
Banu Sulaym, 275
Bari mausoleum, 299
Barsian mosque, 109, 139, 143, 158
Basra, 10, 11, 15, 20, 36, 69, 79, 93, 215, 319n
ceramics, 62, 62, 67, 68, 93, 205, 309n
metalwork, 63, 63
baths, 40, 41–2, 42, 43, 43, 56, 233
Bayad wa-Riyad, 287, 287–8
Bayana, 165
bayt al-salat, 306n
Beatus manuscript, 300, 302
Beirut, red glassware, 253
Benjamin of Tudela, 215
Berbers, 83, 134, 187, 189, 269, 274, 280, 281
Berchem, Max von, 145, 190
Beysehir mosque, 234
Bhadrésvar, 165
Bible, Hebrew, from Fustat, 293, 295
Biblia Hispalense, 300
Bidba (or Bidpai), 259
al-Biruni, 105, 319n
‘Blue Qur’an’, 98, 99, 101
Bohemond, 299
bookbinding, leather, 76, 76, 100, 100, 180, 180, 182, 263, 265, 285, 286, 286–7
Bougie (Bijava), 189, 277, 278, 283
bricks, brickwork, 116, 146, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 183, 218, 231, 241, 250, 264
Buddhism, Buddhists, 11, 129, 291, 301
building materials, 156, 231, 241
Bukhara, 105, 130, 139, 140, 150, 156, 158, 160
Kalayan minaret, 151, 152, 161
Magoki
Attari mosque, 312n
Samanid mausoleum, 110, 110–12, 113, 116, 146, 158
Buluggin ibn Ziri, 274
Burujird, mosque, 139
Busra, citadel, 230
madrasa, 225, 226, 227
mosque, 29, 223, 231
Buyids, 11, 105, 106, 115, 116, 129, 130, 134, 141
Cairo, vii, 10, 133, 190–6, 206
al-Aqmar Mosque, 196, 197, 199
al-Azhar Mosque, 191, 192, 192–3, 194, 195
Bab al-Nasr, 199, 199
citadel, 230, 231, 233
construction and decoration, 231
Dayr al-Banat, Coptic convent, 202
Fatimids in, 190–213 passim, 225, 274
Great Eastern Palace, 190
al-Hakim Mosque, 192–3, 193–5, 200
Ibn Tulun Mosque, 87, 193, 194, 213
al-Juyushi Mosque, 196, 197, 197, 198, 198, 199
libraries of Dar al-’Ilm, 212
madrasas, 225
mausoleum of the Abbasids, 227, 231, 233
Mosque of the Elephants, 197
mosques, 191, 192–7, 198, 199
Qarafa Mosque, 195
sack of Fatimid Treasures in, 291
al-Salih Tala’i Mosque, 197
tomb of al-Shafi’i, 227, 228, 231
walls, 199, 199
Western Palace, 190, 201, 203
see also Fustat
Cairo Geniza, 73, 208, 253, 281, 291, 319n
calligraphy/writing, viii, 6–7, 19, 63, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 92, 93, 97, 98, 120, 125, 128, 129, 162, 166, 181, 203, 212, 232, 251, 257, 264, 273, 282, 283, 285, 286, 293
cursive scripts, 76, 78
Kufic (angular) script, 292, 312n
Mustansiriyya, 264
New Style script, 285
Cappadocian art, 296
caravanserais, 37, 134, 153–4, 162, 222, 227, 231, 240–1, 264
Caspian Sea, 145, 165, 295
Caucasus, 125, 135, 139, 162, 178, 234
Central Asia, 8, 59, 79, 105, 134, 135, 139, 145, 146, 149, 152–3, 154, 157, 158, 159, 160, 178, 294, 302
Charlemagne, 301
China, Chinese, 135, 139, 154, 187, 212, 291, 294
ceramics, 70, 93, 118, 173, 294
glass, 122, 180, 302, 313n, 319n
Christians, Christian art, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 83, 101, 107, 118, 133, 135, 187, 217, 222, 243, 248, 264, 265, 281, 288, 291–302
Cilicia, 222
cisterns, 55
citadels, 227, 230–1, 233, 264
cloisonné technique, 282, 282, 296
coins, 45, 130, 244, 295
Arab-Sasanian, 64, 64–5
maravedi dinars, 300
Constantinople, 7, 258, 296–7
Mouchroutas palace, 296
copper-alloy, 62–3, 63, 64, 66, 66–7, 97, 97–8, 98, 123, 124, 125, 166, 166–70, 167–70, 171, 172
animal and bird sculpture, 97, 97–8, 210, 210;
aquamaniles, 168, 169, 170, 300, 301;
Bobrinski bucket, 167, 168, 183
Pisa griffin, 210, 210, 320n
Wade cup, 166, 167
Coptic Christians, Coptic art, 3, 7, 8, 25, 202, 209, 291–3, 202, 308n, 318n
Cordoba, 31, 83, 96, 100, 101, 133, 272, 273, 277, 280
domes, 85–6, 86, 87, 93
fountain, 97
Qur’an manuscripts, 285, 286;
Great Mosque, 82–6, 83–90, 89–90, 101, 193, 269
domes, 85–6, 86, 87, 93
maqsara, 82, 83, 84
mihrab, 84, 84, 85, 86, 89, 89, 90, 90, 93, 95
minbar, 280
San Esteban gate, 89
sculptured marble panels, 95
Villaviciosa Chapel, 84, 85, 87
Creswell, K.A.C., 24, 51, 57, 190, 199, 230
Crete, 282–3
Crusades, Crusaders, 187, 217, 222, 230, 254, 262–3, 264, 265, 299, 301
crypts, 148
Ctesiphon, 7
Cuenca, ivory work, 277
cuerda seca technique, 284
Damascus, 3, 10, 15, 20, 21, 91, 97, 134, 223, 227, 231, 248, 263, 309n
Adiliya, 225, 226, 228;
citadel, 227
dar al-hadith, 225, 226, 231
Great Mosque, 21, 22, 22–6, 23–5, 28, 37, 60, 61, 74, 76, 94, 193, 218
Hanbalite mosque, 223
al-Khadra palace, 36
madrasas, 225, 226, 227
Maydaniya, 233
Mosque of Repentance, 223
Nur al-Din’s hospital, 227, 229
palace of the Umayyads, 15
pottery, 250, 251
Damavend mausoleum, 146
Damghan, 140, 156, 160, 178
minaret, 151, 161
mosque, 106, 108, 116
tower tomb, 146, 146
Damietta, 209
dar al-hadith, 225, 226, 231
Darb Zubayda, 29
Dawud ibn Salama, 248
Daya-Khatun, 157
caravanserai, 154
Delhi, 164, 165
Qutb Minar ensemble, 164
manar of Qutb al-Din, 163, 164
mausoleum, 164
mosque, 162, 164
diatreta cups, 319n
Dihistan (Mashhad-i Misriyin) mosque, 145
dihqans, 115
Diocletian, 146
Dioskorides, 258
De materia medica, 259, 261
Divrik (Divrigi), 241
mosque and hospital, 233–4, 234–5, 239, 241–2
Diyar Mudar, 217
Diyar Rabi’a, 217
Diyarbakr, 217, 221
city walls, 222, 222, mosque, 218, 220
domes, 4, 46, 46, 85–7, 86, 93, 141, 142, 147, 157, 158–9, 182, 183, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 216, 218, 227, 231–2, 241, 272, 296
double, 158, 162
door fittings, copper-alloy, 244, 245, 283, 283
doors, wooden, decorated, 255, 255, 291–2, 292, 318n
Dunaysir (now Koçhisar), 134, 218, 219
Dura-Europos, 8
palace, 153
Edessa (now Urfa), 8, 218, 222
sanctuary of, 221
Egypt, 7, 10, 11, 21, 31, 33, 66, 67, 73, 79, 97, 109, 128, 133, 134, 135, 173, 187, 215, 221, 222, 225, 264
Ayyubid, 215, 217, 222, 264
Coptic Christians/art in, 291–3, 292, 318n
construction and decoration in, 231–3
Fatimid, 187, 190–213, 222, 223, 250, 251, 252, 264, 296–200, 274, 318n
glass, 206–9, 212, 319n
ivories, 203, 212
Mamluk, 232
mausoleums, 195, 195–6, 197–8, 227, 228, 233
metalwork, 210–11, 212
mosaics, 233
mosques, 21, 191, 192–7, 198, 199
pottery, 202, 203–6, 212, 250, 251, 252, 296–7, 318n
1060–1171: 196–200
textiles, 72, 72, 209–10, 212
Tulunids, 11, 59, 66, 128, 194, 200
woodwork, 200–3, 212
see also Aswan; Cairo; Fustat
enamel, 252, 252–3, 253, 296, 297
epigraphy, 231, 232, 241
Erzerum, Cifte Minareli madrasa, 235, 236, 236
Eskisehir, Sayid Ghazi tomb, 239
al-Fadl, 99
Fahraj mosque, 107
al-Farabi, 105, 134
Fars province, 139
Fatima, 285
Fatimids, Fatimid art, viii, 85, 91, 96, 97, 101, 110, 133, 134, 135, 173, 174, 187–213, 215, 217, 222, 223, 225, 233, 250, 251, 252, 254, 264, 265, 274, 275, 278, 282, 291, 292, 295, 299, 301, 318n, 320n
al-Faw excavations, 3
Fayyum, 62, 73
Ferdosi, 172
Shahnama, 11, 105, 134, 172, 175
Fez, 83, 272
Mosque of the Andalusians: minbar, 94, 94–5, 280
Qarawiyyin Mosque, 269, 272, 273, 273, 280, 283, 283
figural art, Muslim opposition to, 6, 8, 19, 26
filigree work, 171, 282
fire-temples, in, 293
floor coverings, 73, 73, 127, 127–8, 200
fortresses, 269
fountains, 97–8, 278, 278
Fustat, 10, 15, 21, 55, 67, 70, 72, 127, 127, 190, 190, 192, 205, 319n
Amr mosque, 31
Hebrew Bible from, 293, 295
mosque of Ibn Tulun, 30–1, 31, 32, 33, 36
Nilometer, 54, 55
wall painting from 198
see also Cairo
Gagik, 296
geometric decoration, geometry, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 75, 76, 79, 92, 94, 161, 167, 172, 181, 187, 199, 213, 232, 241, 242, 243, 251, 251, 255, 257, 264, 269, 272, 273, 280, 282, 285
Georgia, 8, 218, 264, 295, 296, 297
Ghassanids, 4–5
ghazi warriors, 234
Ghaznavids, 105, 123, 134, 153, 161, 163
Ghazni/Ghazna, 11, 116, 117, 134, 159, 162, 163
manar of Ma s‘ud, 130, 152, 152
palace, 153
Ghiyath al-Din, 150
Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw, 252–3
Ghorids, 134, 161, 163, 164
glass, 71–2, 178, 206–9, 252–4, 302, 311n, 319n
cut glass, 200, 206–7
Egyptian Fatimid, 206–9, 212, 319n
enamelled and/or gilded, 252, 252–3, 253
Hedwig glass, 301, 301
Iranian, 121, 122–3, 130, 313n
lustre-painted, 71, 72, 208, 209, 252, 309n, 319n
marvering and combing technique, 253, 254
mould-blown, 71, 72, 208
muhkam, 301
relief-cut, 178, 206, 206–7, 207, 319n
rock crystal, 200, 206–7, 207, 212, 319n
trailed thread/thread decorated, 71, 71–2, 178, 178, 180, 208
Venetian, 253
wheel-cutting, 178, 207, 207, 208
Godard, A., 109, 145, 158
gold, 65, 166, 171, 171, 200, 209, 210–11, 211, 248, 258, 282, 283–4, 283
Spanish diadem, 96–7, 97
Gospel books/codices, Coptic, 292, 292
Granada, 275, 277, 281
Alhambra, 275
Patio de
los Leones, 278, 278
granulation, 171, 282
Gulpaygan mosque, 109, 139
Gunbad-i Qabus, tower mausoleum, 113, 113, 115, 116, 146
Gurgan, 62, 62, 67, 281
habb, 249, 249, 257
hadith, 5, 10, 15
al-Hakam II, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 93, 95, 100, 280
al-Hakim, 200, 203
Hama, 20, 322n
Great Mosque, 21, 254
al-Hamadhani, 259
al-Hamdani, Antiquities of South Arabia, 4
Hammad ibn Buluggin, 275
Hammadids, 275–6, 278, 283
al-Hanafi, 216 haram, 4
al-Hariri, 134
Maqamat of, 259, 260, 261, 262, 292
al-Harith ibn Hammam, 259
Harran, 217, 218, 221, 222
Harun al-Rashid, 10, 53, 301
Hasan al-Qashani, 173
Hatra, 8
Hauran, 231
Hazara, mosque, 107, 108, 109
Herat, 11, 105, 130, 140, 167, 170, 183
Heron of Alexandria, 258
Herzfeld, Ernst, 51, 57, 59, 79, 145, 218
hijra, ix, 3, 7, 64, 73
al-Hirah, 4, 62, 67
Hisham, 10, 37, 84
Hisham II, 95, 97
Hisn Kayfa (now Hasankeyf), 217
hospitals, 227, 229, 234, 239–40
Husayn, 215
hypostyle mosques see mosques
Iberian peninsula see Spain
Ibn al-Ahnaf, 258
Ibn al-’Arabi, 288
Ibn Bakhtishu, 258, 261–2
Ibn al-Bawwab, 76, 78, 128, 182
Ibn Fadlan, 302
Ibn Hawkal, 73
Ibn al-Haytham, 288
Ibn Hazm, 288
Ibn Jubayr, 215
Ibn Khaldun, 274, 282, 285
Ibn Muqla, Abu ‘Ali Muhammad, 76, 79
Ibn al-Nadim, 73
The Fihrist, 73
Ibn Rushd, 288
Ibn Tulun, Ahmad, 31, 33, 55, 57
Ibn Tumart, 282
Ibn Ziri, Buluggin, 94
Ibn Zubayr, 211, 212
Ibrahim ibn Mawaliya, 247
Ibrahim of Bhadresvar, 165
al-Idrisi, 243
Idrisids, 83
Ifriqiya, 11, 55, 56, 79, 83, 85, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97–8, 101, 187, 189, 210, 212, 213, 269, 274, 275, 278, 286, 318n
ceramics, 93, 93, 204
Fatimids in, 187–8, 203, 275
fountains, 98
minbar, 94, 94–5
Zirids in, 274, 275
see also Qal‘at Beni-Hammad; Qayrawan
Ikhshidids, 11
illuminations/illustrations, manuscript/book, viii, 74, 75–6, 77, 98, 99, 129, 181–2, 182, 212, 212, 257, 257–63, 287, 287–8
Christian, 292, 292, 293, 293–4
Hebrew, 293
see also manuscripts
‘Imad al-Din Zangi, 252
imam, 5, 24, 56
Imam Dawr (or Dur) mausoleum, 216, 216–17
incense burners, 167, 293
India, 8, 105, 135, 139, 154, 163–5, 187, 200, 265, 301
inlaying, 67, 167, 168, 170, 171, 183, 212, 245–6, 247, 247, 248, 248, 264
Innsbruck plate, 296, 297
Iplikçi Mosque, 235
iqta, 133
Iran (Persia), 7, 8, 15, 20, 21, 22, 56, 70, 87, 105–30, 133, 134, 135, 139, 162, 165, 217, 225, 233, 242
ceramics, 116–21, 130, 160, 171–8, 183, 252, 284, 316n
construction, 154, 156, 157, 158
glass, 121, 122–3, 130
manuscripts, 128–9, 259, 262
mausoleums, 110–15, 116, 145–50, 221, 315n
metalwork, 123–5, 130, 166–71, 247, 294
mosques, 105–10, 139–45, 218
secular buildings, 115–16, 227
stucco decoration, 128, 171, 171
textiles, 165–6, 209, 243, 244
towers and minarets, 150–2
Iraq, vii, 4, 10, 11, 15, 20–1, 22, 24, 30–1, 36, 41, 42, 52, 66, 69, 70, 78, 79, 93, 105, 110, 117, 128, 133, 144, 187, 203, 213, 217, 231, 233, 248, 249, 256, 257, 264, 319n
Abbasids in, 30, 51, 78, 79, 125, 128, 130, 135, 215–17
palaces, 194
textiles, 64, 243
see also Baghdad; Basra, Samarra
Isfahan, vii, 78, 105, 128, 134, 150, 281
Great Mosque (Masjid-i Jomeh), 105, 105, 109, 138–9, 140–3, 140–3, 145, 154, 156, 157–8, 163
court, 140, 141, 140–1
domes, 141, 142, 157, 158–9, 160, 182
gate, 141, 143, 143
Jurjir Mosque, 115–16, 116, 128
Isfarayin, 170
Ismail ibn Ward, 247
Ismail the Samanid, tomb of, 110
ivories, 95, 95–6, 96, 101, 170, 202, 203, 211, 212, 276, 277, 278, 299, 300, 301, 308n
iwans, 52, 54, 56, 109, 140–1, 143, 144, 145, 149, 153, 154, 157, 160, 162, 183, 190, 215, 227, 236, 239
iwan-tomb, 239
Jabal Says, palace, 40
Jacobite Christians, 217
Jahiz, 79
Jalal al-Din Rumi, 134, 255
Masnavi of, 257–8, 258
Jam, 159, 160, 164
manar of Ghiyath al-Din, 150, 152, 152, 161, 162, 163
Jarash, 67
al-Jazari, 258
Jazira, 133, 170, 187, 199, 215, 217–22, 239, 242, 244, 250, 256, 257, 264
architecture, 217–22
book illustrations, 257, 258, 262, 264
Christian art in, 293, 294
metalwork, 244, 245, 246, 246, 247–9, 260, 264
mosques, 217–18, 218–20, 221
pottery, 249, 257, 262
sanctuaries and mausoleums, 221
Jazira ibn Umar (now Cizre), 217, 222
Ulu Cami, 246
Jerusalem, vii, 3, 20, 21, 24, 36, 133, 134, 190, 213
al-Aqsa mosque, 26, 28, 57, 61, 61, 71, 92, 194, 195, 233, 234, 275, 306n
citadel, 227, 230
Dome of the Rock, 3, 14, 15–20, 16–18, 24, 25, 26, 35, 50, 60, 60–1, 62, 63, 65, 67, 74, 79, 308n
Harum al-Shanf 16, 233
Jewish Temple, 20
madrasas, 225
mosaics, 233
mosques, 22, 28, 223
jewellery, 129, 200, 204, 311n
gold and silver, 65, 96, 125, 166, 171, 171, 282, 282–3
Jewish community/art, 83, 291, 293, 295
Jibal province, 139
Jibia, mosque of Arwa bint Ahmad, 224, 225
jihad, 254, 255
Jordan, 4, 20, 36, 39
al-Jurjani, 105
Kahla ma-Dimna, 259, 259, 261, 262
Karaman, imaret, 255
Kashan, ceramics, 173, 174, 177–8, 254, 262
kashi see tiles
Kayqubad ibn Kaykhusraw, 344
Kayseri, 241
Gevher Nesibe Hatun hospital, 239
Khuand Khatun complex (mosque, madrasa, tomb), 232, 234, 235
Sahibiya madrasa, 235
Saraj al-Din madrasa, 235
Kerbela, 215, 216
canopy tomb, 110
Kerman, mosque, 139
Khabur, 257
khangah, 150, 227
khan, 134, 241, 264
Khargird madrasa, 141
Kharput mosque, 218
Kharraqan, 158, 159, 160
mausoleum, 5, 146, 147–8, 163
khatib, 31, 197
al-Khawarnaq palace, 4
Khirbat al-Mafjar, 39, 40–1, 41, 42, 42–3, 43, 45, 46, 46–7, 47, 49, 49–50, 51, 65, 67, 74, 90
Khirbat al-Minya, 40, 41, 42, 50
Khirbat al-Tannur, 49
Khiva, 140
Khorezm, 159
Khorsabad, 70
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, 56, 59
Khurasan, 10, 11, 79, 105, 117, 119, 122, 127, 129, 130, 165, 167, 170
al-Khurasani, 96
Khusrau II, 64
Khusrawgird tower, 152
khutba, 5, 193
Khwarezmshahs, 135
Kievan Rus, 133
kitab al-Agham, 261, 262
Konya, 134, 240, 241, 247, 255, 257, 322n
Ala al-Din Mosque, 232, 234, 241
carpets, 127
Ince Minareli madrasa, 236, 237–9, 241
Karatay madrasa, 236, 237, 241, 263
manuscript illumination, 258, 258
pottery and tiles, 250, 251, 252, 252
Qilich Arslan palace, 252
Sircali madrasa, 235, 241, 252, 252, 316n
stone relief from citadel, 256, 257
Kubadabad palace, 240, 251, 252, 253
stucco cupboard from, 256, 256–7
Kufa, 10, 11, 15, 40, 41, 79, 215, 216
dar almiara, 36
mosque, 20, 20, 36, 305n
Kurds, 134, 135, 217, 244
lahwa, 41
Lakhmids, 4, 5
lamps, 62, 246, 246–7, 253, 323n
Lashkari Bazar, 116, 117, 140, 153, 159, 160
arch, 139
palace, 153, 153
Le Puy Cathedral façade, 300
leather, leatherwork, 180, 180, 286; see also book-binding
Lectionary of the Gospels, 293, 294
linen, 72, 72–3, 209, 209
Luxor, St Anthony’s chapel: painted ceiling, 292
madhhab, 10
Madina, 3, 5–6, 10, 15, 20, 24, 63, 73
House of the Prophet, 3, 5, 5–6, 7, 20, 21, 24, 28
mosque, 21, 22, 24
Madinat al-Zahra, 88, 89–90, 96, 97, 100, 189, 277, 311n, 318n
fountain, 97
marble doorjamb from Hall of ‘Abd al-Rahman, 91, 91–2
Madinat Siqilliyya (Palermo), 99, 100, 100
madrasa, 134–5, 145, 150, 215, 221, 225–7, 225–6, 231, 315n
Anatolian, 234, 235–9, 241
Maghrib, 70, 91, 97, 99, 203, 206, 210, 269, 274, 275, 277, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287–8, 325n
see also Algeria; Ifriqiya; Morocco; North Africa; Spain
Mahdiyva, 92, 302
mosque, 186, 187–8, 188, 193
palace, 187, 187
Mahmud of Ghazna, 11, 134, 163
majlis (hall), 52
Malaga, 281, 284, 285
Malatya mosque, 218
al-Malik al-Nasir II Salah al-Din Yusuf, 252
al-Malik al-Salih Ayyub, 248
al-Malik al-Salih ‘Imad al-Din Isma’il, 322n
Mamluks, Mamluk art, 16, 135, 201, 232, 252
al-Ma’mun, 19
Manafi al-Hayawan, 261–2
manar, 152, 152, 163, 164
see also minaret
al-Mansur, 10, 51, 52, 52, 62
al-Mansur, vizier, 84, 83, 95
manuscripts/books, ‘author portraits’, 260, 261
Bayad ma-Riyad, 287, 287–8
Beatus, 300, 302
belles-lettres, 258, 259–60, 261
Biblia Hispalense, 300
‘carpet pages’, 182, 182, 257, 257
Christian art, 293, 294
‘Early Abbasid’, 99, 99
frontispiece, 75–6, 260, 261, 261, 262, 264
al-Hariri’s Maqamat, 259, 260, 261, 262
hijazi, 73–4
Hebrew, 293
Kalila ma-Dimna, 259, 259, 261, 262
Masnavi of Jalal al-Din Rumi, 257–8, 258
‘New Style’, 99–100, 129, 181, 285
philosophical treatises, 258, 261
princely frontispiece, 262
Qur’anic, 73–8, 73–5, 77, 98–100, 98–100, 128, 128–9, 180, 181, 181, 183, 212, 257, 257–8, 285–7, 286, 291
al-Sufi’s treatise on fixed stars, 129, 129
technical and scientific texts, 258–9, 260, 261
marka wa-Gulshah, 262–3
see also bookbinding; calligraphy; illuminations
Manzikert, battle of, 134, 233
maqamat, 134, 259–60, 260, 261, 262, 264
al-Maqqari, 100, 243
al-Maqrizi, 190, 193, 318n
maqsura, 21, 31, 82, 83, 84, 141, 189, 254, 274, 274
Mar Banham church, 293, 293
Mar Mattai Monaster, 293
Maragha, Gunbad-i Qabud mausoleum, 148, 150, 160
‘red’ mausoleum, 148
maravedi dinars, 300
Mardin, 217
mosque, 218
Marib dam, 4
marquetry, 65, 65–6, 202, 202–3, 212, 280
Marrakesh, 285, 286
Almohad gate, 269
Badi Palace, 284
Kutubiyya mosque, 269, 273, 279, 280, 281, 283
minaret, 273
minbar, 279, 280, 285
Mosque of the Kasbah, 280
Qubbat al-Barudiyin, 269, 271, 272
martyria, 17, 112, 145, 198
marvering and combing technique, 253, 254
Marwan II, 62, 63, 64
Marwan ewer, 62–3, 63, 98
mashhad, 158, 197, 198, 200, 221, 221, 227
masjid see mosques
mausoleums, 56, 162, 163, 164, 215, 299
Anatolian, 236, 239
canopy, 110–13, 146, 148, 149, 196
Egyptian, 195, 195–6, 197–8, 227, 228, 233
Indian, 165
Iranian, 110–15, 116, 145–50, 151, 315n
Iraqi, 216
Jazira, 221
pishtaq, 149
tower, 113, 115, 146, 146, 148, 149
maydan, 55, 152
Mayyafariqin (now Silvan), 217
mosque, 218, 234
Mecca, 3, 4, 15, 73, 190
a’ba, 2, 3, 20, 26, 269, 304n
qibla, 5
pilgrimage to, 5
Mehne mausoleum, 149
Merida aqueduct, 89
Merv, 10, 11, 105, 116, 130, 134, 140, 145, 158, 160, 170, 313n
central walled city, 152
citadel, 152
governor’s palace, 152–3
mosque-mausoleum of Sanjar, 146, 148, 149, 157, 163
suburb, 152
Mesopotamia, 3, 134, 139, 152, 187, 199, 204, 209, 213, 231, 233, 275; see also Jazira
metalwork, 62–3, 63, 64, 66, 66–7, 122–4, 123–5, 130, 166–71, 172, 183, 210–11, 210–11, 212, 244–9, 264, 282–3, 294, 296, 297, 308n
casting, 171, 244
chasing, 167, 171, 212
decoration, 96–7, 167–71
inlaying, 67, 167, 168, 170, 183, 212, 245–6, 247, 247, 248, 248, 264, 320n
repousse technique, 96, 167, 171, 247; see also copper-alloy; gold; silver
Midrasids, 227
mihrab, 4, 6, 23, 24–5, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 57, 69, 90, 107, 109, 141, 158, 160, 161, 177, 183, 188, 192, 193, 194, 199, 218, 219, 221, 221, 227, 231, 232, 233, 235, 252, 254, 257, 269, 273, 305n
Cordoba Great Mosque, 84, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90
Qayrawan Great Mosque, 70, 71, 98
mina’i ware, 175, 252
minarets, 21–2, 28, 30, 32, 150, 151, 152, 152, 161, 162, 163, 193, 216, 216, 218, 218, 225, 235, 236, 269, 270, 273, 305n
mirrors, 245, 246
‘mirrors for princes’, 259
Monastir ribat, 56, 57
Mongols, Mongol invasions, 10, 115, 133, 135, 145, 163, 170, 182, 215, 217, 222, 233, 243, 252, 261, 296, 322n
Morocco, 83, 91, 94, 101, 134, 190, 277, 288
architecture, 269, 273
mosaics, 24, 25–6, 42, 42, 50, 90, 187, 195, 233
Anatolian, 241, 252, 252
al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, 194, 233
Damascus Great Mosque, 24, 25, 25–6
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 16, 17, 19, 26
Khirbat al-Mafjar, 42, 42–3
polychrome faience, 172, 316n
mosque, 3, 4, 5, 20–36, 53, 160, 291
Anatolian, 234–5
congregational (al-masjid al-jami), 20–2, 29, 52, 107, 109, 145, 150, 192, 196, 197, 217, 218, 219, 223, 234, 269, 270, 273, 275
court façade, 107
Eastern Islamic lands, 105–10, 139–45
Egyptian, 191, 192–7, 198, 199
hypostyle, 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 85, 89, 106, 107, 109, 140, 141, 143, 164, 188, 192, 193–4, 218, 223, 234, 269, 274
Indian, 162, 164, 165
Iranian, 105–10, 139–45, 218
Jazira, 217–18, 218–20, 221
9th-century, 30–6
North African, 187–8, 189, 269, 279, 280
7th- and 8th-century, 20–9
Spanish, 83–9, 269, 270
Syrian, 21, 22–6, 29, 223–5
Western Islamic lands, 83–91, 269
Mosul, 217, 221, 244, 293
Great Mosque, minaret, 217–18, 218
habb, 249, 249
Mashhad of Awn al-Din, 221, 221
metalwork, 247–9, 264
mihrab from, 221
Qara Saray, 222
textiles, 243
Mount Sinai Gospel book, 292
Mozarabic art, 299–300
Mshatta, 40, 40, 41, 51, 57, 67, 94, 153, 187, 189, 308n
carved stone triangles, 50, 50, 51, 65
Mu’awiyah, 10
Mudejar art and architecture, 300
al-Mughira, 95
Muhammad the Prophet, 3, 4, 5–6, 10, 15, 21
death of (632), 10, 73
House of, 3, 5, 5–6, 7, 20, 21, 24, 28
Night Journey to Masjid al-Aqsa, 15
Muhammad I, 100
Muhammad, Ghorid sultan, 164
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yasin, 128
Muhammad ibn Makki al-Zanjani, 146
al-Muhtadi, 59
al-Mu’izz, 96, 187, 213
al-Mu’izz al-Dawlah, 11
Mukhils ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Hindi, 258
muluk al-tawa’if (Taifa kings), 133, 277, 278, 282, 324–5n
al-Muqaddasi, 26, 190
muqarnas, 114, 115, 116, 130, 157, 158, 160, 162, 189, 198, 199, 200, 213, 216–17, 218, 231, 241, 269, 272, 272, 273, 296, 299
half- 218, 241
squinch, 157, 183, 198, 218, 231, 233
Murcia, 281, 285
castellejo of, 269
Muslim ibn al-Dahhan, 203
al-Musta’li, 209
al-Mustansir, 187, 200, 201, 212, 215
Mustansiriyya, 264
al-Mu’tasim, 54, 261
al-Mutawakkil, 10, 30
al-Mutazz, 59
al-Muti’, 209
Nabateans, 4
Najaf, 215, 216
canopy tomb, 110
Nakhichevan mausoleum, 148, 160
al-Nasir, 215, 217
Nasir-i Khosrow, 190, 209, 213
naskh, 78, 172, 176, 178
Nasr, Samanid prince, 110
Nasr ibn Ahmad, 130
Las Navas de Tolosa, 135
Nayin mosque, 107, 107, 115, 116, 128, 160
Nestorian Christians, 130, 217
niello decoration/inlay, 96, 122, 124, 125, 166, 171, 210, 211, 276, 277, 295
Niksar, Haci Cikinik tomb, 239
Niriz mosque, 109, 109
Nishapur, 11, 105, 115, 116, 130, 170
ceramics, 116–17, 118, 119, 125
glass, 121, 122, 313n, 319n
muqarnas, 114, 115, 198
silver amulet case, 125
stucco wall panels, 114, 115, 115, 116, 127, 128, 256
Nisibin, 257
Nizam al-Mulk, 134, 141, 145, 215
Nizami, 134, 172
North Africa, 7, 11, 22, 31, 33, 56, 100, 101, 133, 135, 187, 194, 195, 269–88 passim
architecture, 187–90, 268, 269–74
Fatimids in, 187–90, 274
Zirids in, 274; see also Algeria; Ifriqiya; Morocco
Nur al-Din, 217, 218, 225, 226, 227, 231
Nur al-Din Mahmud, 254, 255, 264
Omar Khayyam, 134, 159
opus sedile technique, 75
Ottoman Empire see Turkey
Palermo, Cappella Palatina, 190, 273, 298, 299, 320n
Cuba place, 297
S. Giovanni de Eremeti, 299
Ziza palace, 297, 299
Palestine, 10, 11, 19, 20, 26, 36, 42, 43, 54, 55, 62, 79, 133, 135, 187, 213, 215, 222, 264, 301; see also Jerusalem
Palmyra, 4, 8, 49
temple of Bel, relief, 4, 4
Panchatantra, 259
Panjikent, 59
Soghdian frescoes 112
paper, 74, 78, 128, 128–9, 285; see also manuscripts
Parthians, 68
Pazyryk (Siberia), 127
Persepolis, 130
Persia see Iran
Persian language, 105, 134, 162, 183, 265, 296
Persian literature/poetry, 105, 134, 183
Pisa, San Sisto Church: bacino, 202, 203
Pisa griffin, 210, 210, 302, 320n
pishtaq, 149, 150
Portugal, 91
‘post-Sasanian art’, 59, 294, 308n
pottery/ceramics, 116–21, 171–8, 172–8, 183, 249–52, 283–5, 302, 316–16n
Abbasid, 62, 67, 67–70, 72
Alhambra vases, 284
architectural decoration, 160, 171–2, 178, 251–2, 275, 275–7, 276, 284, 284, 286, 296, 309n, 311n, 325n
champlevé, 204, 204–5, 207, 319n
composite or stone-paste, 173
cuerda seca ware, 284
Egyptian, 202, 203–6, 212, 213, 250, 251, 252, 296–7, 318n
habb, 249, 249, 257
incised and/or carved, 173, 173, 205, 205–6, 252
Iranian, 116–21, 130, 160, 171–8, 183, 252, 262, 284, 316n
Kashan-style, 173, 174, 177–8, 254, 262
Kerbschnitt, 67, 67–8
lakabi, 206
large-scale miniature style, 175, 175
lustre-painted, 68–9, 69–70, 70, 71, 72, 117, 117, 172, 173, 174, 174–5, 177, 177, 178, 178, 179, 183, 202, 203–4, 204, 211, 212, 213, 249, 250, 250, 251, 251, 252, 258, 275, 275–6, 283–4, 284, 285, 292, 292–3, 299, 309n, 318n, 322n, 323n
minai ware, 175, 252
miniature style, 174–5
monumental style, 174
moulded and/or stamped green-glazed, 285, 285
‘Muharram’ bowls, 175, 175
North African, 189, 275, 275–6, 276
opaque white-glazed, 68, 68–70, 117, 205
silhouette ware, 173, 173–4, 176
sgraffito ware, 251, 285, 296, 323n
Spanish, 92, 92–3, 93, 277, 283–5, 325n
splash-decorated, 205, 205, 296, 323n
Syrian, 204, 205–6, 249, 250, 252, 258, 296, 323n
Tell Minis ware, 204, 205–6, 250–1, 252, 322n
Umayyad, 62, 62, 64, 67, 92
underglaze painted, 173, 176–7, 177, 251, 251, 252, 262, 323n
unglazed household vessels, 62, 62, 249; see also tiles
Preslay, Bulgaria, 296
Pseudo-Aristotle, 258
Pseudo-Galen, 258, 261, 262
Ptolemy, Almagest, 130
pyxis, ivory, 63, 63–4, 95, 95–6
Qabiha, 59
Qabus ibn Vashmgir, 113
Qa’id Abu Mansur Bukhtakin, 127
Qal’a Jabar, 222
Qal’a Najm, 222
Qal‘at Beni Hammad (or Qal’a of the Beni Hammad), 189, 189–90, 275–7, 283
Qasim ibn ‘Ali, 248
Qasr al-Hayr East, 28, 36–7, 37, 39, 41
Qasr al-Hayr West, 40, 42, 43, 43, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 61, 61, 71, 74, 90, 92, 189
Qasr al-Milh, 63
Qasr Hallabat mosque, 28
Qasr Kharana, 38, 39–40
Qayrawan, 10, 57, 89, 90, 95, 98, 188
Qur’an production, 285, 286
Great Mosque, 21, 33, 33–5, 35–6, 57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 98, 106, 193, 274–5
glazed and lustre-painted tiles, 68, 69, 69, 70, 71
library, 98–9, 99, 100
mihrab, 70, 71
minbar, 93, 94, 98, 280
qibla wall, 57
wood beams with painted decoration, 274–5, 275
wood maqsura, 274, 274–5, 278
Qazvin, 157, 162, 163
mosque, 139
qibla, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 57, 84, 107, 109, 115, 140, 141, 143, 158, 164, 188, 194, 197, 215, 218, 232, 235, 269
Qum, 105, 178
Quran, viii, 5, 6–7, 10, 15, 19, 26, 89
Amajur, 312n
‘Blue Qur’an’, 98, 99, 101
Ibn al-Bawwab, 76, 78, 128
Isfahan, 128, 128, 129
manuscripts, 73–8, 98–100, 128, 128–9, 181, 181, 183, 212, 257, 257–8, 285–7, 286, 291
Qarmatian, 258, 258
Qutb al-Din, 257
Qur’an stand, 255, 255
Qurva mosque, 139, 140
Qusayr Amra, 37, 40, 41, 41–2, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50
astronomical ceiling, 46, 46
bath paintings, 48–9, 48–9, 65
painting of the Six Kings, 45, 45
rabad, 152
Rabat, minaret, 273
mosque, 268, 269
Oudaia Gate, 269, 27
Raja’ ibn Haywch, 20
Ramla, cisterns, 55
mosaic floor, 26
Raqqa, 28, 36, 52–3, 58, 62, 217
Baghdad Gate, 222, 223
minaret, 218
Rasa’il Ikhman al-Safa’, 261
Al-Rashidun, 10
Ravenna, 20, 24
Rayy, 105, 115, 129, 162
mosque, 139
tomb tower, 146
al-Razi, 105
repoussé technique, 96, 167, 171, 247
ribat, 56, 150
Ribat Sharaf, 154, 154, 156, 157, 160
Ribat-i Malik, 153, 154
rock crystal, 200, 206–7, 207, 212, 319n
Roger of Sicily, 190, 297, 299, 320n
rugs and carpets see floor coverings
Rujm al-Kursi, 62
Rukn al-Dawla Abu Sulayman Dawud, 296
Rusafa, 4, 10, 40, 293, 295
Sabra al-Mansuriyya, 203, 204, 212, 274, 318n
throne room, 288, 288
Sadaqa ibn Yusuf, 278
Sadir palace, 4
Saffarids, 11, 105
Saint-Josse, textile, 126, 126–7, 301
Saladin (Salah al-Din), 187, 201, 222, 225, 227, 230, 233, 255
salat, 5
Saljuqs, 105, 109, 133, 134, 135, 143, 145, 160, 162, 165, 215, 222, 227
Anatolian, 215, 233–43, 244, 250–7 passim, 264
Great, 134, 140, 145
Samanids, 11, 105, 110–12, 115, 116, 117, 130, 133, 134, 146, 256
Samarqand, 10, 105, 115, 130
Afrasiyab, 115, 116, 130
ceramics, 116, 117, 119, 120, 125
Samarra, 15, 21, 30–1, 33, 36, 54, 54–6, 65, 67, 70, 79, 89, 90, 96, 97, 120, 129, 189, 194, 204, 211, 256, 274
al-Ashir palace, 87
Balkuwara palace, 55, 56
fresco paintings, 59, 59
Great Mosque, 27–8, 30, 36, 194
Imam Dur mausoleum, 216, 216–17
Istabulat palace, 55
Jawsaq al-Khaqani palace and Bab al-Amma’ gate, 55, 55–6, 59, 59
Mosque of Abu Dulaf, 29, 30–1, 33, 36
Mosque of Ibn Tulun, 57, 58
Qubba al-Sulaybiya, 56, 56
stucco decorations (Styles A, B and C), 57–9, 37–8, 66, 90, 94, 115, 128, 161, 200, 207, 254
tiles, 69–70, 72
San’a, Great Mosque, 29, 74, 225
Sangbast, mausoleum/tombs, 146, 156, 157, 157
Sanjar, 134, 146
Sanjar Shah, 252
Sarakhs, mausoleum, 149, 150
Sarha mosque, 223, 225
Sarvistan, Zoroastrian fire-temple, 293
Sasanian empire/art, 7, 8, 10, 15, 19, 20, 43, 45, 51, 52, 54, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 74, 87, 95, 112, 118, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 156, 165, 170, 243, 244, 262, 278, 293–4, 304n, 308n
Sayyidah Ruqqayah (mashhad), 197
Sedrata, 101, 324n
Seljuqs see Saljuqs
Semnan tower, 152
Serçe Umani shipwreck, 205, 207, 208, 209
Seville, 83, 277, 281
minaret, 269, 270, 273
mosques, 283, 286, 269
Mudejar architecture, 300
shahristan, 152
Shams al-Din Iltutmish, 164
Shanqa mosque, 29
shariah, 10, 11
Shi’ites, 10, 11, 56, 79, 105, 133, 134, 145, 187, 195, 200, 213, 215, 216
Shiraz, 105
mosque, 107, 139
shubbak, 190
Shuja’ ibn Man’a, 247
Sicily, 11, 91, 135, 212
Muslim, 83, 99, 100, 101
Norman, viii, 133, 187, 189, 190, 291, 297–9
siclilla, 190
silk, silk production, 72, 72, 164–3, 165–6, 209, 209, 212, 243, 244, 244, 280–1, 281–2, 282, 299, 299, 313n
silver, 65, 96, 96, 122–4, 123–5, 166, 166, 170, 170–1, 200, 210, 211, 246, 246, 247, 247, 248, 276, 277–8, 293–4, 295, 308n
Sin, 158
Sinjar, 217, 249, 257
al-Khan caravanserai, 222, 223
Siraf mosque, 28, 105, 106, 116
Sistan province, 123
Sivas, castle mosque, 235, 242, 242
façades, 241–2, 242
Gök madrasa, 235
Izzedin Keykavus hospital, 240
Soghdian art/culture, 8, 105, 112, 126, 130, 293, 294
Solomon, Prophet-King, 41, 52, 130
Solomon, metal worker, 300
Spain, 7, 11, 22, 91, 109, 133, 134, 135, 200, 203, 269–88 passim
architecture and architectural decoration, 83–91, 269–74, 277
art of the object, 91–8, 277–85
ceramics, 90, 92–3, 277, 283–5, 325n
Christian art in, 299–300
metalwork, 97, 97–8, 125
ivories, 95–6, 101, 204, 277
mosques, 83–9, 269, 270
Mozarabic art, 299–300
Mudejar art, 300
reconquista in, 134, 299, 300
taifa period, 92, 277, 31
in; textiles, 97, 101, 209, 281–2
Umayyads in, 83–101 passim, 133, 274, 277
window grilles, 92; see also Cordoba; Granada; Madinat al-Zahra; Seville, Toledo
squinch, 85, 157, 157, 183, 195, 198, 218, 241, 272
squinch-net, 157
stone carving, 43, 50, 90, 92, 199, 231, 241, 256, 257, 264, 278, 278, 296, 296–7
stucco decorations / sculpture, 43, 57–9, 61, 66, 90, 92, 94, 101, 107, 113, 114, 115, 115, 116, 128, 156, 160, 161, 161–2, 171, 171, 192, 193, 194, 195, 199, 213, 216, 222, 256, 256–7, 273, 275, 290, 291, 308n, 324n
al-Sufi, ‘Abd al-Rahman, 258, 261
Book of the Fixed Stars, 129, 129, 171
Sufism, 11, 133, 135, 145, 227, 234
Sulayman 62, 66
Sultan Han, 240,, 241, 241, 242, 243
Sunnism, Sunnis, 10, 11, 133, 134, 145, 187, 212, 215, 217, 225, 233, 248, 264, 269
Susa, 83
Sus (Sousse), 67
mosque, 105
rihat, 56
Syria, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 36, 41, 43, 52, 53, 54, 58, 78, 79, 85, 92, 95, 101, 130, 133, G34, 135, G45, 170, 173, 178, 187, 196, 206, 211, 213, 215, 217, 218, 221, 222, 234, 242, 249, 264, 265, 301
architecture, 223–33, 264
Christian art, 293
construction and decoration, 231–3, 241
Fatimid, 187, 204, 205–6, 222
glass, 206, 209, 252, 253
madrasas, 225–7, 235
mausoleums, 227
metalwork, 248, 248
mosques, 21, 22–6, 29, 223–5
manuscript illumination, 258
pottery, 204, 205–6, 249, 250, 252, 258, 296, 323n
Tell Minis ware, 204, 205–6, 250–1, 252, 322n
textiles, 243
Umayyad, 10, 15, 65, 78, 79
woodwork, 254, 255
Zangid and Ayyubid, 223–33, 248, 250; see also Damascus
al-Tabari, 305n
Tadzhikistan, 116, 129
Tahirids, 11, 105
Taj al-Mulk, 143
Takrit, 249
Talas, battle of, 10
Tanukhi, 79
Taq-i Bustan, rock reliefs, 64
textiles, 126
Tashkent, 130
school of, 159
Tell Minis ware, 204, 205–6, 250–1, 252, 322n
Terean, Mama Hatun mausoleum, 239
textiles, 20, 72, 72–3, 95, 97, 101, 125–8, 126, 165–6, 243, 281–2, 294, 295, 308n
brocaded lam-pas technique, 281
cotton, 165
Egyptian, 209–10, 212
Iranian, 165–6, 209, 243, 244
linen, 72, 72–3, 209, 209
qasab, 209
Norman Sicilian, 299, 299
reed mat, 73, 73
Spanish, 97, 101, 209, 281–2
tiraz, 64, 73, 97, 166, 171, 209–10, 282, 299, 308n
woollen, 63, 64, 72, 72–3, 165; see also silk
thulth, 78
Tiberias, 73, 320n
Tiflis, 296, 323n
tiles, ceramic, 57, 68, 69, 69–70, 72, 93, 93, 160, 172, 177, 177–8, 212, 251–2, 232, 254, 257, 275, 275–6, 283, 309n, 315n
cuerda seca, 284, 284; see also pottery
Tim, 157, 158
mausoleum, 112, 112–13, 116
Tinmal, mosque, 269, 270, 272, 275
tiraz, 64, 97, 166, 171, 209–10, 282, 299, 308n
Tirmidh, 163, palace, 153, 159, 160
stuccoes, 161, 161
Tlemcen mosque, 269, 273
Toledo, 83, 101, 277
Bab Mardum mosque
(later: Christo de la Luz), 87, 87, 101, 300
Ibn Shoshan synagogue (later: Santa Maria
la Blanca), 300
tombs see mausoleums
towers, 150–2, 199; see also mausoleums; minarets
Transoxiana, 11, 79, 105, 118, 129
‘tree of life’ motif, 61, 92, 94
Tulunids, 11, 59, 66, 128, 194, 200
Tunisia see Ifriqiya
Tur Abdin, 8
türbe see mausoleums
Turfan, 59
Turkestan, Chinese, 59
Turkey, Turks, Ottoman Empire, viii, 16, 105, 133, 134, 135, 145, 205, 217; see also Saljuqs
Turkic people/tribes, viii–ix, 8, 11, 59, 105, 130, 133, 134, 135, 244, 246, 260
Turkish language, 105
Turkmenistan, 10, 116, 129, 149
Tustar, Khuzistan, 165
Tyre, 75
Ukhaydir, palace of, 33, 53–4, 153, 187, 307n
‘Umar al-Murtada, 286
Umayyad, 3, 5, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 36, 52, 78–9, 83, 101, 125, 133, 188, 195, 200, 210, 218, 223, 273, 278, 286, 296, 306n, 308n
architectural decoration, 57, 58
art of the object, 59–65, 67, 91–8
cities and palace, 36–51
manuscripts, 73–4, 75
Spanish, 83–101 passim, 133, 274, 277, 278, 280
‘Uqba ibn Nafi, 33
Urgench mausoleum, 149
Uskaf-Bani-Junayd mosque, 28
Uzbekistan, 10, 116
Uzgend mausoleum, 149
Varakhsha, 59
Veil of St Anne, 301, 319n
Veramin, 178
Wadi al-Natrun, stucco decoration, 290, 291
al-Walid, 10, 20, 48, 61
mosques of, 22–6, 28, 29, 31
Warqa wa-Gulshah, 262, 262–3
Wasit, 10, 20, 319n
mosque, 28
palace, 36
wellheads, ceramic, 285, 285;
wheel-cutting technique, 178, 207, 207, 208
window grilles, 60, 61, 61, 92, 92, 94
wood carving, woodwork, 61, 61, 199, 200–3, 200–1, 204, 211, 212, 213, 231, 241, 254–6, 154–5, 281, 299
bevelled, 66, 66, 200, 201
carved panels, 64, 65, 65–6, 66, 201, 201, 202
marquetry, 65, 65–6, 202, 202–3, 280
minbars, 93–4, 94–5
writing see calligraphy
Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti, 261
Yahya ibn Umayya, 62
Yaqut al-Mustasimi, 264
Yazd (Yazd-i Kwast), Duvazde Imam tomb, 157, 157
mausoleum, 146
mosque, 107, 110, 139
Yazid ibn Salam, 20
Yemen, vii, 4, 5, 10, 11, 187, 215, 222–3, 225
Yusuf ibn Naghralla, palace of, 278
Zabid mosque, 225
al-Zahir Ghazi, 227
al-Zahrawi, 258
Zangids, 134, 215, 217, 222, 227, 231, 233, 244, 254, 257, 264
Zaragoza (Saragossa), 277
Aljaferia, 269, 272, 272–3, 274, 275
Zavareh, masjid-i Pamonar, mihrab, 160, 161
mosque, 139, 143–4, 144, 160
Zawi ibn Ziri, 275
Zirids, 189, 288, 274, 275, 278, 286, 302
Ziryab, singer, 83, 311n
Zivrik Han, 240, 241
ziyadas, 30
Zoroastrianism, 11, 115, 291, 293