Jaguar-vessel for blood sacrifices

Teotihuacán exemplified Classic priestly government, but Tula is a type-site for the warrior aristocracies of Middle America after about A.D. 1000. As the capital of the Toltec (‘builder’) dynasty, Tula flourished from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries, ruled by fighters rather than priests, who restricted political control to as few families as possible. Religion centred upon human sacrifice, in an aggressive, expansionist relationship to neighbouring tribes. Toltec skills included an …

THE CONVERSION OF esthetic research from idealist speculation on metaphysical principles to experimental procedures began in 1876. It rebuilt classical esthetics “from above” into the method of science “from below,” as Fechner then called it. …