Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Volume 4 of the National Gallery of Art’s biennial conservation research journal Facture examines the complex themes of series, multiples, and replicas. With a broad historical purview that spans from the Renaissance to the twentieth century, this publication considers various modes of replication—by the artist’s own hand or workshop, as a posthumous creation, or as a preferred practice—and their motivations. Drawing on new research into materials and techniques, nine essays focus on works in diverse media by artists such as Sandro Botticelli, Auguste Rodin, and Robert Rauschenberg and present intriguing conclusions about the nature of serialization and the relationships among multiple versions of a composition. Filled with detailed photographs and fresh discoveries, this volume provides exceptional insight into these extraordinary works of art and offers the possibility of exciting new avenues of inquiry.

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Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Print publication date January 2020 (in print)
Print ISBN 9780300247619
EISBN 9780300257557
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Illustrations 199
Print Status in print
Publisher (in print)
WorldCat
Google Books

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List of illustrations

  • Giuliano de' Medici
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici
  • Lorenzo de' Medici, il Magnifico, 1449–1492 (The Pazzi Conspiracy Medal), obverse
  • Pazzi Conspiracy Medal
  • Superimposed tracings of Giuliano de' Medici' profile in three portraits by Botticelli
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, x-radiograph
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, x-radiograph
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, detail
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, x-radiograph
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, infrared reflectogram
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, diagram showing window opening
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, diagram showing window opening
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, diagram showing window opening
  • The Fate of the Soul: The Temple of Time, detail
  • Giuliano de' Medici
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, tracing reversed and superimposed on the image of Giuliano on the Pazzi Conspiracy Medal
  • Emperor Charles V
  • Emperor Charles V
  • Emperor Charles V
  • Emperor Charles V
  • Charles V
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, diagram of model preparation and casting
  • Emperor Charles V, overall bottom view of the interior
  • Emperor Charles V, detail of interior neck and shoulders
  • Charles V, diagram of model preparation and casting
  • Emperor Charles V, detail of interior
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail
  • Emperor Charles V, detail of interior
  • Emperor Charles V, detail of base
  • Mercury
  • Fontana di Mercurio nel Giardino del Duca di Toscana
  • Mercurio Volante
  • Mercury Abducting Psyche
  • Mercury
  • Mercury
  • Mercury, detail
  • Mercury, detail
  • Mercury and Cupid fountain
  • Mercury Fountain at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
  • The Academicians of the Royal Academy
  • Righetti price list of sculpture copies for sale, two pages of four
  • Zoffoli price list of sculpture copies for sale
  • Villa Medici invoice for replacement Mercury
  • Chiurazzi and De Angelis catalog listing Mercure Volant, with sizes, patinas, and prices
  • Mercury, x-radiographs
  • Mercurio Volante
  • Mercury
  • Mercury
  • Mercury
  • Mercury
  • Mercury
  • The Three Shades
  • The Death of Alcestis
  • The Death of Alcestis
  • Fleeting Love (L'Amour qui passe)
  • Woman and Child
  • Rodin's Studio
  • Galatea
  • Young Girl with a Sheaf
  • The Benedictions
  • The Benedictions
  • The Sirens
  • The Sirens
  • Fugit Amor
  • The Kiss
  • The Kiss Is Still the Kiss
  • Cache of forged sculptures
  • The Thinker
  • Entry for Auguste Rodin, L'Idylle, no. 133
  • The Burghers of Calais
  • Meditation or The Inner Voice
  • Marcelle Roulin
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin
  • Roulin's Baby
  • Marcelle Roulin
  • Madame Roulin with Baby
  • Portrait of Madame Auguste Roulin and Baby Marcelle
  • Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Roulin's Baby, detail
  • Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Roulin's Baby, detail
  • Digital overlay of the three portraits of Marcelle Roulin
  • Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Roulin's Baby, detail
  • Marcelle Roulin
  • Portrait Marcelle Roulin
  • Roulin's Baby
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, detail
  • Portrait of a Young Woman
  • Portrait of a Young Woman
  • Khor, the President of the Oochen Republic
  • Thinkrates, the Philosopher
  • Khor, in His House on Top of the World
  • The Colossal Deep Sea Ludicrocerous
  • Madame X and Johnny Marine
  • The Golden Meadowlark
  • Mushton Shlushley, the Lyric Poet and Aestheticurean
  • The Pie-Faced Squilk and Her Pink-Nosed Neighbor
  • The Pup-Who-Sacrificed-a-Piece-of-His-Head-So-He'd-Have-a-Tail-to-Wag
  • The Pink-Faced Politician
  • The Cinnamon Bun B'Ar Stalking the Dish of Fruit Bush
  • The Radio Gull
  • The Lugubrious Mysterious Midnight Hour Phantom Green Cheese Moon
  • The Duck
  • The Peeping Gagaboo
  • The Flatiron
  • The Peeping Gagaboo, detail
  • The Duck, cross section of flaking paint from the red-orange part of the figure
  • The Duck, cross section of flaking paint from the red-orange part of the figure
  • The Peeping Gagaboo
  • The Peeping Gagaboo
  • The Lugubrious Mysterious Midnight Hour Phantom Green Cheese Moon
  • The Lugubrious Mysterious Midnight Hour Phantom Green Cheese Moon
  • The Duck
  • The Lugubrious Mysterious Midnight Hour Phantom Green Cheese Moon
  • The Peeping Gagaboo
  • The Duck
  • Spraying the toned microcellulose film with the external-mix airbrush
  • The Peeping Gagaboo, photomicrograph of cellulose film fill in situ
  • Reversibility test
  • Reversibility test
  • Site à l’homme assis
  • The Amphigoric One (L'amphigourique)
  • The Amphigoric One (L'amphigourique), verso
  • Site Inhabited by Objects (Site habité d’objets)
  • Jean Dubuffet carving polystyrene with one of his purpose-built hot wire tools, Paris
  • One of Dubuffet's hot wire tools
  • Assistant at work in Dubuffet's studio, enlarging a model with a three-dimensional pantograph, Périgny-sur-Yerres
  • Groupe de quatre arbres
  • Closerie Falbala
  • Jardin d’émail
  • Studio album no. 4
  • Studio album no. 4
  • Studio album no. 4
  • Site à l’homme assis, model
  • Studio album no. 4, showing plans for Site arborescente, which became Vegetation arborescente
  • Déploiement aux trois arbres, model
  • Jean Dubuffet in Richard Dhoedt’s studio with the finished enlargement of Site à l’homme assis
  • La députation (Bel costumé, Le Facétieux, Cherche-Aubaine, L’Enquéteur, and Rédington)
  • Site à l’homme assis
  • Mule
  • Ringer
  • Preview
  • Plus Fours
  • Pull
  • Scent
  • Scrape
  • Sand
  • Ringer State
  • Focus (Hoarfrost)
  • Robert Rauschenberg (left) reviewing pages from the Los Angeles Times and making selections for inclusion in Hoarfrost Editions at Gemini G.E.L.
  • Robert Rauschenberg (right) arranging pages from magazines and newspapers on the press bed at Gemini G.E.L. during a proofing session for Hoarfrost Editions
  • Mule, detail
  • Annotated Polaroid photographs showing the steps to print and assemble an edition print of Ringer
  • Plus Fours, detail
  • Plus Fours, detail
  • Plus Fours, detail
  • Plus Fours, detail
  • Canto XXIV: Circle Eight, Bolgia 7, The Thieves
  • Painting with Grey Wing
  • A Way of Flying (Modo de volar)
  • Robert Rauschenberg performing Pelican at the First New York Theatre Rally, Broadway and Eighty-First Street, New York
  • Scrape, detail, photomicrograph
  • Pull (Hoarfrost Editions), detail of silk degradation
  • The Finding of Moses
  • The Finding of Moses
  • Studies for the Finding of Moses
  • The Finding of Moses
  • Finding of Moses, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Finding of Moses, x-radiograph composite
  • Finding of Moses, detail, infrared reflectogram
  • Finding of Moses, photomacrograph
  • Finding of Moses, detail, x-radiograph
  • Studies for the Finding of Moses, detail
  • Finding of Moses, detail, x-radiograph composite
  • Finding of Moses, detail
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Contents
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Contents
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Preface
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
The complex themes of series, multiples, and replicas are examined in the essays of Facture, volume 4. Highlighting works in various media, created during different time periods, authors explore the reasons for replication...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Acknowledgments
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Acknowledgments
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Essays
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Essays
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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The Portraits of Giuliano de’ Medici by Sandro Botticelli
Elizabeth Walmsley and Alexander J. Noelle and Babette Hartwieg
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
The nature of the relationship between the three portraits of Giuliano de’ Medici (1453–1478) by Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510) at the National Gallery of Art, Washington...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Portrait painting, ItalianPainting, Renaissance--ItalyPazzi Conspiracy, 1478Painting--TechniquePainting--Conservation and restoration

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“Comparable to the Very Tips of Their Spades”: Technical and Political Connections among Serial Busts of Charles V
Dylan Smith and Wendy Sepponen
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Among the large sculptures that line the great hall of the West Building at the National Gallery of Art rests a bronze bust portraying the sixteenth-century Holy Roman Emperor Charles V...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Portrait sculpture, ItalianHoly Roman Empire--History--Charles V, 1519-1556BustsBronze sculpture, ItalianSculpture--Technique

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The Mellon Mercury: Investigating a Giambologna Replica
Shelley Sturman and Debra Pincus
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
A striking acquisition by The Andrew W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust for the National Gallery of Art was a sculpture of Mercury...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Sculpture--ReproductionMythology, Roman, in artBronze sculpture, ItalianSculpture--TechniqueSculpture--Flemish

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Auguste Rodin and the Question of the Original in Sculpture
Antoinette Le Normand Romain
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Ten bronze casts of the large Thinker by Auguste Rodin (1840–1917) are preserved in the United States today...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Sculpture, French--19th centurySculpture--TechniqueSerial artSculpture--Reproduction

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Vincent van Gogh’s Three Portraits of Marcelle Roulin
Kathrin Pilz and Louis van Tilborgh and Muriel Geldof
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
From the start of his stay in Arles in February 1888, Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) took an interest in a genre that he had barely explored until then—second versions of artistically successful paintings...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Portrait painting, DutchChildren--PortraitsPost-impressionism (Art)--FrancePainting--Technique

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The Story Not Told: The Examination and Treatment of Edward Steichen’s Oochens Series
Linda Owen and Kathryn M. Morales
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Edward Steichen (1879–1973) is best known as a photographer, but early in his career he was equally devoted to painting...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Painting, American--20th centurySerial artPainting, AbstractPainting--TechniquePainting--Conservation and restoration

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Jean Dubuffet: Molding a New Reality
James Gleason
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Jean Dubuffet’s monumental sculpture Site à l’homme assis (fig. 1) was given to the National Gallery of Art in 1991 in honor of its fiftieth anniversary...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Sculpture, French--20th centurySerial artSculpture--TechniqueArtists' preparatory studies

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To Print on Air: Robert Rauschenberg’s Hoarfrost Editions
Adam Greenhaigh and Adam Novak and Julia M. Burke
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Hoarfrost Editions by Robert Rauschenberg (1925–2008) is a print series made in 1974 at Gemini G.E.L. (Graphic Editions Limited), the Los Angeles artists’ workshop and publisher of fine art prints and sculptural multiples...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Prints, AmericanSerial artPrints--TechniqueArt--Conservation and restoration

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In Focus
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
In Focus
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Paolo Veronese’s Finding of Moses: A Reassessment
Joanna R. Dunn and John Marciari
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
A distinct aspect of Paolo Veronese’s (1528–1588) work is his tendency to produce multiple versions of certain favored subjects...
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Subjects: Painting, Renaissance--ItalyHistory of Biblical events--ArtPainting--Conservation and restorationPainting--Technique

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References
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
References
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Free
Photography Credits
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
Description: Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
Photography Credits
Author
Daphne Barbour, Suzanne Quillen Lomax
PublisherNational Gallery of Art
Copyright© 2019 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
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Facture: Conservation Science Art History Volume 4: Series, Multiples, Replicas
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