Index

McPhee, Sarah

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Index

Sarah McPhee

Bernini and the Bell Towers: Architecture and Politics at the Vatican

Index

Author

Sarah McPhee

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00028.016

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-19456

Index

Italicized numbers refer to illustrations

A

Abbatini, Guidobaldo, 81

Accademia di S. Luca, 90, 211, 212

Accolti, Pietro, 41

Alberti, Leon Battista, 105, 111, 141, 163

Alemanni, Nicolò, 201, 203, 155

Alexander VII, Pope (Fabio Chigi), 85, 183, 206, 207

Alfarano, Tiberio, 6, 22, 198, 201, 2

Algardi, Alessandro, 134, 138, Doc. 27, 115

Ameyden, Teodoro, 77

Amici, Andrea, 19

Angelis, Paolo de, 9, 137

Architect of St. Peter’s. See St. Peter’s

architectural competition. See competition, architectural

Arateci, Camillo, 128

Arigucci, Ludovico, 138, 163, Doc. 27

Artusini, Cipriano, 99, 104, 118, 119, 138, 311n. 47, Doc. 24

B

Baldinucci, Filippo

biography of Bernini and, 2, 19, 40, 42, 49, 61, 97, 175–77, 178, 185–86

biography of Borromini and, 51–52

biography of Carlo Rainaldi and, 148–49, 167

Domenico Bernini and, 188–89

Balsimelli, Balsimello, 75

Barattieri, Giovanni Battista, 42

Barharossa, Frederick, 199

Barberini, Antonio, Cardinal, 47

Barberini, Francesco, Cardinal, 83, 201, 203

Barberini, Maffeo, Cardinal. See Urban VIII, Pope

Baronio, Cesare, Cardinal, 8, 9, 10, 83, 198, 200, 202

Bartoli, Papirio, 28–29, 31, 34, 46, 74, 138, 298n. 60, 306n. 146, 36–38, 40

Bellarmino, Roberto, 202

bells, 12, 29, 39, 46, 81, 184, 191, 298n. 62, 299n. 17, Doc. 6

Bernini, Domenico

biography of Gianlorenzo Bernini, 2, 40, 41, 95–97, 166–67, 172–75

Filippo Baldinucci and, 176–77, 188–89

Bernini, Gianlorenzo, 1

antiquity and, 40–41

architect to St. Peter’s, 36, 121

architectural training, 37, 40–42

bell towers. See St. Peter’s

Bernardino Spada and, 55, 103, 119–20, 181, Doc. 18

biographers, 2, 19, 40, 169, 171–77, 190

books, 41–42

Borromini and, 40, 51–52, 96, 164

competition of 1645–46 and, 136–64

winning design, 162–64, Doc. 27, Cat. 8

drawings by, Cat. 5–11, 51–54, 61, 80, 95, 117, 128, 129, 131, 132

Innocent X and, 97–98, 168–69, 173–74, 182

Luigi and, 41–43, 61–62, Doc. 41

Maderno and, 40, 51, 114

Pasce oves meas, 182

plays and, 44, 169–70, 326nn. 22, 23, 26

Raimondi Chapel, 136

Truth Unveiled by Time, 2, 166, 169, 170–72, 189, 138

Virgilio Spada and, 103, 106, 113, 119–20, 181–83, Docs. 18, 42

will, 172

Bernini, Luigi, 41–43, 56, 127, 182

four Victories (angels), 61–62, 76, 163, 303nn. 102, 109, Docs. 13, 41, 78–80

Bolgi, Andrea, 59, 106, 107, 109, 136, 142, 144, 161, Doc. 27

drawings by, Cat. 12–15, 73, 103, 118–21

Bolini, Giovanni Maria, 128

Bonanni, Filippo, 11, 184–88, 200, 211, 7, 142–45

Borromeo, Carlo, 200

Borromini, Francesco, 128, 136, 209, Doc. 18, 159

bell towers and, 17, 22, 37–39, 57, 59, 144–46, Doc. 27

Bernini and, 40, 51–52, 96, 164

competition and, 164

drawings by, Cat. 16–27, 20, 46, 47, 62, 72, 100, 101, 110, 111, 123–25

Innocent X and, 94, Doc. 38

Maderno and, 39, 40, 51, 52, 114

meetings of the Congregation and, 99, 104, 113, 161, 174

opinion of Bernini’s tower, 113–18, 119, 138, 173

opinion of Bernini’s winning competition design, 163, Doc. 27

sounding of the foundations and, 99–103, 105, 119

Virgilio Spada and, 96, 111, 113, 120, 177, 181

Bosio, Antonio, 9

Bracci, Cesare, 73, 186, 187, 329n. 95, 147

Bracciano, duke of (Paolo Giordano II Orsini), 171

Bramante, Donato, 5, 10, 43, 127, 191

Branca, Giovanni, 42

Buonarelli, Costanza, 62, 303n. 104

C

Cappella Paolina. See palaces: Vatican

Capponi, Luigi, Cardinal, 87–89, 90, 120, 121, Doc. 34

Cartari, Carlo, 169

Casa dei Filippini, 139

Castelli, Benedetto, 42

Castelli, Domenico, 128

Castro, war of, 45, 76–77, 79–81, 83–85, 88

Cesariano, Cesare, 41

Cenci, Tiberio, Cardinal, 87

Cesi, Pietro Donato, Cardinal, 87, Doc. 34

Chantelou, Paul Fréart de, 40, 171

Charlemagne, Emperor, 83, 193, 199, 200, 201, 203, 206, 208

Charles I, king of England, 41

Charles V Emperor, 195, Doc. 1, 149

Chigi, Fabio, Cardinal. See Alexander VII, Pope

Christina, queen of Sweden, 175

churches in Rome

Chiesa Nuova. See S. Maria in Valhcella

Gesù, 110

S. Agnese, 71, 94, 128, 190, 209, 211, Docs. 38, 39, 179

S. Antonio dei Portoghesi, 136

S. Bibiana, 40

S. Carlo ai Catinari, 110

S. Cesareo, 10

S. Giovanni in Laterano, 86, 138, 193, 195, 205, 206, 207, 212, 176, 164

S. Gregorio Magno, 10

S. Ignazio, 110

S. Ivo, 134

S. Maria dei Miracoli, Doc. 39

S. Maria di Monte Santo, Doc. 39

S. Maria in Trastevere, 190, Doc. 39

S. Maria in Vallicella (Chiesa Nuova), 85, 110, 150

S. Maria Maggiore, 206, 157

SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, 10

St. Peter’s. See St. Peter’s, New; St. Peter’s, Old

S. Susanna, 13

S. Trinità dei Pellegrini, 136

SS. Vincenzo ed Anastasio, 136

Cigoli, Ludovico, 12, 306n. 145, 8

Clement VII, Pope, 123, 195

Clement IX, Pope, 41

Colarmeno, Giovanni, 173, 180

competition, architectural

bell towers, 136–64, 312n. 47, 321nn. 21, 22, Doc. 27

drawings and connoisseurship, 154, 319n. 12

anonymous proposals, Cat. 4

consultation and, 3, 37, 95, 320nn. 17, 18, 19

at St. Peter’s, 1–3, 12, 37, 119, 121–22, 137, 139–40, Docs. 2, 3

competition, design, 37, Doc. 7

Congregation of the Fabbrica of St. Peter’s. See Fabbrica of St. Peter’s

Constantine, Emperor, 10, 201, 206

Contini, Francesco, 128

coronation, imperial, 193, 194–95, 201, 203, 204, 205, Doc. 1, 151

coronation, papal, 83

Costaguti, Giovanni Battista, 18, 23, 27, 29, 31, 35, 198–200, 23, 26, 29, 41, 42

Council of Trent, 9

Counter Reformation, 10, 200

influence on architecture, 9–11

D

Della Porta, Giacomo, 12, 17, 32, 46, 74, 135

Drei, Benedetto (senior), 127, 130, Doc. 4

Drei, Benedetto (junior), 128

Drei, Giuseppe, 127, 128, Docs. 16, 31

Drei, Pietro Paolo, 54–55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 70, 99, 109, 112, 114, 121–22, 127, 128, 129–35, 136, 142, 144, 180, Docs. 27, 35, 40

drawings by, Cat. 28–33, 81, 98, 99, 108, 109, 113

Dürer, Albrecht, 42

E

Euclid, 42

Eugenius IV, Pope, 200

Evelyn, John, 81

F

Fabbrica of St. Peter’s, 2, 3, 17, 37, 43, 81, 122–24, 182–83, Doc. 14

Architect to St. Peter’s, 36, 41, 96, 121, 123, 127

computista (accountant), 123, 125

Congregation, 1, 37, 39, 50, 76, 104, 122, Docs. 13, 18

architectural competition and. See competition, architectural: at St. Peter’s

cardinals members of, 87–90, 298n. 64, 313n. 62, Doc. 34

congregazione grande, 122, 124

congregazione piccola (particolare), 122, 124, 125

investigation of towers and, 86–87, 90, 95–120 passim, 311n. 47

meetings concerning towers, 137, 311n. 44

27 March 1645, 99, 103, 150, Doc. 21

8 June 1642, 103, 104, 119, 150, Doc. 25

9 October 1645, 121, 130, 134, 136, 137, 140–44, 145, 146, 321n. 27, Doc. 26

20 February 1646, 161, 167, Doc. 28

23 February 1646, 165, 167, Docs. 49, 30

Virgilio Spada and, 86–87, 311nn. 46, 47

economo (bursar), 123, 124, 126

families, 124, 126

Albertini, 126, 128, 130

Drei, 126–27. See also Drei: Benedetto, Giuseppe, Pietro Paolo

Ghetti, 126

fattore (factor), 124, 125–26, 129, Doc. 9

soprastante (supervisor), 41, 54, 124–25, 127–28, Doc. 9

Fabio Chigi. See Alexander VII, Pope

Farè, Giovanni Maria, 98, 105, Doc. 20

Farnese, Odoardo, duke of Parma and Piacenza, 76–77, 83, 84

Ferdinand III, emperor, 84, 203, 207

Ferrabosco, Martino, 18, 28, 29, 31–32, 34, 35, 46, 74, 74, 194–93, 197, 199, 200, 298n. 61, 306n. 146, 23, 26, 29, 41, 42, 45, 142, 147

Ferrerio, Pietro, 177, 180, 181, Doc. 32

festivals and processions, 56, 63, 74, 83, 84, 194–95, 68, 93

Finugio, Girolamo, 11, 296nn. 21, 34, Doc. 8

Flori, Lorenzo, 63, 68, 69, 75, Doc. 17

Fontana, Carlo, 4, 59, 61, 63, 177–81, 184, 185–86, 211, Doc. 39, 5, 25, 140, 141

Fontana, Giovanni, 127

Fouquet, Jean, 151

Franchini, Jacomo, 188, 211

Franciotti, Marcantonio, Cardinal, 74, 87, 89–90, 121, 138, Doc. 34

Franzone, Giacomo, 124

Frederick III, Emperor, 200, 207

G

Galilei, Galileo, 42

Garvo, Leone, 24, 115, 32, 35

Gigli, Giacinto, 63, 75

Giustiniani, Orazio, Cardinal, 161

Gregory XV, Pope, 83, 126, 130, 138

Greuter, Mattheus, 14–15, 17, 18, 22, 29, 105, 137, 140, 321n. 27, Doc. 3, 17, 18, 37, 40, 102, 113, 114, 116, 118, 119, 126

Grimaldi, Giacomo, 6, 8, 13, 24, 107, 109, 111, 177, 184, 194–93, 195, 197, 200, Doc. 22, 3, 4, 17, 18, 32, 147, 130, 152

Guido Ubaldo, Marchese Del Monte, 42

H

Hadrian I, Pope, 199

Heemskerck, Martin van, 1

Henry IV, king of France, 206

Herrera, Monsignor, 74

I

Innocent X, Pope, 1, 3, 207

architectural competition and, 138

bell towers of St. Peter’s and, 82, 94, 95–97, 103, 104, 118–20, 133–34, 140, 161, 165–67, 168–69, 173–75, 176, 187, 190

Bernardino Spada and, 85, 309n. 28

Bernini and, 97–98, 168–69, 173–74, 182

Carlo Rainaldi and, 149

character, 91–92, 170

heraldry, 133–34

interest in architecture, 3, 82, 92–94, 207, Docs. 37, 38

plans for papacy, 83–85, 318n. 46

porphyry stone and, 203–4

possesso, 84

Virgilio Spada and, 85, 91–92, 95, 175, Docs. 19, 37, 38

Innocent XI, Pope, 177

J

John XIX, Pope, 197

Julius II, Pope, 5, 122

Julius III, Pope, 47

Juvarra, Filippo, 211, 162, 163

L

Labacco, Antonio, 41

Lagi, Simone, 47, Doc. 11, 60, 68

Lante, Marcello, Cardinal, 87, 90, 99, 103, 120, 121, 123, 124, Doc. 34

Lassels, Richard, 81

Lateran Triclinium, 201, 203, 155

Legendre, Domenico, 94, Docs. 19, 38

Leo III, Pope, 200, 201, 203

Leo XI, Pope, 123

Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo, 42

Longhi, Martino, 99, 104, 117–19, 142, 128, 136, 138–39, 140–41, 142, 150, 161, 164, 167, 174–75, 177, 180, 181, 186, Doc. 27

Lonigo, Michele, 203

Lorrain, Claude, 39, 48, 92

Ludovisi, Ludovico, 126, 130

Ludovisi, Niccolo, 84

M

Maderno, Carlo, 12–15, 17–19, 34, 36, 37, 46, 127, 130, 144, Doc. 3, 11, 14, 17, 18, 32, 142

bell towers and. See St. Peter’s, New

Bernini and, 40, 51, 114

Borromini and, 39–40, 51, 52, 114

drawings by, 10, 30

foundations of St. Peter’s and, 22–23, 24, 27–29, 31, 35, 51, 52, 109–10, 163, 176, 191. See also St. Peter’s, New: foundations

Maffeo Barberini, Cardinal. See Urban VIII

Maggi, Giovanni, 11

Mallius, Petrus, 197

Manetti, Giannozzo, 192–93, 200

Mantovani, Francesco, 167–70, 300n. 40, Doc. 33

Manzini, Carlo Antonio, 42

Mariano da Firenze, Fra, 198

Maruscelli, Paolo, 104, 138, Doc. 27

Mazarin, Giulio, Cardinal, 136, 171

Medici, Giovanni Carlo de’, 168

Michelangelo, 5, 10, 11, 14, 19, 46, 74, 84, 132, 133, 191

Michelini, Famiano, 42

Milizia, Francesco, 149–50

Mola, Gaspare, 50

Mola, Giacomo, 136

Mola, Giovanni Battista, 136, 156, 161, Doc. 27

drawings by, Cat. 34–36, 133–33

Montagna, Marco Tullio, 47, Doc. 11, 60, 68

Moschetti, Santi, 121–22, 126, 129–35, 136, 142, 144, 161, 318nn. 38, 46, Docs. 27, 35

drawings by, Cat. 37, 114

N

Neri, Filippo, 9, 10, 83, 85

Nicholas V, Pope, 122, 191, 192, 197, 200, 205, 207

O

Oratory of the Filippini, 51, 85

P

palaces

Barberini, 40, 139

Caetani, 136

Ludovisi, 182

Pamphili, 86, 137

Quirinale, 8, 81, 104, 113

Spada, 85, 88

Vatican, 22, 31

Apartment of the Noble Guards, 47, 49, 52, 56, 61, 63, 301n. 59, Doc. 11

Cappella Paolina, 22, 24, 78, 79, 115, 116, 117, 127, Doc. 4, 111

Room of Charlemagne, 39, Doc. 11, 49

Sala Regia, 22, 79, 115, 111

Scala Regia, 22

Palladio, Andrea, 41

Pallotta, Giambattista, Cardinal, 87, 89, 90, 103, 121, Doc. 34

Pamphili family, 83, 85

Pamphili, Camillo, 71, 134, 161, 167–68, 169, 170, Doc. 39

Pamphili, Giovanni Battista. See Innocent X, Pope

Pamphili, Girolamo, 83, 85

Pamphili, Olimpia, 92, 94, 167, 169, 170, Docs. 18, 19, 38

Pantheon, 40, 41, 111

Panvinio, Onofrio, 9

Panziroli, Cardinal, 85, 170

papal primacy, 201, 202, 205

Paul I, Pope, 196

Paul III, Pope, 22, 76, 149

Paul V, Pope, 3, 5, 8, 10, 18–19, 22, 23, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 74, 138, 191, Docs. 1, 3

Peruzzi, Baldassare, 40, 41, 191

Philip IV, king of Spain, 206

Piazza del Popolo, 190

Piazza Navona, 41, 83, 207

Piccolomini, Patrizi, 198

Pio, Nicola, 136

Poli, Fausto, 81

Ponzio, Flaminio, 206

possesso. See festivals and processions

Propaganda Fide, 40

R

Radi, Agostino, 55

Rainaldi, Carlo, 84, 122, 128, 136, 146–61, 167, 175, 183, 187, 209, 323n. 50, Docs. 18, 27, 144, 139

drawings by, Cat. 38–42, 94, 126, 127, 136, 137

Rainaldi, Girolamo, 12, 84, 104, 136, 138, 141, 142, 153–55, 161, 209, Doc. 27, 159

drawings by, Cat. 43, 9, 116

Raphael, 127, 191, 205

The Coronation of Charlemagne, 197, 154

The Fire in the Borgo, 197, 133

Ricci, G. B., 12

Righi, Francesco, 128

Romanelli, Francesco, 49

Rossellino, Bernardo, 36, 122, 191–93, 197, 200, 147

Rossi, Filippo de, 19

Rossi, Marc’Antonio de, 128, 129

Rossi, Mania de, 128, 176

S

Sabhattini, Nicola, 42

Sangallo, Antonio da, 6, 29, 31, 32, 34, 72, 74, 191, 205, 306n. 146, 39, 43, 44

Sangallo, Giuliano da, 127

S. Martino al Cimino, 86, 91–94, 174, 190, 327n. 47, Docs. 19, 37, 38

Sanquirico, R, 13

Sasso, Antonio, 104

Serlio, Sebastiano, 40, 41

Severano, Giovanni, 10, 202–3, 204

Sigismund, Emperor, 200

Silvester, Pope, 201

Silvestre, Isräel, 45, 54, 57, 63, 77, 78, 178, 179, 303n. 115, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71, 83, 88, 91, 140

Sirigatti, Lorenzo, 42

Soria, Giambattista, 39, 44, 46, 47, 55, 63, 69, 71, Docs. 10, 12, 16

Spada, Bernardino, Cardinal, 85, 88–89, 121, 123, Doc. 34

Bernini and, 55, 103, 119–20, 181, Doc. 18

Innocent X and, 85, 309n. 28

Virgilio Spada and, 85, 90–91, 103, 119–20, 150, Doc. 18

Spada, Gregorio, 86, 91, 310n. 36

Spada, Paolo, 85

Spada, Virgilio

amateur architect, 85–86, 310n. 36

mathematical villa, 86

architectural adviser

to Innocent X, 1, 3, 85, 86, 92–94, 204, Doc. 38

to Alexander VII, 128, Doc. 40

bell towers of St. Peter’s and, 86, 90, 95–120 passim, 121, 175, 177, 181–83, 187, Doc. 18

Bernardino Spada and, 85, 90–91, 103, 119–20, 150, Doc. 18

Bernini and, 103, 106, 113, 119–20, 181–83, Docs. 18, 42

Borromini and, 96, 111, 113, 120, 177, 181

competition and, 138–64 passim, 167

discorso of May 1645, 60, 95, 104–13, 118–19, 138, 163, 174, 177, 311n. 47, Docs. 23, 24, Cat. 44, 33, 38, 102, 106, 107

discorso of 16 December 1643, 138–39, 142, 146–48, 150–51, 157–64, Docs. 24, 27

Innocent X and, 85, 91–92, 95, 175, Docs. 19, 37, 38

St. Paul’s, London, 211, 160

St. Peter’s. See St. Peter’s, New; St. Peter’s, Old

St. Peter’s, New, 6, Doc. 3, 17, 19

architectural competition and. See competition, architectural: at St. Peter’s

attic, 13–14, 18, 29, 146, 149, 174–75, 300n. 49, 66, 101

baldachin, 40, 98, 129, 96

bell towers (campanili)

early history, 5, 11

early projects for, 12, 29–35, Doc. 6, 36, 38, 40–42, 45, 46, 47

Bernini’s bell towers

comparison with Maderno, 50–52, 114, 62

design, 36, 46, 58, 72–74, 112

early projects for, 44, 47–50, 52, 59, 60, 61

north tower, 76–79, 114–18, Doc. 17, 88, 89, 90, 111; reinforcing arch, 55, 117, 66, 111

south tower, 1–3, 28, 36, Doc. 27, Cat. 3, 63, 64, 77, 81, 91–94, 108, 111; construction, 50, 52–62, Doc. 17; costs, 50–51, 63, 169, Docs. 31, 33; dismantling of, 165, 167, 168–69, 190, Doc. 31; failure of, 4, 37, 45, 62, 74–75, 82, 95, 183, 190; first level, 46, 56, 57, 58–60, 61, 65, 57, 62, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81; foundation stone, 55–56, 62, 190, 302n. 88, 67; foundations (see St. Peter’s, New: facade: foundations); height of, 71; interruption of work on, 45, 76; investigation of, 86, 87, 111–19, Doc. 32, 102; models for, 44, 46–47, 49, 50, 55, 68, 69, 172, 176, 301n. 60, 304n. 126, Docs. 10, 12, 16; ordinetto attico (third story), 49, 63–65, 67–72, 75, 98, 176, 190, 306nn. 152, 153, Cat. 1, 81, 82; pyramidal finial, 68–72, 74, 305n. 130, Doc. 16, Cat. 1, 2, 81, 84; reconstructions of (author), 70, 305n. 132, 85; reconstructions of (Dagobert Frey), 45–47, 61, 63–64, 70, 55, 56; refounding of, 113, 119, 142, 161, 180; second level, 47, 60–61, 63, 67, 58, 63, 64, 77, 81, 83; spiral stair, 59–60, 190, 305n. 133, Doc. 39, 74–76; spolia, 167, 190, 208–12, Doc. 39; stucco statues of Church Fathers, 79, 98, 163; travertine, 52, 55, 79–81, 307n. 164, Docs. 15, 43; Victories (see Bernini, Luigi)

Maderno’s belfries, 15–16, 27–28, 46, 144, 18, 20, 26, 62, 110, 142

Maderno’s tower bases, 5, 11, 13–17, 19, 22, 24, 46, 58, 100, 105, 112, 115, 15–20, 30, 33–35, 88, 89, 111, 112

foundations of. See St. Peter’s, New, foundations

temporary pavilion, 39, 48, 49, 50

benediction loggia, 11, 18, 19, 23, 29, 46, 115, 164, Doc. 27, 25, 28, 111

Cappella Clementina, 12, 74, 191

Cappella del Choro, 62

Cappella del Santissimo Sacramento, 62

Cappella Gregoriana, 11, 12, 74, 191

choir, 11, 14

Confessio, 127

construction, 5

cracks, 23, 29, 75, 81, 82, 86, 95, 97, 98, 100, 105, 106–7, 297n. 50, 311n. 42, 316nn. 33, 37, 102, 103–5

crossing, 43–44, 300n. 41

design at, 3, 36–37

Fabbrica. See Fabbrica of St. Peter’s

facade, 12–18, 28, 29, 296n. 27, Doc. 8, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24–27, 29, 97

designs for, 34, Doc. 2, 8, 10–13, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43

twin-towered, 191, 193, 205, 206, 208, 331n. 63

foundations, 3, 11–12, 17, 22–24, 27–29, 31, 35, 51, 52, 97, 107–13, 136, 162, 163, 173, 177, 184, 191, Docs. 5, 22, 23, 32, 106–9

investigation of, 98, 99, 100, 103

sounding, 86, 97, 98–104 passim, 105, 119, 173–74, Doc. 20

fountain in piazza, 46, 22

grotticelle (little grottoes), 18, 59, 107

lighting, 18, 164

little domes, 12, 17, 32, 46, 74, 299n. 17, 87

narthex (portico), 18, 22, 25

nave, 10, 11, 14

designs for, 7

sacristy, 11, 14, 190

site, 10, 5, 6

tomb of St. Peter, 10, 193

St. Peter’s, Old, 5, 6, 8, 2, 4, 148, 150

altar of S. Maurice, 195, 201, 203, Doc. 1

atrium and atrium facade, 3, 6, 8, 10–11, 192, 193, 195, 199, 200, 202–3, 205, 3, 4, 152

bell towers, 5, 6, 196

chapel of St. Gregory, 195, 204

Constantinian basilica, 6–9, 10, 22, 191, 193–94, 1, 2, 3, 150, 152

imperial palace architecture and, 193–94

gatehouse church of S. Maria (S. Maria in Turri, inter Turres, in Turribus, etc.), 6, 194, 195–205, Doc. 1, 4, 152

emperor’s vow of fealty, 195, 199, 203, 204

nave, 6, 8, 9, 10, 19, 1, 150

Porta Argentea, 194, 195, 203

porphyry stones, 195, 200, 203–4, Doc. 36, 150, 151

S. Maria inter Turribus. See St. Peter’s, Old: gatehouse church of S. Maria

Stephen II, Pope, 197

Superga, royal church of, Turin, 211

T

Tartaglia, Niccolò, 42

Tessin, Nicodemus the Younger, 180–81, 188, 211, 161

Theodoli, Mario, Cardinal, 87, Doc. 34

Torrigio, Francesco Maria, 9

translatio imperii, 201, 203

Trionfi, Guidobaldo, 324nn. 71, 74, Doc. 23

twin-towered facades, 206. See also St. Peter’s, New

U

Ugonio, Pompeo, 9

Urban VIII, Pope (Maffeo Barberini), 1, 3, 36, 37, 40, 43, 45, 47, 61, 62, 74, 81, 83, 191, 200, 201, 203

war of Castro and, 45, 76–77, 84, 88

V

Valena, Marc Antonio, 23, 63, 69, 169

Van Dyck, Anthony, 41

Vatican Palace. See palaces: Vatican

Vignola, Jacopo Barozzi da, 41, Doc. 27

Vitruvius, 41, 105, 141, 180

Vittone, Bernardo, 212, 164

W

Westphalia, peace of, 85, 201, 206, 207

Wren, Christopher, 211, 160

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