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Index
Dell Upton
Description: Another City: Urban Life and Urban Spaces in the New American Republic
Another City: Urban Life and Urban Spaces in the New American Republic
Index
Author
Dell Upton
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 2008 by Dell Upton
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-21821
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Index
Illustration numbers appear in italics.
African Burial Ground (New York), 210
All Saints’ Day, 203–4, 240
parades, 203, 315
American Philosophical Society, 125, 167, 168
Arcades, shopping, 5, 147, 157
Burlington (London), 158
Lowther (London), 158
New York, 157
Providence, 163. See also Banks’s Arcade; Philadelphia Arcade
Archer, William, 201
Architecture, intellectual: history of, 10–15
and morals, 278
Armature, urban, 21, 28, 342n. 5
Arpent system, 32
Articulation, 134
Attali, Jacques, 81
Auburn State Prison, 244, 254–56, 258, 10.7, 10.8
head bath, 275, 10.22
initiation ritual, 259
silence in, 258, 260
uniforms, 267
whipping in, 272, 277
women in, 271
Auctions, 176, 328
Banks, Thomas, 163
Banks’s Arcade, 163–65, 172, 7.13, 7.14
Baroque (“grand manner”) urban planning, 118–19, 135
Barton, Edward H., 58, 227–28
and miasma theory, 56
Sanitary Map of New Orleans, 62–63, 3.1
Batture, 282, 284–94, 11.2, 11.3
Batture controversy, 284–93
“Donation of 1820,” 287
legal aspects, 284, 286, 287, 288–90
mob violence, 286–87, 292–93
Beaumont, Gustave de, 253, 254, 258, 259
Beck, Paul, Jr., 295–96, 303
Proposal, 295–96, 298–99, 305, 11.6
Bedbugs, 45
Bellmen, 46, 2.4
Bells, 46, 69
Bentham, Jeremy, 245, 251, 260, 268, 278
Biddle, Clement, 129
Bigelow, Jacob, 229, 239
Blackmar, Elizabeth, 318
Blacks: addressing whites, 79
African burial traditions, 208–9
barred from white-owned cemeteries, 224, 235, 239
counter-gentility, 99
dandies, 91, 100
and dress, 99–100, 5.2
and epidemic disease, 59–60
forms of address, 89
and French language, 72–73
and gentility, 90–91, 309
housing, New Orleans, 38
incompetent speech, 73
moral characteristics, 270
multilingualism, 73
names, 79
New Orleans population, 37, table 2, table 3
New York population, 37, table 2, table 3
in parades, 314
Philadelphia population, 37, table 2, table 3
Philadelphia residential districts, 25
in prison, 265–66, 269–70
speech, 73, 76, 78–79, 267
Blodget, Samuel, 133, 134
Blumin, Stuart M., 343n. 15
Body: and architecture, 277
borders, 94
boundaries, 94
counter-genteel, 97
genteel, 88, 90, 91, 96–97
ideal types, 87, 88, 90
image, 94–95
schema, 94–95
and selfhood, 95
territoriality, 94
Body, dead: beliefs about, 209
fear of, 226–27
security of, 207, 210, 212, 218–19, 224, 231, 234, 237
and selfhood, 225–26
sentimentalization of, 209–10, 225
theft of, 212
Bookkeeping, 127–28; 180–81, 183–84
Boston: Common, 326
destruction of Trimountain, 140–41, 6.6
street plan, 120–21
Bowery boy (type), 99, 327, 5.10
Bowery Boys (gang), 99
Bradbury, Charles W., 217
Braithwaite, Anna B., 77–78
Bridport, George, 329
Brown, Charles Brockden, 121
Brown, David Paul, 75–76
Brown, Thaddeus, 295, 298
Browne, Peter A., 166–68, 170, 171, 172, 174, 181
and Pagoda Gardens, 165
and Philadelphia Arcade, 145, 158, 163, 181
urban systematizer, 166
Bryant, William Cullen, 225, 231
Bulfinch, Charles, 140, 245, 253, 296
and Treasury Building, 197, 299
Bulk (bay) windows, 151–53
Burd, Edward Shippen, 165, 170, 171, 325
Burial, premature, 226–27
Burke, Edmund, 66
Butler, Benjamin F., 49, 63
Gen. Order No. 28 (“Woman Order”), 321–22, 12.3
Cabs, 324–25
Caldwell, James H., 172
Campbell, R., 180
Carey, Mathew, 55, 58, 60, 244
Carpenters’ Company of the City and County of Philadelphia, 26, 1.5
Carson, Anne, 77
Cemeteries: Boston, 210, 212
and city, 221, 225
and epidemics, 57, 228
family plots, 219–21
gravemarkers, 220–21
intramural, 210, 228
and miasma, 227
New York City, 210
as property, 218–19, 225, 234–35
reformed, 203, 205, 212–15, 228–29
removals, 210–12
rural, 205, 229–41
and systematic city, 221
traditional, 205–10
as urban places, 221. See also names of individual cemeteries; New Orleans; Philadelphia
Chambers, William, 194
Chandler, Alfred D., 184
Charleston, S.C., 139, 316
Child, Lydia Maria, 76
Cholera, 56
Cigars, 55, 99, 306, 308, 327, 328
Civic celebrations, 310–16
Civilization, 1, 2, 7
Claiborne, William C. C., 33, 284, 286, 288
Clapp, Theodore, 54, 240
Classification: natural history, 130
in republican spatial imagination, 134
and separation, 136
urban, 135, 336
Clay, Edward W., Philadelphia Fashions, 1837, 100, 104, 5.2
Promenade in Washington Square, 96, 5.8
The Smokers, 93, 207–10, 316, 326, 12.1
Cmiel, Kenneth, 74
Coates, Benjamin, 276
Cohen, Anthony, 2, 94
Cohen, Patricia Cline, 129
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 122
Communitas, 312–13
Community, urban, 288, 289
Competency, 174–75
Competitive landscape, 178–79
Constitution: bodily, 55
epidemic, 57
moral, 55
political, 55
Consumption, 335
and selfhood, 157
Contagion, 57–58
moral, 256
Convicts, 259–60, 267–70, 271, 275
Cook, Joseph, 28
Cope, Thomas Pym: on Boston street pattern, 121
business losses, 174
contemplates suicide, 174
on New York street pattern, 120
on premature burial, 227
on smoking, 306
on women’s speech, 78, 80
Corporation Pie, 42
Corridors, double-loaded, 187
Costume. See Dress
Countinghouses, 181, 8.1, 8.2
Cries, vendors’, 48, 67–68
Cries of Philadelphia, 67
Crime, 256–57
Criminality: among blacks, 269–70
among poor, 325–26
as disease, 256–57, 262
Cultural landscape, 10, 14
Dakin, James, 4
Dandies, 91, 100, 266, 5.4
Dargo, George, 288, 290, 291
Dearborn, H. A. S., 229
Death, 208, 225–26
Derbigny, Pierre, 288
Desks, 182, 8.3
Dickens, Charles: on Philadelphia plan, 120, 137,
on prison life, 258, 260, 266
Dilworth, Thomas, 183–84
Disease, 55–56, 58–61
and crime, 256–57, 262
Dix, Dorothea, 270, 275
Dixon, 79
Domesticity, 316–18, 323
Dorgenois, Le Breton, 287
Dorsey, John, 133, 137
Downing, Andrew Jackson, 229, 230, 235–26
Dress, 87–91, 99
blacks’, 99–100
convicts’, 267–68
Native American, 100–1, 5.11, pl. 6
Drinker, Elizabeth, 25, 69, 86
and nocturnal noises, 64, 65, 81
on cemetery removal, 211–12
residence, 22–23
sense of self, 52
Drinker, Henry, 22–23, 211–12
Drumming (sales technique), 175–76
Du Ponceau, Peter S., 185, 291
Durand, J. N. L., 196
Dwight, Timothy, 19–20, 120, 219–20, 228
Eastern State Penitentiary, 29, 166, 242, 244, 245, 246–47, 249, 251, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.10; pl. 12
architecture’s role, 262–63
cell size, 249
critics, 246
deaths, 275
gag, 265–76, 10.17, 10.18
and grid, 246, 248
heating, 271
impetus, 245
investigation of, 275–76
labor, 257
mad chair, 275, 10.19
and panopticon, 261
plumbing, 263, 10.12
strait jacket, 275, 10.20
showering, 275
silence, 258
solitary confinement, 255–56, 257
surveillance (“inspection”), 260, 10.11
torture, 275–77
and Walnut Street Jail, 249
women, 270
Economic theories, 127–29
Economy, as system, 128, 180
Eddy, Thomas, 244, 245, 253–55, 260
Edwards, Madaline Selima, 204, 213, 225, 227, 240–41, 319
Elkinton, John A., 237, 239
Elliot, William Parker, 202
Elmes, James, 166
Ely, John, 337
Emlen, George, 170
Epidemics, 56–63, 295
Erie Canal, 310
Ethics, business, 173–76
Ethnic conflict, 172, 291–92
Evans, Elizabeth, 78, 80
Family tombs. See Mausoleums
Fashion, 97
Faubourg Marigny, 32
Faubourg Ste-Marie, 32
Faubourg Tremé, 32
Ferry, Irad, 239
Fire companies, 328
Firemen, 313
Fireproof construction, 192–93
Five Points (New York), 161, 311, 327
Flash language (cant; the patter), 70–71, 257
Fouché, Felicité, 100
Fours (New Orleans tombs), 214, 216–17, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12
Fourth of July, 314–15
Franklin, Benjamin, 127
Friends’ Asylum (Philadelphia), 29, 5
torture, 276
Gag, iron, 270, 275–76
Galison, Peter, 12–13
Gangs, 70, 97, 99, 106–7, 108, 328, 336
Gentility, 86–100, 104
Gillaspy, James, 276
Gillespie, Andrew, 329–30
Girard, Stephen, 10, 299–305, 337
on Beck’s Proposal, 299
house and countinghouse, 300, 11.7, 11.8
on public space, 299–300, 302
will, 303–5
Glassie, Henry, 11
Going, William, 70–71
Gravier, Bertrand, 32, 284–85
Gravier, Jean, 284–85
Graydon, Alexander, 49–50, 51–52
Grid: Peale’s Museum, 131
prisons, 246, 248, 261
republicanism, 136–37
shop interiors, 150–51
urban, 3, 118–24, 135–37
Grimes, Ronald L., 311, 315
Hadfield, George, 186
Hall, Edward, 2
Hamilton, Alexander, 133
Hanway, Jonas, Solitude in Imprisonment, 253
Hartog, Hendrik, 137, 289
Haviland, John, 166–68, 172, 245, 337
career, 166
Eastern State Penitentiary, 166, 246, 257, 260, 263, 271, 10.2, 10.4, 10.11, 10.12
embezzlement, 174
Pagoda (Labyrinth) Gardens, 165
Philadelphia Arcade, 145, 158, 163, 363n. 20
U. S. Naval Hospital (Norfolk), 174
Heat, urban, 45
Hillhouse, James, 217–22, 225
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 244, 295, 34n1. 9
Hobson, R. Peter, 51
Hollingshead, Platt, and Taylor, 300, 302, 305
Holme, Thomas, 21, 113, 123, 124, 357n. 2
House types: Creole cottage, 34–35, pl. 4
Creole house, 34
row, 4–5, 36, 2, 3, 4, 1.15
shophouses, 34
shotgun, 35
trinity, 25, 1.3
Howard, John, 251
Howe, Samuel Gridley, 256, 258, 262, 266, 268, 271
Human nature, 128–29
Hume, David, 122
Identity, personal, 103–4
Imagination, 122–23. See also Republican spatial imagination; Spatial imagination
India Wharf (Boston), 296, 298
Infectious diseases, 57–58
Intelligence offices, 171
Intercalation, 12–14
Internal improvements, 168
Jackson, Andrew, 307–8
Jackson Square (New Orleans). See Place d’armes
Jayne, David, 171
Jefferson, Thomas: and batture controversy, 284, 288
on New Orleans plan, 119
Notes on the State of Virginia, 126
on Philadelphia plan, 118, 120
on Washington, D.C., plan, 118
Jim Crow (theatrical character), 95–96, 5.7
Johns, Elizabeth, 101
Kant, Immanuel, 122–23, 125
Kemble, Fanny, 318
Killers (street gang), 97, 106–7, 108, 328, 336, 5.9, 5.12
Kostof, Spiro, 136
Krimmel, John Lewis, Sunday Morning, 91–93, 317, 5.5
Language: and crime, 257
as divider, 38–39
in ethnic conflict, 71, 292
flash, 70–71, 257
fragmentation, 82–83
French, 71–73
as resistance, 72
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 9, 141, 192
death, 44
on French language, 72,
Jackson Square (New Orleans), 331, 12.6
U. S. Treasury fireproof wing, 192
Latrobe, John H. B., 52–53
Laurel Hill Cemetery, 232–37, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, pl. 11
Law, civil, 288–90, 294
Law, common, 288, 290
Le Blond de la Tour, Pierre, 31
Lefebvre, Henri, 14, 338
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 118, 135
Lewis, Meriwether, 126
Library Company of Philadelphia, 125, 167
Lippard, George, 88, 246
The Killers, 107, 108
Life and Adventures of Charles Anderson Chester, 107, 108
The Quaker City, 88, 90, 91, 104, 105–6, 108
Lislet, Louis Moreau, 288
Lists, 84–86
Livingston, Edward, 305
and batture controversy, 284, 286–94
on crime, 256–57
on penal reform, 256
on prison uniforms, 268, 277
Livingston, Robert R., 185
Locke, John, 290
Lockstep, 263, 265–66, 10.13, 10.14
Locus publicus, 289, 294
London, buildings: New Somerset House, 194, 196, 8.11
Regent Street, 166, 167
Regent’s Park, 166
Royal Theater, 167–68
West India Dock, 296, 298
Long-lot system, 32
Loxley, Benjamin, 26
Lukens, Charles, 276
Macarty, Jean-Baptiste, 287
McComb, John, Jr., 245
Maccumsey, Matthias, 275
McDonald, William L., 342n. 5
McDonogh, John, 10, 184
McElwee, Thomas B., 246, 270
Mad (tranquilizing) chair, 275, 10.19
Mardi Gras, 315–16
Marigny, Bernard (de), 32, 72, 292
Mariners’ Church project (Philadelphia), 299–300
Massachusetts State Prison, 70–71, 253, 277–78
uniforms, 267–68
Mausoleums, 213, 239–40, 9.6, 9.7
Melville, Herman, 103
Memory: as business aid, 180–84
national, 201
Merchants, 184, 190
Metaphor, and architecture, 13
Metropolitan improvements, 8, 166
Miasma, 55–57, 227–28
Mills, Robert, 185, 192–202
architectural ideas, 196
and Durand, 196
Guide to the National Executive Offices, 190, 199
Modes of thought, 13, 129–30
Money, 132–33
Monopoly, 175–76
Monument Cemetery, 231, 237, 239, 9.22
Moral faculty, 54–55, 262, 276
Morality: and architecture, 278
and body, 54, 58, 262
and disease, 58–60
Morgan, Benjamin, 9, 172
Mosquitoes, 45
Mount Auburn Cemetery, 229, 237, 239, 9.18
Music, 81–82
Nash, Gary, 357n. 2
Nash, John, 166, 167
National arithmetic, 134
Native Americans: in cities, 100
dress, 100–1, 5.11, pl. 6
on New Orleans levee, 322
in parades, 314
Natural history, 125–26
Natural philosophy, 127
Navy Department, U.S., 185, 186, 188, table 5
Necessaries, 42, 57
Nesbett, Richard, 86–87
New Burying Ground (Grove Street Cemetery), 217–22, 229, 231, 236, 9.15
New Orleans: common lands, 33
fires, 34
fortifications, 33
Garden District, 40
government, 39–40
Irish Channel, 40
population, 36, table 1
waterworks, 44
New Orleans, buildings: Cabildo, 332
Julia Row (“Thirteen Sisters”), 4, 4
Madame John’s Legacy, 1.13
Maspero’s Exchange, 163
Meat (French) Market, 34
Municipal (Gallier) Hall, 40
Presbytère, 332
St. Louis Cathedral, 65, 315
Sherman’s Truss and Brace Manufactory, 7.9
Walshe store, 7.6
New Orleans, cemeteries, 9.13
Charity Hospital, 229
as cities, 204
Cypress Grove (Firemen’s), 229, 239–41, 9.23, 9.24, 9.25
Girod Street, 217, 228, 239
Greenwood, 229
Lafayette No. 1, 213, 227, 240, 9.7, 9.12
Metairie, 239
Odd Fellows’ Rest, 229
St. Patrick’s 229
New Orleans, maps: 1764, 1.10
1837, 11.4
Barton’s Sanitary, 3.1
batture, 11.2, 11.3
Tanesse, 1.11
New Orleans, streets: Canal, 315, 1.16
Chartres, 161
Levee (Decatur), 26, 284, 293
Royale, 161
New Orleans, waterfront, 281, 11.1, pl. 16
gender on, 322
levee, 281
as public space, 282–84
quays, 293
sexuality on, 323
sociability on, 322–23
New Year’s Day, 318, 325
New York City, buildings: Croton Waterworks, 143, 310–13
Phelps and Peck’s Store, 150, 7.7
A. T. Stewart’s Marble Palace, 177, 7.16
New York City, parks and squares: Bowling Green, 329
Central Park, 332–33
Chatham Square, 161
The [City Hall] Park, 310, 311, 324
St. John’s Square, 329
Union Square, 310, 311
New York City, streets: Bowery, 161, 311, 327–28
Broadway, 85, 161, 177, 310, 311, 319, 324–25, 327–28
New York Commissioners’ Plan, 3, 118, 119, 122
New York State (Newgate) Prison, 244, 253, 272; 10.6
Newcastle, Del., 141
Newton, Isaac, 127
North, Roger, The Gentleman Accomptant, 127
Notman, John, 233
Numbers, street, 142
Numeracy, 129
Oakford, Charles, 335
Odors, and disease, 55
urban, 41–44, 49, 54
Ohio State Penitentiary, 10.9, 10.14, 10.16, 10.21
Oratory, 75–78, 80
Panopticon, 260–61
Pantograph, 184
Parades, 310–16
Parks and squares, 329–33
Parris, Alexander, 197
Pauger, Adrien de, 31
Peale, Charles Willson, 130–31
Peale’s (Philadelphia) Museum, 145, 158, 160, 325, 363n. 20, pl. 7
Pell, Julia, 76
Penitentiaries. See Prisons; names of individual prisons
Penn, William, 21, 113, 123, 124, 294–95; 357n.2
Perception, 2–3, 51, 54, 65–66
Personhood, 2, 8, 103, 110
after death, 205
and sounds, 66
Peters, Samuel J., 172
Philadelphia: alleys, 24–25, 115
black residential districts, 25
city seal, 113, 137, 6.1
Grand Federal Procession, 314, 315
green country town, 114, 357n.2
High Street Market, 21, 335, pl. 19
lighting scheme, 137–38
Penn-Holme plan, 21–22, 113–15, 117, 119, 123–24, 139, 295
population, 22, table 1
urban development, 22–26, 28–31, 114–18, 123–24
Philadelphia Arcade, 145–46, 158–61, 162–64, 165–66, 167–72, 173–74, 175, 178 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.11, 7.12
Arcade Company, 145, 147, 169–70, 176
demolition, 171
façade, 168–69
failure, 171–72
and gentility, 158
incorporation, 169
as metropolitan improvement, 167
as miniature city, 163
siting, 165
tenants, 158, 160, table 4
Philadelphia, buildings: Almshouse, old, 28, 1.7
Arch Street Jail, 270
Athenaeum, 125, 244, 341n. 9
Bank of Pennsylvania, 192, 196
Carpenter’s Court, 26, 1.5
Chestnut Street Theater, 163, 167–68, 7.15, pl. 14
College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania), 125, 167, 325
Davis Court, 5, 1.4
Franklin Institute, 125, 166, 223, 341n. 9
Girard College, 29, 303, pl. 3
Lemon Hill, 125
McAllister’s store, 7.8
McCalla Hat Manufactory pl. 5
Mercantile Library, 341n. 9
Merchants’ Exchange, 341n. 9, 6
Oakford’s Hat and Cap Store, 335, pl. 18
Pennsylvania Hall, 78
Pennsylvania Hospital, 28, 125, 223, 276, 303
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 29, 296, 303, 1.8
Permanent Bridge, 143
Philadelphia County (Moyamensing) Prison, 29, 336
Ronaldson’s Row, 77, 223, 4.2
St. Paul’s Church, 9.4
Sansom Row, 4
Second Bank of the United States, 196
Shakespeare Building (Cooke’s Folly), 28, 155, pl. 2
State House (Independence Hall), 28, 167, 192, 242, pl. 7, pl. 20
State House Yard (Independence Square), 329, pl. 15
U. S. Naval Asylum, 29, 1.9
Vauxhall Gardens, 165
The Woodlands, 125, 126
Philadelphia, cemeteries, 9.5
Arch Street Meetinghouse, 211–12
First African Baptist, 211, 9.3
removals, 211–12
Woodlands, 237
Philadelphia (Ronaldson’s) Cemetery, 222–25, 229, 233–34, 9.17
Philadelphia, maps: Birch, 6.5
city, Southwark, and Moyamensing, 5.13
Clarkson-Biddle, 22, pl. 1
Folie, 22, 1.1
Portraiture, 114, 123, 139, 357n. 2, 6.2
Simons, 1.2
Stephens, 6.4
Varié, 118–19
Philadelphia, parks and squares, 117–18
Center (Penn) Square, 117, 134, 142, 143
Washington Square, 96, 117, 167, 329–30
Philadelphia, streets: Chestnut, 145, 162, 168, 171–72, 319, 7.17
Delaware Avenue, 303
Dock, 120
Drinker’s Alley, 24
Front, 114, 294, 296, 298–99, 300, 305, 11.6, 11.9
High (Market), 21, 93, 114, 162, 335, 5.6, pl. 8
names, 124
Second, 162, 172
South, 25
Third, 162, 172
Water, 114, 115, 299, 303–4, 6.3, 11.5, 11.7
Philadelphia, waterfront, 294–99, 303–5, 11.9
Philadelphia Waterworks, 143
Center Square Pump House, 134, 143
Phillips, Eugenia Levy, 322
Picornell, J. M., 227–28
Pierson, William H., 201
Pigeonholes, 182, 184–85, 198, 200–1
Pilié, Joseph, 331
Place d’armes (New Orleans), 32, 65, 230–32, 12.6
Plimly, Seneca, 275
Poe, Edgar Allan, “Berenice,” 226
“The Black Cat,” 226
“The Cask of Amontillado,” 226
“The Fall of the House of Usher,” 226–27
“The Man of the Crowd,” 103
Political arithmetic, 129
Pontalba, Micaela Almonester de, 332
Population, comparative urban, table 1
Potter’s fields, 210, 229, 241
Pouilly, Jacques Nicolas Bussière de, 239
Poverty, and disease, 60
Powers, Gershom, 259, 265, 272, 277
Poydras, Julien, 292
Preston, William C., 75
Price, Philip M., 233
Prison discipline, 245–46, 261
Auburn (congregate) system, 254–56, 257, 258, 261, 262, 266, 269
competing systems, 255–56, 257
Pennsylvania (separate) system, 255–56, 257–58, 261, 262, 266, 272
relevance to larger society, 277–78
Prison Discipline Society (Boston), 255–56, 261, 271, 277–78
Prisons: architecture’s role, 261–63
grids, 261
individualized punishment, 261–62, 269
initiation rituals, 258–59
labor, 252, 257, 268–69
metropolitan improvements, 243
modern, 337
responses to disorder, 242
silence, 258
social hierarchy, 266–67
as therapeutic institutions, 242–43
torture, 270–77
as utopias, 242
Privies, 42, 57
Promenade, 96, 236, 318, 329–32, 336, 5.8
Prostitutes, 320–22
Quaker meetings, 68–69, 77–78
Randel, John H., Jr., 122
Regulation, urban, 22, 137–141, 143, 6.6
Republican spatial imagination, 9, 134, 137, 178, 256, 265, 281, 312
Republicanism, 1, 132–34, 341n. 2
and grid, 136–37
Retail districts, specialized, 161–62
Roach, Hannah Benner, 357n. 2
Rogers, Isaiah, 202
Ronaldson, James, 77, 222–25
Ronaldson’s Cemetery. See Philadelphia Cemetery
Roscoe, William, 245, 255, 261, 277
Rush, Benjamin, 262
Rush, William, 168
Ryan, Mary, 312
St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 (New Orleans), 205–6, 214, 228, 9.2, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, pl. 10
St. Louis Cemetery No. 2 (New Orleans), 204, 212, 217, 228, 9.1, 9.14
Sales techniques, retail, 149, 154–55, 157, 177–78
Sanger, William W., 320–21
Sansom, William, 4, 25–26
Schrag, Calvin, 13–14
Selfhood, 2, 66, 103, 110
and body, 95, 103–4, 226
boundaries, 157
and consumption, 157
convicts’ reconstructed, 266
criminal, 262, 266
after death, 204, 205, 225–26
and perception, 51
and sounds, 66
in space, 52
and speech, 73–74
Separation, and classification, 136, 251, 261, 278
Sewers, 41–42
Shadow landscape, 105–9
Shammas, Carole, 25
Shopping, 157
Show (shop) windows, 151–53, 175
Showering (in prison), 275–76, 10.21, 10.22
Silence, 68–69
Sing Sing Prison, 269, 270, 271
Sloan, Samuel, 245
Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations, 128–29
Smith, John Jay, 232–33
Smith, Joseph, 80
Smoke, urban, 44–45
Smoking, 326
anti-smoking laws, 328–29
anti-sociality, 306
and democracy, 309
and gentility, 309, 326, 328–29
sociability, 306
Solitary confinement, 253–56, 257
Sound, music, 81
nocturnal, 64–65, 69–70
spatial characteristics, 65–66
street, 64, 66–70
torture, 65
urban, 45–48
watchmen’s, 81
South Carolina Record Office (Fireproof Building), 192–93, 8.8
Spatial imagination, 122–23, 134, 137, 144, 150, 178
Speech, black, 73, 76, 78–80, 267
constrained, 276
and crime, 257
as existential act, 73
and honor, 76
lower-class, 80
middling, 73
Mormon, 80
in prison, 267
and selfhood, 73–74
and social rank, 80–81
vulgar, 69
women’s, 76–78
State Department, U.S., 185–86, 188, 190, 195, table 5, 8.4, 8.6, 8.7
Statistics, 133–34
Stewart, Alexander T., 177, 178
Stewart, Thomas S., 5
Stores, retail, 28, 85, 149–55, 157, 177–78
Stores, wholesale, 36
Strait jacket, 275–76, 10.20
Streets, claustrophobic, 93, 323–24
gendered use, 216–22, 323, 328
genteel, 93, 104
gentrification, 329
male realm, 313, 319
names, 124, 141–42
neutral space, 313
poor people, 325, 333
social use, 313–22
Strickland, William, 9, 167–68, 196, 233, 245
Beck’s Proposal, 296, 303
System, and accounting, 127–28
and currency, 132
in landscape, 7
and merchants, 127–28
mode of thought, 125, 129–30
weights and measures, 132
Systematic city, 134, 144, 176, 178–79, 221, 222, 281, 310, 312, 336
Systematic (geometric) spirit, 124–25
Tenements, 26
Therapeutic institutions, 242–43
Thierry, J. B. S., 288, 292
Tobacco, 306–10, 326–29
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 253, 254, 258, 259
Toli (racquette), 100
Torture, 65, 270–77
Town, Ithiel, 212
Transparency, in republicanism, 132, 134
in urban space, 134–35
Transversality, 13–14
Treadmill (stepping wheel), 268–69, 271, 10.15
Treasury Building (third), U.S., 193–202, 8.6, 8.9, 8.12, 8.13
Treasury Department, U. S., 185, 186
fire-proofing of, 192
first building, 186, 8.5
growth, 188, 190–99, table 5
organization of, 191
reorganization of, 197
second (Executive Office) building, 186, 191–92
Tremé, Claude, 32
Trotter, Nathan, 176
Turner, Victor, 312–13
Two of the Killers, 97, 328, 5.9
Types (human), 101–2, 324
Tyson, Job R., 121
Uniformity, urban, 3–7
Urbanity, 1–2, 7
Van Buren, Martin, 307–8
Vaulting, masonry, 192–93, 196
Vaux, Roberts, 244, 246, 255, 277, 303, 337
Vendors, street, 48, 67–68, 4.1
Vieux Carré, 31, 36, 39
Visibility, in urban space, 132
Walnut Street Jail, 28, 245, 249, 251–53, 10.5, pl. 13
Penitentiary House, 253
separation and classification, 251
women in, 270
Walter, Thomas U., 233
and Treasury Building, 197, 198, 200
War Department, U. S., 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, table 5
Warner, Michael, 292
Washington, D.C., buildings: Executive Office Buildings, 186, 8.6, 8.7, pl. 9
General Post Office, 195
State, War, and Navy Building, 191
Washington, D.C., plan, 118, 135
Watchmen, 81–82, 4.4
Waterfronts, as dumping grounds, 43–44
Waterworks, 143
Watson, John Fanning, 24,
Annals of Philadelphia, 19
on blacks’ titles, 80
on monopoly, 175
on New York streets, 121
on Philadelphia retailing, 150, 155, 162–63, 178
on regulating Philadelphia, 141
Western State Penitentiary (Pittsburgh), 245
Whipping, in prison, 271–72, 277, 10.16
White’s Store (Virginia), 150, 7.5
Whitman, Walt, 84–85
Women, harassed, 316
in parades, 314
in prison, 269, 270–71
shopping, 319
speech, 76–78
in streets, 316–22, 326
Wood, Samuel S., 275
Yellow fever, 56, 58, 61, 295
Zimpel, Charles F., 172
Zip Coon (theatrical character), 90–91, 96, 5.3