The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

Rinne, Katherine Wentworth

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Description: The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

BOOKThe Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16708

In this pioneering study of the water infrastructure of Renaissance Rome, urban historian Katherine Rinne offers a new understanding of how technological and scientific developments in aqueduct and fountain architecture helped turn a medieval backwater into the preeminent city of early modern Europe. Supported by the author's extensive topographical research, this book presents a unified vision of the city that links improvements to public and private water systems with political, religious, and social change.

Between 1560 and 1630, in a spectacular burst of urban renewal, Rome's religious and civil authorities sponsored the construction of aqueducts, private and public fountains for drinking, washing, and industry, and the magnificent ceremonial fountains that are Rome's glory. Tying together the technological, sociopolitical, and artistic questions that faced the designers during an age of turmoil in which the Catholic Church found its authority threatened and the infrastructure of the city was in a state of decay, Rinne shows how these public works projects transformed Rome in a successful marriage of innovative engineering and strategic urban planning.

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Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Print publication date January 2011 (out of print)

Print ISBN 9780300155303

EISBN 9780300242812

Illustrations 169

Print Status out of print

Publisher (out of print)

WorldCat

Google Books

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List of illustrations

Trevi Fountain
Pianta di Roma, sheet 4 (detail)
Corso dell'acque da loro fonti nelli XIV acquidotti procopiani che le scaricavano in Roma
Rome's documented public fountains in 1630
The Trophies of Marius
A sixteenth-century water carrier, detail from "Ritratto de quelli che vano vendendo et lavorando per Roma con la nova agionta de tutti quelli che ne le altre mancavano sin al presente
The "specus" (channel) of the Aqua Anio Novus rides atop that of the Aqua Claudia as the two ancient aqueducts cross the Campagna on the way to Rome, seen in the distance
Piazza Colonna fountain, detail showing the curvature of the basin rim
Roma
Inscription commemorating the 1530 flood on the Monastery of Santa Maria sopra Minerva
The Tiber and Its Tributaries
Carta geologica della Campagna romana con sezione, detail
Private springs and public fountains in Rome, 1569, before the restoration of the Acqua Vergine
Wellhead
Delle cagioni e de' rimedi delle inondazioni del Tevere, detail
The Tiber at Ponte Sisto during the December 2008 flood, from the south
Flood markers on the façade of Santa Maria sopra Minerva commemorate the 1530, 1557, and 1598 (upper group) and 1422, 1495, and 1870 (lower group) floods
Veduta del Ponte e Castello Sant'Angelo
Remains of a Triumphal Arch, Discovered in the Bed of the Tiber, 1878
Prospectus Pontis S. Mariae Olim Senatoril vulgo Ponte Rotto et Insuale Tiberinae nunc S. Bartholomeae imagnaeq. parties Urbis Romae
Pianta di Roma, sheet 6 (detail)
L'Acqua Marrana
Roma al tempo di Urbano VIII
Wash-Day in Italy
Ponte Sisto, detail
Map of the waters and aqueducts of ancient Rome
Map of Rome, detail
A view of the Trevi Fountain
The stemma of Sixtus IV above an access door into the specus of the Acqua Vergine on Via del Nazareno
Roma Renasces, detail
Mappa della Campagna romana al tempo di Paolo III
Map of Rome
Carta geologica di Roma, detail
Map of Rome showing properties owned by Water Committee members
Dell'avvertenze che si devono havere nel livellare delli siti dalli quali s'hanno da condurre l'acque alle Fontane
Pianta, e Profilo di livellazione del Condotto di S. Carlino
Distribution pipes installed in the walls of an aqueduct specus
Spaccato e pianta della Botte di Monte Cavallo
Wasserführung
Gaia Fountain
Map of Rome
In November 1570, the Water Committee proposed seventeen new Acqua Vergine fountains for the Campo Marzio, as plotted on a twenty-first-century street plan
An astrolabe
Prospettiva della rinominata piazza e Guglia del Popolo, detail showing location of two flood markers on the wall at the left
Flood markers from the same event viewed together
Acqua Vergine distribution plan
Seventeen new Acqua Vergine fountains proposed by The Water Committee for the Campo Marzio in late 1571, plotted on a twenty-first century plan (right) and the 1560 copy of Leonardo Bufalini's 1551 map
Plan of Rome
Plan of Piazza Navona
Documented Acqua Vergine allotments to private individuals, churches, and hospitals plotted on Ettienne Du Pérac's 1577 map of Rome in the order in which they were approved
Subscriber pipelines from a single Acqua Vergine juncture box
The pietra di livello and nineteenth-century cassette idrometriche at Palazzo Muccioli at the intersection of Via Giulia and Via di Santa Caterina
La fontana di Piazza del Popolo
The Maggiore Fountain, Perugia
The fountain at the Piazza della Morte, Viterbo
Neptune Fountain
Triton
Prospeto dall Parte della Piazza Segnato in Piana Litera A (detail)
Piazza Colonna
Piazza Navona
Piazza Navona fountain basin
The Piazza Navona fountain in front of Palazzo Orsini
Study for the Piazza Colonna fountain
Piazza Colonna fountain
The water in the Piazza Colonna fountain seen from above
Fontana nella Piazza Colonna (detail)
Buildings controlled or owned by influential Roman families, plotted on Etienne Du Pérac's 1577 map of Rome
Fontana su la Piazza de SS.ri Mattei
Mattei fountain, detail of one of the four basins
Fontana della Piazza de' Mattei
Il pubblicco in attesa a piazza Venezia per la ripresa della corsa dei barberi
Tureen Fountain
Giudea fountain
Interior of cupola, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza
A spatial interpretation of the façade of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattre Fontane (1634–37) compared with the intersecting arcs of water drops in the Guidea fountain
Fontana della Piaza della Rotonda
Route of the Acqua Vergine plotted on Etienne Du Pérac's 1577 map of Rome
Reconstruction drawings made from the archaeological remains of Camillo Agrippa's water-lifting device for the Parnassus
The chiocciola on the Pincina Hill
Bottom of an aqueduct channel with remnants of a small dam
Nova Urbis Romae Descriptio, sheets 1, 2 (detail)
Pianta delle vene dell'Acqua Felice di Sisto PP.V. 1585
Extant ancient ruins of the double aqueduct of Aqua Claudia and Aqua Anio Novus (upper channel) southeast of Rome
Map of Rome (top) and plan of the Villa Montalto (below)
Misura e diametri delle fistole
Pianta e misura della Strada fuori di Porta San Giovanni (detail)
Porta Maggiore
Porta Maggiore
The Acqua Felice crossing over Via di Porta San Lorenzo
Moses Fountain
Chiesa dedicata a San Carlo
Fontana su la Piazza del Palazzo Pontificio à Monte Cavallo
Map showing the distribution of water from the Acqua Felice over time
Fontana su le Piazza della Med.a de Monti
Capitoline fountain
Fontana nella Piazza de' SS.ri Muti sotto Campidoglio
Fontana nella Piazza della Basilica di S Maria Maggiore
Pianta del condotto dell'Acqua Felice
Map of the initial Acqua Paola distribution system
Fontana dello Scoglio nel Giardino di Bel'Vedere in Roma
Fontana nel Gran Cortile del Palazzo Vaticano
Fontana nella Piazza di S. Pietro
Fontana nella Piazza di S. Giacomo Scossacavallo
Fontana detta il Mascarone di Borgo
The Fontanone
Site and partial plans of the Monastery of San Pietro in Montorio, with gardens and showing water damage in 1731
Fontana sul Monte Gianicolo
Fontana in Roma nella Piazza di Sta. Maria in Trastevere
Pianta dimostrativa delle Condotture pubbliche dell'Acquedotto Paolino
The Ponte Sisto fountain (left), with a view of the Tiber Island
Fontana su la Piazza Farnese del Ser.ma S. Cuca di Parma
Metà della Piazza di San Pietro in Vaticano (detail)
Editto sopra il manetener nette le Fontane nuovamente fabricate nella Piazza detta de' Barberini à Capo le Case
Pianta spaccato e prospetto della Fontana di S. Maria Maggiore
Inscription (now moved to a nearby wall) indicating the level of the acqua di ritorno pipe at the Piazza della Rotonda fountain
La pianta dell'Acqua Felice
Moses Fountain (detail of sculpted lions)
Simolacro detto di Marforio
Chiesa di Santa Maria Liberatrice
Bee Fountain
The Baboon fountain
The Lion Fountain
The Barberini castello
Fontana a Monte Citorio
The Big Mask Fountain
The inscripiton on the façade of Palazzo Capilupo
Fontana detta del Facchino in Via Lata
Vestigi del tempio de Jano quadrifronte
Piazza del Popolo
Lavatoia Felice
Chiesa de Santi Vincenzo et Anastasio alla Fontana di Trevi. . .
The laundry at the Convent of Sant'Urbano
Inscription forbidding anyone to throw "Immondezza" in the chiavica (drain), which opens directly below
Churches and monasteries that received Acqua Felice water between February and November 1588 shown on Plan of Rome (detail)
Fontana nel cortile del palazzo del Sig. Duca di Bracciano
Pianta del giardino dell'Eccel.mo Signor Principe Ludovisi a Porta Pinciana
Fontana del Tritone nella Piazza Barberini
The Piazza Campitelli Fountain
Map of Rome, detail of properties on the Quirinal Hill owned by Domenico Grimani and Muzio Mattei
The route of the Acqua Felice conduit that led to the Villa Medici plotted on Giovani Battista Maggi's 1625 map of the city
Veduta della Trinità dei Monti
Vestigi dell'arco Settimio Severo
Vestigj del theatro che fù edificato da Augusto in nome di Marcello
Documented chiaviche (drains) in early-sixteenth-century Rome
Lateral and transverse sections cut through the Roman Forum
Interior of the Cloaca Maxima
A drain sponsored by Agrippa in 33 B.C. near the Church of San Rocco, and a second-century A.D. drain in Piazza di Pietra that was probably constructed at the same time as the Temple of Hadrian
The daily market in Campo dei Fiori
Delli Calessi," and "Delle Carette
La veduta della Basilica di S Maria Maggiore
Veduta dell'antica Via Appia
Small stone pavers known as sampietrini (top left) are still used in the historic center of Rome for repairs (top right) and new paving (bottom)
Modo di selciare le strade di Roma à secco
A typical Renaissance drain cover, still extant, though no longer functioning, in Piazza della Bocca della Verità
Riattamento delle strade di tutto lo Stato Ecclesiastico . . .
Roma al tempo di Urbano VIII (detail)
Modern Rome
Little Boat Fountain, detail
Plaza, St. Peter's Rome
Four Rivers Fountain
Passaddio delle carrozze in Piazza Navona
Prospetto del nuovo navale di Ripetta fabbricato sotto I gloriosi auspicj di N. S. Papa Clemente XI
Trevi Fountain (detail)
New Fountain and Diocletian's Spring, Rome, Italy
Nasone drinking fountain
Fountain in Piazza di S. Maria in Trastevere
Panoramic View, Castel St. Angelo, Hall of Justice & St. Peter's
Rione Sant'Eustachio fountain
Ara Pacis fountain

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Contents

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

Contents

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.001

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16709

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Preface

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~The water flowing into Rome's Fountains is part of the hydrological cycle. Rain falls and, via a long, slow process, percolates through the ground until it reaches impermeable soils far below the earth’s crust. It is at this point that the steady accumulation of water begins to seek release and another slow...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.002

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16710

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Introduction

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~When we think of Baroque Rome, it is not uncommon to turn first to the breathtaking fountains—especially the Triton, Four Rivers, and Barcaccia fountains designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and the Trevi Fountain, Nicola Salvi’s masterpiece (fig. I.1). Taken as a whole,...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.1-10

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.003

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16711

Chapter subject tags:Fountains--Italy--RomeCity planning--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Aqueducts--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeFontana di Trevi (Rome, Italy)Aqueducts, RomanPublic works--Italy--Rome--17th centuryPublic works--Italy--Rome--16th centuryCatholic Church. Pope (1566-1572 : Pius V)Infrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome--16th century

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1. The Tiber’s Flow

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~The year 1557 was a wretched one in Rome. First, it rained continuously during February and March, and the Tiber River rose above its normal level several times. Residents living along the riverbank fled to higher ground and in some cases were forced to leave the city. Then...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.11-37

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.004

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16712

Chapter subject tags:Tiber River (Italy)City planning--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Floods--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--Siege, 1527Aqueducts, RomanFountains--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome--16th century

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2. The Acqua Vergine and the Renovatio Romae

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Although the Tiber provided Rome with water throughout the medieval and Renaissance periods, we have seen that only one of Rome’s eleven ancient aqueducts, the Aqua Virgo, still served the city in the mid-sixteenth...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.38-55

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.005

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16713

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--History--1420-1798City planning--Italy--RomeAqueducts, RomanAqueducts--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome--16th centuryCatholic Church. Pope (1566-1572 : Pius V)Fountains--Italy--Rome--16th centuryFontana di Trevi (Rome, Italy)

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3. Surveying the City, Distributing the Water

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Once the Acqua Vergine was restored it was necessary to distribute its water more widely in order to rehabilitate Rome’s urban fabric in the way Pius V had envisioned. There was a great deal at stake: not only were individuals and institutions as eager to gain access to the water through private fountains as ordinary residents were through...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.56-82

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.006

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16714

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Fountains--Italy--RomeAqueducts, RomanAqueducts--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome--16th centuryPublic works--Italy--Rome--16th century

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4. The Fountains of Giacomo della Porta

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Giacomo della Porta's professional star was rising in 1570, and he was well on his way to being regarded as “the first and principal architect of Rome.” Busy with work on the Capitoline, Saint Peter’s, the Church of the Gesù, and...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.83-108

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.007

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16715

Chapter subject tags:Fountains--Italy--RomeDella Porta, Giacomo, 1532-1602City planning--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome--16th centuryWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeAqueducts--Italy--RomeAqueducts, RomanPiazza del popolo (Rome, Italy)Piazza Colonna (Rome, Italy)Piazza Navona (Rome, Italy)Palazzo Mattei di Paganica (Rome, Italy)

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5. Undercurrents and Water Lust

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Although Rome had survived for six hundred years with a minimal supply of aqueduct water, the situation changed dramatically in 1570 after a constant stream began flowing from the newly restored Acqua Vergine. The ready availability of water immediately spurred a desire on the part of Rome’s elite to provide the city (and themselves) as liberally as...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.109-121

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.008

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16716

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--Politics and government--1420-1798City planning--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Aqueducts--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeFountains--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--HistoryInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--Rome

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6. Irrigating the Seven Hills

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Cardinal Montalto became Pope on 24 April 1585, choosing the name Sixtus V. Without delay he announced his intention of restoring an ancient aqueduct that would terminate on the Quirinal Hill. It would be named the Acqua...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.122-154

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.009

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16717

Chapter subject tags:Fountains--Italy--RomeCity planning--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Sixtus V, Pope, 1520-1590Aqueducts--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomeAqueducts, RomanInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--RomeFontana, Domenico, 1543-1607

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7. Trickle Down: The Hierarchy of Water

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~The civic fountains that ornamented Rome in the early 1620s were unequalled by those in any other European city for centuries to come. Alive with impressive jets, abundant sprays, rushing cascades, spangled rains, and swirling pools, these fountains...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.155-180

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.010

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16718

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--Buildings, structures, etcCity planning--Italy--RomeFountains--Italy--RomeRome (Italy)--History--1420-1798Infrastructure (Economics)--Italy--RomePublic works--Italy--Rome--17th century

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8. Currency of Cardinals

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Water was coin, literally a liquid currency that could be bought, traded, sold, or given away within a highly structured and carefully monitored marketplace. This is why, in spite of the growing number of civic and service fountains in early-seventeenth-century Rome, the...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.181-192

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.011

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16719

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--Politics and government--1420-1798City planning--Italy--RomeAqueducts--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--RomeWater-supply engineering--Italy--RomePublic works--Italy--RomeFountains--Italy--Rome

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9. Streets and Drains

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~The renovatio Romae was a manifold process undertaken to implement the decrees of the Council of Trent by cleansing and rebuilding the city, starting with the body of the Church and its individual souls and extending outward to the streets and piazzas of Rome and to the Tiber River. Physically rebuilding Rome was closely linked to rebuilding the moral...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.193-218

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.012

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16720

Chapter subject tags:City planning--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--RomeStorm sewers--Italy--RomeCloaca MaximaIrrigation projects--Italy--RomePublic works--Italy--RomeRoads, Roman--16th centuryAqueducts--Italy--Rome

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Epilogue

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City

~Rome's transformation into a cleansed, purified, and well-ordered city that would serve as a fitting home for newly reformed Christian souls began as the result of a series of incremental moves initiated by the popes in the...

Author

Katherine Wentworth Rinne

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.219-232

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00166.013

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16721

Chapter subject tags:Rome (Italy)--HistoryWater-supply engineeringFountains--Italy--RomeCity planning--Italy--RomeInfrastructure (Economics)--Italy--RomeAqueducts--Italy--RomeBernini, Gian Lorenzo, 1598-1680Bernini, Pietro, 1562-1629Fontana di Trevi (Rome, Italy)

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