Index

Connor, Carolyn L.

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Index

Carolyn L. Connor

Women of Byzantium

Index

Author

Carolyn L. Connor

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00178.026

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-19121

Index

abbess, 161, 167, 172, 175, 179, 269–78, 289–307

adoption, imperial succession and, 221–22

adultery, 83–84; in the empress Zoe’s marriages, ch. 10 passim

Aelia, as honorific title, 54

Agathe, festival of, 266

agriculture, women and, 155–57

Alexiad of Anna Komnene, ch. 11 passim

Amalasuntha, 128

ampullae, 9–10

amuletic objects, 100–102

Anastasia, saint, 176

Anicia Juliana, 96, 105–15

Anna, wife of Vladimir of Kiev, 212–13

Anna Dalassene, 242–45, 253–58

Anna Komnene, ch. 11 passim; anti-Latin bias of, 255–57; assassination plot of, 245, 260; education of, 255–57; Homeric stance of, 246–47; influence of Michael Psellus on, 249–50; writing style of, 239–59

anti-Latin bias, 249

Antonina, wife of Belisarius, 119–21, 138

Apostolic Constitutions, 19

apotactite, 41

Ariadne, empress, 48–49, 57

Arian heresy, 69

art, expenditure and, 95; patronage and, ch. 5 passim

ascetic life, 283, 293

asceticism, 174, 177; ch. 1 passim, 203

ascetics, secret, 172, 177

Athenais Eudocia, empress, 49, 55, 59, 60–61, 106, 115

“athlete of Christ,” 24–25

Augusta, 45–46

authorship, female, 180, 238, 245

baptism, 7, 90

Basil the Great, 20

baths and bathing, 127

battered wives, 171

beauty, Byzantine ideal of, 252

betrothal, 23, 48, 122–23, 138–39

body, assembly of nuns as, 292

Book of Ceremonies, 208, 214

“brides of Christ,” 15, 86, 283, 287

brideshow, 47–48, 167, 173–74

Brumalia festival, 266

burial, 170, 179

Byzantine style in art, 182–87

Cappadocia, frescoes of, 196–97, 204

Cappadocian Fathers, 20

ceremony, Byzantine court, 128–31, 145;

empresses and, 47–48

Chalke Gate, 161–63; mosaic of Justinian and Theodora on, 136–37

Charlemagne, 209; Rotrud, daughter of, 209–10

childbearing, 16

children: as nuns, 284–85, fig. 44; upbringing of, 149–51

Chora Church and Monastery, 271, 312–16; Deesis mosaic, 312, figs, 45, 46

Christ Antiphonetus, icon of, 229–30, 235–6

Christianity, edict of toleration of, 13; official religion of Empire, 49

Christianization of Roman Empire, 13

Chrysobalanton, monastery of, 174

coins: Aelia as honorific title on, 68; portraits of empresses on, 45, 51–60, 62–63, 68–69, figs. 3, 5, 8–11

color, symbolic use of, 188

commemorative practices, 271

concubines, 84

Conmenus. See Komnenos family Constantine I, 13

Constantinople, 46; churches dedicated to Virgin in, 59; as heavenly Jerusalem, 46. See also site name

conversion, literature of, 87

costume: and jewelry, 51–53, 57, 100–102, 117, 134–38, 140–45, 149, 174, 233–34, 241; monastic, 168, 280–307, 296–314, 313, pl. 20, figs. 42–44, 45–46

Council, of Chalcedon, 62–63; of Constantinople, 49; of Ephesus, 61; of Nicaea II, 161, 194; in Trullo, 162

cross, cult of, 194–95; patriarchal, 192, 195

cross dressing, 82, 84, 172

crusades, First, 239, 243, 248; Fourth, 263

cults of saints, 80, 85

Cyprian, Martyrdom of Saint, 60–61

Cyprus, frescoes of, 197–204

deaconess, 75, 163, 170, 175

demons and demon possession, 126–27, 155–56, 170, 175–76

Desert Fathers, 14

dextrarum iunctio, 101

Digenes Akrites, 240, 257

donor portraits, 199–201, 203

double monastery, 25, 169

Doukas family, 242–25

dowry, 152, 154, 157, 265, 274

dreams and visions, 178

dress. See costume

Edict of Milan, 13

Egeria, pilgrimage of, 29, 35–44

ekphrasis, 113, 251–52

empresses, of Theodosian dynasty, ch. 3 passim; roles of, 117

Eudocia, empress, 34

Eudoxia, empress, 53–55 eulogia, 31, 37

eunuchs, 82

Euphemia, martyrium of saint, 163

Euphrosyne Palaeologina Synadene, 268, 281, 286–307, fig. 42, pl. 20

families, women’s roles in, 153

female saints: in art, 86–87, 190–96; church calendar and, 190; function of, 190, 204–5; images of, 164, 189–96, pls. 13–16, figs 32–37; local, 203; locations of, 192, 197, 203–4; selection of, 190; virgin martyrs, 192–95; ch. 9 passim

Flaccilla, empress, 49–53

foundations, monastic, 24–25, 268, 273, 278. See also by name

funerary chapels, 271

Gaita, wife of Robert Guiscard, 257

Galla, Wife of Theodosius II, 49, 53, 64

Galla Placidia, 49–53, 64; burial of, 70–72; marriage to Constantius III, 67; mausoleum of, 70–71; patronage of, 70, 72; regent for Valentinian III, 69; and Visigoths, 65–66; ch. 3 passim

gender boundaries, 240, 257–58

Gouber family, 173, 180

Gregory of Nyssa, 19–27

Gregory of Tours, 114

gynaeceum. See gynaikonitis

gynaikeia, 59

gynaikonitis, 47, 208–9, 214, 256

Hagia Sophia, church of, 97, 107, 118, 134, 167, 173–80; mosaics of: John II and Irene panel, fig. 40, 244; Virgin and Child in apse, 188–89, pl. 12; Zoe panel, 182, 232–37, pl. 17, fig. 27

hagiography, 19–20, 78–80, 82, 86, 91–92, 146–48

Hagios Polyeuktos, church of, 106–15; epigram in, 107–15

healing, 26, 170, 179; of women, 104

hegoumene. See abbess

Helena, daughter of Robert Guiscard, 242

Helena, mother of Constantine I, 32, 50–51, 190, 192, 194, 197–98, 200–205

Helena Lecapena, 213–14

Hesychast movement, 276

history writing, 239, 259–60

Holy Apostles, church of, 65

Holy Land, 29–30, 32, 35, 41–43, 60, 61; Athenais Eudocia’s foundations in, 62; crusades and, 244; pilgrimage to, 29

Homilies of St. John Chrysostom, 241, 252, pl. 18

Hosios Loukas, monastery of: mosaics, 191–96, 204; and St. Luke’s life, 196; visibility of women at, 196

hospitals, 277

House of Placidia, 64–65

Hungarians, 243–44

hymnography, 75, 161, 193

Iconoclasm, 159–62, 166, 173, 188–89, 205

icons, 89, 159–62, 166, 168, 173, 178–79, 303–4; faith in, 161–62

Iliad, 239–40, 247–48, 261

images, function of in Byzantium, 185, 189, 192; iconic mode of, 182, 190; liturgical connotations of, 189; narrative mode of, 183–84, 188–89; ornamental mode of, 183; precedence over written word, 188; use of color in, 188; use of labels in, 188

images of women, ch. 9 passim; in church programs, 192–205; physical proportions in, 187–88

inscriptions, dedicatory, 98–115

intercession, 178

invective, Secret History as, 119–25, 127, 131

Irene, the empress, widow of Leo IV, 160–61, 205, 209

Irene, wife of John II Komnenos, 210–11, fig. 40

Irene Choumnaina, 275–76

Irene Doukaina Komnene, 169, 242–44, 256–58

Irene of Chrysobalanton, ch. 8 passim

Jerusalem, 29–35, 92; Holy Sepulcher, 33, 41–42, 89; liturgies of, 41–43

jewelry. See costume

Kariye Djami. See Chora Church and Monastery

Kassia the hymnographer, 161, 193

Kecharitomene monastery, 169, 172, 238, 244–45, 254, 313; typikon of, 244

Komnenos family, 239–42

Kosmosotira monastery, 313

legal protection, of women, 83

levitation, 88, 177

libraries, monastic, 275, 315–16

Licinia Eudoxia, 61, 63–64, 70; daughters of, 64, 67

Lincoln College Typikon, 268, 278–307; images in, 279–307, pls. 19, 20, figs. 42–44

Lips monastery (Fenari Isa Camii), 276

literacy, 264; of women, 213

liturgical calendar, 173

liturgical objects, 96, 97–100

loca sancta, 30–32

Macrina, saint, ch. 1 passim

magic and sorcery, 127, 176–77; to aid conception, 217

Manzikert, battle of, 240, 243

Maria Lekapena, 212

Maria of Alania, 210, 241–42, 245, 251–52, 256, pl. 18

Maria Palaeologina/Melane the Nun, 312–16, figs. 45, 46; identity of, 314–15

marriage, 16, 20, 122–23, 125, 139; imperial, ch. 10 passim; imperial succession through, 207, 216–20, 226; interdictions of, 209; legal age of, 207, 213; legal number of, 214; preparation of brides for, 207–14; with foreigners, 207–9, 211

marriage belt, 101, fig. 16

martyrdom, language of, 14

martyria, 30

Mary Magdalene, 78

Mary of Egypt, 87–93, 198–203

Mary/Marinos, 84

mausolea, 104–5

Melane the Nun, 312–16, figs. 45–46

Melania the Elder, 18

Melania the Younger, 32, 61

Michael Psellus, 208, 215–37, 241, 245–46, 249–50, 252–54, 264, 266

miracles, 26, 27, 155–57, 173, 176–80

monasteries, 75, 163, 170; administration of, 272–74; buildings in, 171; families and, 270, 273, 278, 302–4; female, 23–26; founding of, 273, 278; in late Byzantium, 268–77, 289–307; lay children and, 305; life in, 168–71, 175, ordinary women and, 264–65, 269, 273–75, 306–7; as prisons, 172; reasons for entering, 171; size of, 170

monasticism, female, 159–80; types of, 15

monazontes, 41

Mongols, 263, 267, 312–16

Monophysite heresy, 131; Athenais Eudocia and, 62

Mother of God of Sure Hope monastery, 264, 268–69, 277–307

Mount Sinai, 30, 36–38

names, of women in inscriptions, 98–105

naming, of nuns, 275–78; in monasticism, 168

New Rome. See Constantinople

Nika riots, 118, 126

Normans of Sicily, 240–42, 244, 247, 249, 257

nunneries. See monasteries

nuns, 19, 312–16; categories of, 273–74, 294–307; health of, 298; names of, 275; privileged, 274–75; roles of, 294–307; status of, 170

Odyssey, 239, 247

Olympias, 18, 19

ordinary women, 79, 83–85, 88, ch. 7 passim, 163, 171, 223–24, 236

Ottoman Turks, 263–64, 314–16

painter (artist), 179

Painter’s Manual, 191

palace, imperial, 46–47

Palaeologan dynasty, 263–65, 269

Pantepoptes monastery, 243

Pantocrator monastery, 211

parecclesia. See funerary chapels

parresia. See intercession

parthenoi, 17, 41

patronage, women and, ch. 5 passim

Paula, 18

peacocks, meaning and symbolism of, 108–12

Pelagia of Antioch, 80–84, 86

perfumes, empress Zoe and, 228

personifications, 110

Petrion monastery, 243

Philanthropeia, 50

Philanthropos Soter monastery, 275–76

philanthropy, women and, 153–54

piety, social status and, 96

pilgrimage, ch. 2 passim, 92

Placidia, 105

Porphyra, 48, 238, 258, 261

Porphyrogenitus(a), 48, 208, 258–59

portraits, 241, 244; monastic, 281, figs. 42–44, pls. 19, 20; mother-daughter, pl. 20, fig. 43; of women, 279–307

private monasteries, 167, 171

Procopius’ Secret History, ch. 6 passim

pronoia, 242

prophecy, 149, 174, 179

prostitution, 78, 83, 90, 129, 148, 154

Pulcheria Augusta, 49, 55, 56–59, 62–63; foundations of, 59

Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, 70–72, pls. 1, 2, fig. 12; San Vitale, 117, 133–40, 145; Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, 86–87

reading aloud, 180

regent, empress as, 48, 208

regents, women as, 162

relics of saints, 46, 50, 56–58, 61

Repentance, monastery of, 129

repentant harlot, ch. 4 passim

Rome: Honorian mausoleum of St. Petronilla, 65, 70–72; Mausoleum of Santa Costanza, 109

Russia, Christianization of, 213

saints’ lives. See hagiography

sanctification, process of, 85, 172

Seljuk Turks, 240, 243–44, 263

semantron, 274

Serena, niece of Theodosius I, 65

sexuality, 176

silk industry, 266

Skleraina, mistress of Constantine IX, 226–30

slaves, female, 156

Sophia, wife of Justin II, 132

sorcery. See magic and sorcery

spiritual father, 272, 275

St. Euphemia, martyrium of, 41

St. Mary of the Mongols, monastery of, 315

St. Paul, 2–12

statues, attacked, 53

Stephan, relics of saint, 56–58

“Tetragamy Scandal,” 214

Thecla, saint, 1–12, 21, 22; martyrium of, 8–9, 40

Theodora, empress, sister of Zoe, 205, 214–15, 224–25

Theodora, empress, wife of Justinian I, ch. 6 passim

Theodora, wife of Theophilus, 159, 161–62, 166–67, 173

Theodora Synadene, ch. 12 passim; author of typikon, 285–307; marriage of, 287; nunnery of, 264, 268, 277–307

Theodore Metochites, 277, 312–16

Theodora Palaeologina, wife of Michael VIII, 275–77

Theodosia, martyr, 161, 166

Theodosius I, dynastic house of, ch. 3 passim

Theophano, wife of Otto II, 211–12, fig. 41

Theotokos tes Bebaias Elpidos. See Mother of God of Sure Hope monastery

tombs, 94, 104–5. See also mausolea

tonsure/taking the veil, 163, 168, 174, 180

transvestism. See cross dressing

travel, 31, 35, 39

Trier ivory, 56–58

Triumph of Orthodoxy, 159, 160, 166–68, 205

True Cross, 26, 31–32, 42–43, 194, 200, 202, 205

Typikon, 168–70, 268, 272–78, 283, 285–307

University of Constantinople, 60

univira, 23

Valentinian Dynasty, 49

veil. See tonsure/taking the veil

Venetians, alliances with, 242

Vienna Dioscurides manuscript, 110–14

Virgin Mary, cult of, 75–76; elevation of, 59; icons of, 89; images of, 188–89, 195, 204; as intercessor, 198; nunnery of Sure Hope and, 279–307; protector of Constantinople, 59, 75; as Theotokos, 61–63

virgins, virginity, 17

widows, 74–75, 170–71, 269, 278

witchcraft. See magic and sorcery

women, commercial occupations of, 265; domestic roles of, 74–75; legal rights of, 264; life expectancies of, 164–65; roles in late Byzantium, 263

xenodocheion, 31

Zoe Karbounopsina, 214

Zoe the porphyrogenita, exile of, 222–23, 261; joint rule with Theodora, 225–6; marriages of, 208, 214, 215–37; mosaic in Hagia Sophia, 232–37, fig. 27, pl. 17

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