Modular relationships between Back Halls, Six Eastern and Six Western Palaces, and Five Eastern and Five Western Lodges of Forbidden City, Beijing

One of the most important characteristics of Chinese traditional architecture is the arrangement of buildings around courtyards. The courtyard as a fundamental feature of Chinese space goes hand-in-hand with the basic tenet of spatial growth: architecture, and thus courtyards, unfold on the horizontal plane; with the exception of Buddhist pagodas, vertical...