Appendix

Vaughan, William

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Appendix

William Vaughan

German Romanticism and English Art

THIS APPENDIX has been restricted to publicly exhibited and published works, as it was felt that these would constitute a sufficiently complete group to form a basis for general inferences. This limitation has excluded a number of highly interesting projects—for example the Undine drawings and paintings of Fuseli and the...

Author

William Vaughan

PublisherPaul Mellon Centre

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-20849

Appendix

GERMAN LITERARY, MUSICAL, AND HISTORICAL SUBJECTS BY ENGLISH ARTISTS EXHIBITED OR PUBLISHED IN LONDON, 1815–60

THIS APPENDIX has been restricted to publicly exhibited and published works, as it was felt that these would constitute a sufficiently complete group to form a basis for general inferences. This limitation has excluded a number of highly interesting projects—for example the Undine drawings and paintings of Fuseli and the Walpurgis Night of Richard Dadd. References to such works, however, occur in Chapters I and V.

Figure A provides an analysis of the subject matter of works in London exhibitions. As can be seen, there was no sudden increase in the portrayal of German literary, musical and historical themes, although there is a discernible upsurge during the late 1830s. At no time did the number of subjects rival those drawn from English literature and history. On the other hand, the only other modern foreign literature and history to equal it in popularity was that of France (at the Royal Academy in 1840 six English, two German and two French literary themes were exhibited; in 1848 there were eleven English, one German and one French). More significant is the range of subject matter selected and their relative changes in fortune. From the table it can be seen that Goethe, after a slow start, became the undisputed favourite. His Faust, depicted thirty-five times, was by far the most popular theme. The next was La Motte Fouqué’s Undine, which was depicted twenty times. The only other literary subject to reach double figures was Gessner’s Death of Abel. This was on the wain, however, after its great popularity in the late eighteenth century; and indeed it was only used once as a source after 1837. It is surprising that Bürger’s Lenore, which remained a favourite with the reading public and which had been illustrated by Blake in the 1790s, should have been used so little as a pictorial source. The musical and historical themes present few surprises. ‘Lives of musicians’—especially Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven—were a recurring source. The most popular historical event was the Reformation. At almost all times the number of literary, musical and historical themes was greatly exceeded by the number of views of Germany. The overall figures for both are, respectively, 157 and 860. Again these figures are hardly surprising and are likely to approximate to the overall ratio of subject paintings to landscape. The most remarkable feature of this division—which is demonstrated in Figure B—is the preponderance of views of the Rhineland over views of other parts of Germany. Particularly striking is the sudden leap in the number of views of the Rhine in 1838. Although there were many publications in the 1830s that helped enhance the popularity of the Rhineland—such as Bulwer Lytton’s Pilgrims of the Rhine (1834), Mrs Jameson’s Visits and Sketches (1834) and Stanfield’s Travelling Sketches on the Rhine (1833)—there seems to be no reason why 1838 should have been the year for such a dramatic increase. The growth of views of other parts of Germany, on the other hand, follows the gentler expansion rate of the literary, musical and historical themes. For the most part these views were of southern German lands, in particular Bavaria, Saxony and Austria.

The overall growth in the number of works relating to Germany cannot simply be taken as an index of popularity. It also reflects a growth in the publishing world and in the number of exhibiting societies. In the case of the latter, the societies cited that were established during this period are: Society of British Artists (1824), New Society of Painters in Water-Colour (1832) and the National Institution (1853). Curiously, the establishment of these societies did not in themselves precipitate a rise in the overall number of German subjects.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN APPENDIX AND IN NOTES TO THE TEXT

BI	British Institution
E	Engraved by
M	Morgan, B. Q. A Critical Bibliography of German Literature in English Translation, 1481–1927, New York and London, 1965 (reprint of 1938 edn.)
NI	National Institution
NSPW	New Society of Painters in Water-Colour
RA	Royal Academy
SBA	Society of British Artists
SPW	Society of Painters in Water-Colour
+	Publication: illustrator’s name precedes that of author
⋆	Engraving after artist named.

1815
	Anon, (frontispiece), S. Gessner, The Death of Abel, Dean & Munday	(M: 2306)
	H. Corbould (frontispiece), Goethe, Sorrows of Werther, Lackington	(M: 2559)
1816
	Mrs Ansley, The Death of Abel, ‘Oh Abel! oh my son!’ (Gessner)	(RA: 339)
1817
	T. Fielding, The Death of Abel (Gessner)	(BI: 110)
	H. Fuseli, Chriemhild throwing herself on the body of Sivrit	(RA: 265)
	H. Fuseli, Sivrit . . . surprised by Trony	(RA: 304)
	H. Singleton, Adam and Eve discovering the dead body of Abel (Gessner)	(RA: 302)
1818
	Uwins (frontispiece & title page), S. Gessner, The Death of Abel, Walker	(M: 2307)
	Cruikshank (frontispiece), Goethe, The Sorrows of Werther, Dean & Munday	(M: 2562)
1819
	H. Singleton, Adam and Eve discovering the dead body of Abel	(BI: 130)
1820
	R. Freebairn, The Deluge (Gessner)	(RA: 1072)
	H. Fuseli, Chriemhild exposing the body of Siegfried	(RA: 131)
1821
	T. Wainewright, Subject from the Roman of ‘Undine’ (Chapter IV)	(RA: 582)
1822
	Anon.(12), Surprising Travels—Adventures of Baron Münchhausen, Jones	(M: 6563)
1823
	+ G. Cruikshank(12), M. M. Grimm, German Popular Stories, Baldwyn	(M: 3133)
	T. Wainewright, An attempt from the ‘Undine’ of De La Motte Fouqué (Chapter XIII)	(RA: 301)
	J. Wood, Adam and Eve lamenting over the dead body of Abel	(RA: 301)
1824
	+ G. Cruikshank, L.C.A. de Chamisso de Boncourt, Peter Schlemihl—from the German of La Motte Fouqué, Whittaker	(M: 1087)
	W. Ross, Die Minnesingerinn	(SBA: 202)
	J. Wood, Adam and Eve lamenting over the dead body of Abel	(BI: 189)
1825
	T. Cheeseman, From a German story	(SBA: 610)
	C. Heath, After Retzsch (Goethe, Faust)	(SBA: 581)
	T. Wainewright, First idea of a scene from Der Freischutz	(RA: 262)
	J. Wood, Adam and Eve lamenting over the dead body of Abel	(BI: 335)
1826
	S. W. Arnald, (?) Sketch for the Death of Abel (sculpture)	(RA: 1051)
	T. Cheeseman, From a German story	(SBA: 556)
	J. Johnson, Fairy scene (Wieland, Oberon)	(RA: 100)
	Miss E. Jones, (?) The Christian captive of Drachenfels	(BI: 29)
	E. G. Physick, Adam and Eve discovering the body of Abel	(RA: 1097)
1827
	A. Crowquill (ps.), W. F. von Kosewitz (ps.), Eccentric Tales
	T. von Holst, Witches hastening to the Harzgebirge	(RA: 604)
	F. Howard, Incantation (Weber, Oberon)	(RA: 361)
	E. G. Physick, Adam and Eve discovering the body of Abel	(SBA: 852)
	P. C. Wonder, Scene in Der Freischutz	(BI: 95)
1828
	T. von Holst, Faust and Margaret—Garden scene	(RA: 335)
	T. von Holst, Sketch for the Bohemian Legend of the Twelve Sleeping Virgins	(RA: 530)
1829
	J. Kendrick, Adam and Eve lamenting over the dead body of Abel (sculpture)	(SBA: 856)
1830
	Anon., The Remarkable Life of Dr Faustus, Mason	(M: A. 138)
	F. Howard, Weber’s overture to ‘Oberon’	(RA: 355)
1831
	R. Westall, Margaret at Church, tormented by the Evil One	(RA: I)
	R. Westall, Faust preparing to dance with the young witch at the festival in the Harz Mountains	(RA: 133)
	J. Wood, Adam and Eve lamenting over the dead body of Abel	(SBA: 352)
1832	Nil.
1833
	H. Fuseli, Scene from a German romance (S. B. A. Winter Loan Exhibition (25)—owner A. Watts)
	T. von Holst, Scene from Goethe’s Faust	(BI: 409)
	J. Zeitter, Carl Moor (Schiller, Robbers)	(SBA: 462)
1834
	+ Anon., W. Thoms, Lays & Legends of Germany, Cowie	(M: C. 537)
	+ A. Crowquill (ps.), Faust: A Serio-Comic Poem, King	(M: 2842)
	T. von Holst, The seducer (Goethe, Clavigo)	(RA: 467)
	T. von Holst, Faust in his study	(RA: 483)
1835
	J. R. Herbert, Margaret—‘My poor shattered reason’	(BI: 262)
1836
	J. Tenniel, The Minstrel—from a German romance of the fifteenth century	(SBA: 538)
1837
	W. Beattie, Adam and Eve lamenting the death of Abel	(BI: 450)
	W. H. Kearney, Luther’s conference with Cardinal Catejan	(NSPW: 138)
	Miss M. Pickersgill, Thekla at the tomb of the Piccolomini (Schiller, Wallenstein)	(RA: 588)
1838
	T. von Holst, The Dice—‘Umgebt ihn ihr Geister’	(SBA: 430)
	R. R. Mclan, Dietrich von Weiler a German knight of the confederacy called ‘Brothers of the Mace’, arming for the Faustrecht of Weinsberg, 1491	(SBA: 312)
	R. R. McIan, Scene from Götz von Berlichingen—Adela and Weislingen	(BI: 110)
	Mrs Seÿffarth, Gemile—Andronikos von Seyffarth	(SPW: 52)
1839
	S. Bendixen, Margareta (Goethe, Faust)	(SBA: 569)
	W. Bewick, Rudolph the Brave	(RA: 564)
	G. Cruickshank, M. M. Grimm, Gammer Grethel, Green	(M: 3134)
	J. Hollings, Margaret alone at her spinning wheel	(RA: 275)
	R. R. Mclan, Dietrich von Weder arming for the Faustrecht of Weinsberg, 1491	(BI: 364)
	J. B. Walsh, Itha von Toggenburg—from a German romance	(RA: 1098)
	H. Warren, From a German ballad	(NSPW: 283)
1840
	T. von Holst, Bettina, still in memory beams . . .	(BI: 11)
	T. M. Joy, Faust and Gretchen	(BI: 267)
	H. O’Neil, Margaret before the image of the Virgin	(RA: 376)
	P. F. Poole, Herman and Dorothea	(RA: 402)
	H. Warren, Der Goldschmidt	(NSPW: 294)
	H. Warren, Der König in Thule	(NSPW: 170)
1841
	F. Corbaux, Cousin Natalia’s Tale, Cundall	(M: C. 426)
	J. Lies, The Minstrel . . . trans. from a German MS. poem	(RA: 842)
	H. F. Oakes, Faust in meditation	(BI: 183)
	H. O’Neil, Thekla at the Grave of Max. Piccolomini (Schiller, Wallenstein)	(RA: 159)
	H. O’Neil, Maiden simplicity á la manière de Goethe . . . Margarete pfiücht eine sternblume	(BI: 169)
1842
	B. Jacker, Marguerite (Goethe, Faust)	(RA: 176)
	W. H. Kearney, Richard, coeur de lion, arrested at Berlin, A.D. 1192 (Hume, Vol. II)	(NSPW: 224)
	P. F. Poole, Margaret alone at her spinning wheel	(RA: 389)
	J. C. Zeitter, Wallenstein’s Camp (Schiller)	(SBA: 112)
1843
	Chr. Schmidt, The Red Breast and Other Tales, J. Burns	(M: 8307)
	A. E. Chalon, Undine (portrait of Lady C. Villiers)	(RA: 1013)
	Miss Gordon, Illustrations to Undine
	H. N. O’Neil, Margaret at her spinning wheel	(SBA: 86)
	H. Selous, F. de la Motte Fouqué, Sintram and his Companions, J. Burns
	J. M. W. Turner, The Opening of the Walhalla, 1842	(RA: 14)
	J. M. W. Turner, Light and Colour (Goethe, Theory)	(RA: 385)
	E. H. Wehnert, Martin Luther reading to his friends the manuscript of one of his pamphlets against the abuses of the Romish Church (M. Michelet, Memoirs de Luther)	(NSPW: 343)
1844
	Anon., Popular Tales, ]. Burns	(M: C. 457)
	R. S. Lauder, Undine	(RA: 367)
	D. Maclise, Scene from Undine (Chapter IX)	(RA: 277)
	R. McInnes, Luther listening to the sacred ballad	(RA: 558)
	J. C. Schetsky, Embarkation of the King of Prussia at Danzig 1st July 1842 . . . sketched on the spot	(RA: 587)
	H. C. Selous, et al., F. de la Motte Fouqué, Wild Love, Lumley	(M: 1658)
1845
	Anon., German Ballads, Songs, Etc., Lumley	(M: C. 153)
	Anon., M. M. Grimm (adapted), Unlucky John, Dean & Munday	(M: 3424)
	E. Corbould, F. de la Motte Fouqué, Minstrel Love, ]. Burns	(M: 1720)
	E. Corbould, F. de la Motte Fouqué, Thiodolf the Icelander, J. Burns	(M: 1686)
	J. Tenniel, F. de la Motte Fouqué, Undine, ]. Burns	(M: 1768)
1846
	Anon., F. de la Motte Fouqué, The Two Captains, Lumley	(M: 1685)
	J. E. Collins, Leonora—‘Alas for her that loveth’	(SBA: 352)
	R. Doyle, M. M. Grimm, The Fairy Ring, Murray	(M: 3135)
	T. Jones-Barker, Faust and Margaret (Goethe, Faust)	(BI: 456)
	W. Rimer, Scene from Undine—The mysterious discovery of Berthalda’s parentage	(BI: 282)
	E. H. Wehnert, Providential escape of Henry IV, Emperor of Germany	(NSPW: 210)
1847
	J. Absolon, Rustic courtship (Tales of the Black Forest)	(NSPW: 276)
	C. Jackson, Ginevra (Schiller)	(SBA: 16)
	R. J. Lewis, The death bed of Mozart (Holmes)	(RA: 182)
	R. J. Lewis, An incident in the life of Mozart (Holmes)	(RA: 1136)
	Miss J. Macleod, The Erl King (Goethe)	(BI: 331)
	D. Maclise, G. A. Bürger, Leonora, Longmans	(M: 865)
	H. Pickersgill, Faust in Margaret’s prison	(RA: 420)
	A.J. Woolmer, A pastoral (Schiller, trans. Bulwer)	(SBA: 399)
1848
	S. Bendixen, Scene from Goethe’s Faust—The friar claims for the church the trinkets given to Gretchen by Faust	(BI: 270)
	G. Cattermole, Scene from the story of Sintram	(SPW: 331)
	W. Deverell, Margaret in prison, visited by Faust	(RA: 601)
	W. C. T. Dobson, Undine von Ringstettin	(RA: 510)
	H. C. Selous, Sintram and his Companions, Lumley	(M: 1725)
1849
	W. C. T. Dobson, The Knight Huldbrand relating his adventure in the enchanted forest (Undine)	(RA: 803)
	K. A. Drake, The Bürger and Brighton Lenore	(M: 902)
	Jane S. Egerton, Margarete (Goethe, Faust)	(NSPW: 391)
	Miss M. Johnson, Ondine	(BI: 362)
	A. Ludovici, From the tragedy of Faust—scene in Auerbach’s cellar	(BI: 465)
	H. N. O’Neil, Mozart’s last moments (Holmes)	(RA: 488)
1850
	L. Blanc, Margaret fainting at mass	(RA: 885)
	H. C. Selous, ‘The first impression’—Gutenberg showing to his wife his first experiment in printing	(BI: 388)
	R. Thornburn, The Bride of Mecklenburg* (E:B. Eyles)
1851
	Anon., Goethe, The Sorrows of Werther, Chapman	(M: 2573)
	J. Hancock, Undine, the water spirit, arisen from the stream that encircles the grave of . . . Huldbrand (sculpture)	(RA: 1263)
	G. R. Healey, The Knight of Toggenburg (Schiller)	(RA: 116)
	G. R. Healey, Schiller’s Diver (trans. Bulwer)	(SBA: 492)
	T. Jones-Barker, The Meeting of Wellington and Blucher* (E:C. Lewis)
1852
	Anon., F. de la Motte Fouqué, Undine, Chapman	(M: 1772)
	G. Jones, John Sobieski entering Vienna	(RA: 955)
	S. A. Hart, The three inventors of printing—Gutenberg, Faust and Scheffer—examining and discussing the merits of Scheffer’s invention of moveable type	(RA: 206)
	Miss J. Macleod, The childhood of Haydn	(BI: 46)
	E. B. Morris, Luther burning the Pope’s Bull (D’Aubigny)	(BI: 504)
	F. N. Newenham, Margaret—‘My peace is gone’	(BI: 270)
	G. Pope, Huon and Rezia (Wieland, Oberon)	(BI: 53)
	T. Sampson, Undine—But an appearance from the opening of the fountain	(RA: 225)
1853
	Anon., Chr. Schmidt, Christmas Eve and Other Tales, Allman	(M: 8312)
	R. W. Buss, Luther’s call to the service of God	(RA: 272)
	E. H. Corbould, The decision by flower (Goethe, Faust)	(NSPW: 101)
	R. B. Davis, The wild huntsman—from the German	(RA: 1276)
	J. Hancock, Undine (medallion in marble)	(RA: 1459)
	A. Johnson, Melancthon (D’Aubigny)	(RA: 22)
	E. H. Wehnert, M. M. Grimm, Household Stories, Addey	(M: 3139)
	A. J. Woolmer, Titania imprisoned—from the German	(SBA: 401)
	F. Wyburd, An incident in the life of Luther	(NI: 23)
1854
	W. F. D’Almaine, Undine	(RA: 441)
	W. J. Grant, Legend of the first effort in printing—German merchant cutting figures on a tree (Dawn of the Reformation in Europe)	(RA: 502)
	W. J. Grant, The Requiem—The last hours of Mozart	(RA: 594)
	A. M. Howitt, Gretchen at the fountain	(NI: 28)
	A. Johnson, Melancthon (D’Aubigny)	(BI: 129)
	H. O’Neil, Scene from Faust—Margaret gathers a star-flower	(RA: 439)
	Miss E. Sharpe, The widowed lady Richildi—German story	(SPW: 92)
	C. A. du VA1, Luther burning the Pope’s Bull* (E:T.O. Barlow)
	H. Warren, Mein Vöglein	(NSPW: 68)
1855
	A. Crowquill (ps.), M. M. Grimm (et al.), Old Tales for the Young*, Routledge	(M: 3408)
	J. Franklin, F. de la Motte Fouqué, The Four Seasons
	E. Rowley, Charlotte and Werther	(NI: 13)
	W. B. Scott, Albert Dürer in Nuremberg	(NI: 263)
	G. Thompson, M. M. Grimm, Home Stories, Routledge	(M: 3142)
	T. Uwins, In a wood—Ferdinand Freiligarth	(RA: 10)
1856
	V. Bouvier, Marguerite (Goethe, Faust)	(SBA: 242)
	F. W. Burton, A tale—Beggars of Oberfranken	(SPW: 222)
	C. Keene, et al, H. W. Dulcken, The Book of German Songs, Ward	(M: C. 106)
	W. B. Kirk, Faust and Margaret (sculpture)	(RA: 1291)
	H. le Jeune, (?) Little Gretchen	(BI: 246)
	J. Morgan, Beethoven on his Journey to Vienna	(RA: 1050)
	A. Munro, Undine (marble sculpture)	(BI: 545)
	H. P. Parker, Innocent Love (Heine, Reisebilder)	(BI: 308)
	W. A. Smith, Undine	(NI: 457)
	Mrs H. Taylor, Margarete (Goethe, Faust)	(NI: 384)
1857
	Anon., Voices from the Greenwood, Bell	(M: A. 568)
	F. W. Burton, Faust’s first sight of Margaret	(SPW: 130)
	T. M. Joy, The Love Test—a German legend	(RA: 520)
	W. Kümpel, Margaret (Goethe, Faust)	(RA: 415)
	Mrs M. Robinson, Margaret and Lizzie (Goethe, Faust)	(RA: 151)
	F. Stone, (?) Margaret* (E:Simmons)
	F. Stone, Margaret—‘My peace is gone’	(RA: 190)
1858
	H. H. Armstead, Design for a medal to commemorate the marriage of Prince and Princess Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia	(RA: 1005)
	F. Danby, (?) Death of Abel	(RA: 290)
	S. B. Hallé, Margaret—‘My peace is gone’	(BI: 530)
	J. S. Hodges, Undine	(BI: 485)
	F. Leighton, The fisherman and the syren (Goethe)	(RA: 501)
	J. Morgan, Mozart’s last Chorus	(SBA: 115)
	A. Munro, Undine (marble sculpture)	(RA: 1255)
	J. Noble, It is said about this time Albert Dürer presented a fine picture to his friend Luther (D’Aubigny)	(SBA: 64)
	F. Wyburd, Luther’s Hymn* (E:F. Hunter)
1859
	+ Anon., F. de la Motte Fouqué, Undine, Bell	(M: 1776)
	+ A. Crowquill (ps.), The Travels and Surprising Adventures of Baron Münchausen, Trübner	(M: 6571)
	W. C. T. Dobson, Der Rosencranz	(RA: 316)
	C. F. Fuller, Undine	(RA: 1329)
	J. E. Hodgson, The German patriot’s wife in 1848	(RA: 540)
	Mrs E. M. Ward, An incident in the childhood of Frederick the Great of Prussia (Carlyle)	(RA: 30)
	D. W. Wingfield, Undine and Huldbrand	(RA: 675)
	F. Wyburd, Undine discovering herself to . . . Huldbrand	(RA: 666)
1860
	+ A. Crowquill, The Marvellous Adventures and Rare Conceits of Master Tyll Owlglass	(M: A. 80)
	W. C. T. Dobson, Die Heimkehr	(RA: 81)
	W. Field, Choristers feeding the poets of the air at the tomb of Walter von der Vogelweide	(RA: 160)
	G. E. Tuson, Handel composing the Harmonious Blacksmith	(SBA: 372)