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List of illustrations

  • Cambridge School of Architecture, view of Scroope Terrace
  • Peter Jones, Sloane Square
  • The Homewood
  • Brackenfell, Capon Tree Road
  • Library, St. Catherine’s College, interior
  • Keelson, Hills Avenue
  • The Festival of Britain, the main South Bank exhibition
  • Royal Festival Hall, the auditorium, South Bank
  • Alton West, Roehampton
  • Langham House Close, Ham Common
  • View of Central Plymouth
  • Central Broadmead
  • City of Coventry Plan
  • Broadgate House
  • Lower Precinct
  • Coventry Retail Market, showing roundabout
  • Proposed new town at Ongar
  • Clock Tower, Lansbury, Tower Hamlets
  • Orchard Croft
  • The Lawn, Mark Hall North
  • Point Royal
  • The Twin Foxes public house
  • The Stow
  • Water Gardens
  • Town centre
  • Sunny Blunts
  • Apollo Pavilion
  • Plan of Hook
  • Coralline Walk
  • Bishopsfield (The Casbah)
  • The Concourse Shopping Centre
  • The Brow
  • Flats, Edith Avenue
  • Netherfield housing
  • Shopping Building
  • 9 and 11 Ellers Lane
  • B2 aluminium prefabricated bungalow
  • Scudamore Place
  • Walker's Terrace
  • The Street
  • Flats in St Matthew's Close
  • Barn Field and Wood Field, Parkhill Road, Camden
  • Bledmundsbury, Dombey Street, Holborn
  • Hallfield Estate, Paddington
  • Bevin Court, Holford Square, Finsbury
  • Lutyens, Wilkinson and Chippendale houses, Churchill Gardens Estate
  • Nicholl House and Needwood House, Woodberry Down
  • Roehampton Lane Estate (now Alton West) in the foreground
  • Portsmouth Road (now Alton East) Estate
  • Brandon Estate, Southwark
  • Golden Lane Estate, City of London
  • Barbican, City of London
  • Dorset Estate (Arline Street), Bethnal Green
  • Keeling House, Claredale Street, Bethnal Green
  • Park Hill
  • Wyndham Court
  • Balfron Tower, Tower Hamlets
  • Trellick Tower, Cheltenham Estate
  • Robin Hood Gardens, Tower Hamlets
  • Morris Walk, Woolwich
  • Housing in The Ryde
  • Lillington Gardens, Westminster
  • Brunswick Centre, Bloomsbury
  • Fleet Road II, now Dunboyne Road, Gospel Oak
  • Alexandra Road, South Hampstead
  • Branch Hill, Hampstead
  • Dawson's Heights, Southwark
  • Emmanuel Estate, Camberwell Road
  • Lambeth Towers, Kennington Road
  • Shipley Walk, Byker Wall
  • Kendal Street
  • 14–37 Highsett, Hills Road
  • Park Gate, Somerhill Road
  • New Ash Green
  • Lakeside Drive, Esher
  • High Kingsdown
  • Cedarwood, Beaconsfield Road, interior
  • 5 Pennyfather's Lane, interior
  • St Anne's Close, Highgate
  • South Winds, Cryfield Grange Road
  • 78 South Hill Park, Hampstead, interior
  • Trees, Middle Drive, Woolsington
  • 82 South Hill Park, Hampstead, interior
  • Sugden House (2 Farm Field, Devereux Drive), interior
  • Upper Lawn (The Solar Pavilion)
  • 22 Avenue Road
  • 3 Clarkson Road, interior
  • Spence House, Beaulieu
  • Loom Lane, Radlett, interior
  • Vista Point, Angmering, interior view of stairs
  • Farnley Hey, Farnley Tyas, interior
  • High Sunderland, near Selkirk, interior
  • Turn End, Haddenham
  • New House, Shipton-under-Wychwood
  • Somerton Erleigh, Somerton
  • Grantchester Road
  • Spring House (Cornford House), Conduit Head Road, interior
  • Ketelfield, Higham
  • Space House, Pine Grove, East Grinstead, interior
  • 62 Camden Mews
  • Maltings Chase, Nayland with Wissington
  • 15–19 (odd) Murray Mews, Camden
  • 15 Torriano Cottages, Kentish Town, view of courtyard
  • Creekvean, Pill Lane, Feock
  • Rogers House, Parkside, Wimbledon
  • Ferrum House, Grange Court Road, Harpenden, interior
  • Capel Manor, Horsmonden, Tunbridge Wells
  • Arundel Park
  • Folly
  • Kings Walden Bury
  • Upper Exbury, interior
  • Stratton Park
  • Hill House
  • Romney Avenue Infants School
  • Templewood School mural
  • Sprites School, Sprites Lane
  • Susan Lawrence, now Lansbury Lawrence School, Cordelia Street, Tower Hamlets, interior
  • Westville Road, now Greenside School, Hammersmith
  • Hallfield School, Paddington, interior
  • Brunswick Park School, assembly and dining hall
  • St Leonard's Junior School
  • Eastfield Primary School
  • Great Waldingfield Primary School
  • High School for Girls
  • Hunstanton Secondary School, now Smithson School
  • Sydenham Girls' School
  • Oldbury Wells School, former girls' school
  • Kidbrooke School, interior
  • Elliott School, Putney
  • Rutherford School, now King Solomon's Academy, St Marylebone, interior
  • Haggerson School, Hackney
  • Lyng Hall School, originally for girls
  • Countesthorpe College
  • St Paul's Cathedral School
  • St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School, Orpington, interior
  • King Edward VI Grammar School, sports pavilion
  • Nuffield College
  • St Catherine's College
  • Dining Hall, Churchill College
  • Falmer House
  • New Hall, now Murray Edwards College
  • Law Library, St Cross Building
  • Beehives, North Quad, St John's College
  • Staircases L, M, and N, Brasenose College
  • Blue Boar Quad, Christ Church
  • Cripps Building, St John's College
  • Wolfson College
  • Oxford Centre for Management Studies, Kennington
  • George Thomson Building, Leckhampton, Corpus Christi College
  • Hilda Besse Building, St Antony's College, interior
  • University Centre
  • Senior Combination Room, Downing College
  • Clare Hall
  • Florey Building, The Queen's College
  • Garden Building, St Hilda's College
  • St Mary's College, interior
  • Palace Green Library, interior
  • Mary Harris Memorial Chapel, interior
  • Physics and Cambridge Buildings
  • Cripps Hall
  • Arts Tower
  • Marshall Library, Economics and Politics Building, Sidgwik Avenue site, interior
  • History Faculty, interior
  • Atrium of Ashley Building
  • Library, Law Building, interior
  • Engineering Building
  • Library (Philips Building) to the School of Oriental and African Studies, interior
  • Physics Building
  • Roger Stevens Building, lecture theaters and television studios
  • Attenborough, formerly Gardner, Arts Centre
  • Langwith Hall
  • Dining Hall, Rutherford College
  • Houses for Visiting Mathematicians
  • Norfolk Terrace (ziggurat blocks)
  • Keynes, Tawney and William Morris towers
  • Chaplaincy Centre
  • Weeks Hall, Imperial College
  • Hollings College (The Toast Rack)
  • Renold Building, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
  • Stag Hill Court (formerly Cathedral Court)
  • Royal College of Art, Kensington Gore
  • Woodberry Down Health Centre
  • Woodberry Down, interior staircase with etched glass balustrades, detail
  • MEA House (Community Services Building), Ellison Place
  • Admissions Unit, Fairmile Hospital, Chosley
  • Princess Margaret Hospital
  • Wrexham Park Hospital, ward blocks viewed from the tower
  • Northwick Park Hospital
  • Comparative plans of Northwick park, 1962, and Greenwich District Hospital, 1963
  • Greenwich District Hospital
  • Wythenshawe Bus Garage, washing bays
  • Stockwell Bus Garage
  • Preston Bus Station
  • Manchester Oxford Road Station
  • Coventry Station
  • Birmingham New Street signal box
  • Paddington Maintenance Depot
  • Clapham Deep Tube Shelter
  • Hanger Lane Underground Station
  • Newbury Park Bus Station
  • Highams, Alderly Edge Garage
  • Dover Stage Hotel
  • Forton Motorway Services
  • Lune Bridge
  • Severn Bridge
  • Blackwall Tunnel, north ventilation tower
  • Faraday Memorial, Elephant and Castle
  • Southwyck House, Brixton
  • Birmingham Smallbrook Ringway, now Queensway, rotunda
  • Kingsway Tunnel Ventilation Tower
  • Brabazon Hangar, Filton
  • Air jetty, Terminal 1, Heathrow Airport
  • Technical Block A, Heathrow
  • Main concourse to the terminal building, Gatwick Airport
  • Ratcliffe Power Station
  • Bankside Power Station
  • Oldbury Power Station
  • Heaton Park Pumping Station
  • Ladybower Reservoir
  • Yeovil Cattle Market
  • Furniture Industry Research Association
  • Headstocks for Koepe winding gear, Clipstone Colliery
  • Sugar Silo, Regent Road
  • John Lewis warehouse
  • Commonwealth Centre, Scott Bader
  • Bracken House, City of London
  • Birmingham Post and Mail offices and printing works
  • LCC flatted factories, Long Street and Waterson Street, Hoxton
  • Birds Eye offices
  • Heinz, Hayes, Uxbridge
  • Boots D90 Building
  • New Covent Garden Flower Market
  • Cummins Engine Factory
  • British Gas Engineering Research Station
  • Horizon Factory
  • Former IBM temporary head offices, Cosham
  • Rotork Controls
  • Teaching and Social Wing for Olivetti Training Centre
  • Lewis's Department Store, Ranelagh Street
  • Castle House, interior staircase
  • Castle Market, interior
  • Smithfield Poultry Market, City of London, interior
  • Treaty Centre (Trinity Square)
  • Tricorn Centre
  • Pall Mall Court
  • No. 100 Pall Mall
  • No. 219 Oxford Street
  • Time and Life Building, New Bond Street, detail of stair hall and lobby
  • Carr and Co.
  • Sanderson House, Berners Street, interior view of staircase
  • Vickers (Millbank) Tower
  • New Zealand House, Haymarket
  • Economist Building, St James's
  • Centre Point
  • Nat West Tower (Tower 42)
  • Corinthian House, Dingwall Road, Croydon
  • New Century House
  • Former Pilkington's headquarters
  • Robinson Building
  • Halifax Building Society headquarters
  • Gateway House 1, now Mountbatten House
  • Willis Building (originally Willis, Faber and Dumas), interior
  • Hotel Leofric
  • Former Jack Straw's Castle public house
  • White Knight
  • Victoria, Strathearn Place, Paddington, interior
  • E. Pellicci, interior
  • LCC Restaurant, interior
  • The Dell, Hyde Park
  • St Philip, Cosham, interior
  • St Vedast, Foster Lane, City of London, interior
  • Church of the Ascension, CrownhiIl, interior
  • St James, Clapham, interior
  • St Paul, Lorrimore Square, interior
  • St Oswald, Tile Hill, interior
  • Baptist church, Notte Street
  • Finnish Church (former Seamen's Mission), interior
  • The Lady Chapel, Holy Cross
  • Our Lady of the Rosary, Old Marylebone Road, interior
  • St Mary, Leyland, interior
  • Christ Church, Cheylesmore, interior
  • Coventry Cathedral, detail of interior roof canopy
  • Cathedral Church of St Michael and All Angels, Conventry, choir and sanctuary
  • Cathedral Church of St Michael and All Angels, Conventry, clergy stalls
  • St Paul, College Square, interior
  • Scargill Chapel, Kettlewell
  • St Paul, Bow Common, Tower Hamlets
  • St Matthew, Perry Beeches, interior
  • Church of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ and of the Blessed Virgin Mary, West Malling Abbey
  • Holy Family, Blackbird Leys, interior
  • Notre Dame de France, Leicester Place, City of Westminster, interior
  • Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, external buttresses
  • Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, interior
  • London Central Mosque, Regent's Park
  • Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of SS Peter and Paul, Clifton, interior
  • Keele University Chapel, interior (above the Roman Catholic sanctuary)
  • SS Philip and James, Hodge Hill, interior
  • Kensington Library, interior
  • Holborn Library, LB Camden, interior
  • Swiss Cottage Library, Hampstead, interior
  • Bradford Central Library, interior
  • Fullwell Cross Library, LB Redbridge
  • Jesmond Branch Library, St George's Terrace
  • Birmingham Central Library
  • Redcar Library, interior
  • Maidenhead Library
  • St Austell Library, interior
  • Oasis Pool, Holborn, LB Camden, interior
  • Coventry Central Baths, interior
  • National Recreation Centre, Crystal Palace, interior
  • Geoffrey Hughes Memorial Athletic Ground
  • Edinburgh Dome, Malvern Girls' College (now Malvern St James)
  • Billingham Forum, interior
  • Oasis Leisure Center, interior
  • South Bank Centre, plan
  • Royal Festival Hall, South Bank, interior
  • Purcell Room, South Bank
  • National Theatre, South Bank, interior
  • Chapel, Middleton Hall, interior
  • Belgrade Theatre, interior
  • Nottingham Playhouse, interior
  • Chichester Festival Theatre
  • Leatherhead Theatre, interior
  • Crucible Theatre, interior
  • Barbican Arts Centre, City of London, interior
  • Gulbenkian Theatre, interior
  • Rosehill Theatre, interior
  • Theatre Royal
  • Snape Maltings, interior
  • Curzon Mayfair Cinema, interior
  • Commonwealth Institute, Kensington
  • Christ Church Picture Gallery, interior
  • Kettle's Yard
  • Three Standing Figures
  • Islington Green School mural
  • BT Tower
  • Equatorial Group, the Observatory Science Centre (former Royal Greenwich Observatory)
  • BBC Television Centre, White City, interior
  • Wood Street Police Station, City of London
  • Chesterfield Court House
  • Manchester Courts of Justice
  • Old Bailey extension, City of London, interior
  • Congress House, Great Russell Street, interior
  • Bristol Council House
  • Staines Municipal Offices, now Spelthorne Council Offices, Knowle Green
  • Devon County Hall
  • Scunthorpe Civic Centre, interior
  • Carlisle Civic Centre
  • Newcastle Civic Centre
  • Newcastle Civic Centre, interior view of staircase
  • Plymouth Civic Centre
  • Lys Kernow, former New County Hall, Truro, interior
  • Whitehall, plan (unbuilt)
  • Ministry of Justice Offices, formerly the Home Office
  • Royal College of Physicians, Regent's Park, interior
  • Council Chamber, Sunderland Civic Centre, interior
  • Hillingdon Civic Centre, Uxbridge
  • Sunderland Civic Centre, outdoor stairs
  • Conference Centre, Minster Lovell
  • Underhill, Holme
  • Sutton Place, showing relief by Ben Nicholson in a landscape by Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe
Free
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Contents
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Free
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
This is a book about the rebuilding of England after the Second World War, when architects were among those who sought to create better living and working conditions for everyone, a better educational environment and support for the arts. The hopes engendered by Clement Attlee’s Labour governments of 1945–51 saw some realisation into the...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
All things are ready if our minds be so.William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 4, Scene 3; quoted in Patrick Abercrombie, Greater London Plan, 1944 (London: HMSO, 1945), p. 1.
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.ix-xxxi

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Two aspects of town planning assumed importance in the post-war years. The rebuilding of Britain’s war-damaged city centres in a more logical fashion with updated shopping areas and roads was bound up with deep-seated concerns for sanitary conditions and the imbalance of new industries between older industrial areas and the expanding south-east. The responses of the emerging town planning...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.3-45

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Winston Churchill’s words of October 1940 appeared on the frontispiece of Forshaw’s and Abercrombie’s County of London Plan, indicating how housing formed the core of post-war reconstruction.Winston...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.49-113

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
In an era dominated by public works, it is easy to overlook the building of private houses. Yet, though eclipsed by the increasing scale, range and prestige of other commissions, the house remained a perfect vehicle for experimenting with new ideas, and many small practices specialised in the genre. It also served as a ‘calling card’ for young architects, just as it had in the 1920s...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.117-162

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Schools were one area in which the ‘new program of living’, envisaged by Lewis Mumford and sought by politicians and architects after 1945, made firm progress. Ten thousand primary schools were built between 1945 and...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.167-203

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
In March 1957 The Times castigated the buildings erected by English universities since the war as ‘very...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.207-273

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Britain was the first major country in the world to have a National Health Service (NHS), where health provision is owned and managed by the state and largely supported by taxation...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.277-295

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Transportation was the greatest area of change in the twentieth century. Towns and suburbs had been planned around the railway and tram, to which the inter-war decades added the trolleybus and motor bus. But it was the motor car that changed Britain most profoundly, though it proved the hardest of all innovations to...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.299-331

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Britain sacrificed its economy to win the Second World War. The balance of payments moved so far into deficit that borrowing reached £10,000 million, of which half was met by disinvestment in overseas securities and much of the remainder by interest-free loans (Lend-Lease) from the United States. The new Labour Government in July 1945 looked to America, hoping for a transitional period in...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.335-371

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
‘The shops, the pubs, the big bold cinemas, the tonic banks . . . a high proportion of all these are the work of the architectural “salariat”. And a high proportion are not a quarter as good as they...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.375-417

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
The Church of England was one area where decent architecture already had a place in ordinary people’s lives, for since the eighteenth century some of its most interesting buildings had been built in working-class areas. Such building also demonstrated that the Anglicans had long struggled to attract...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.421-459

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
The first public museums were established on a halfpenny rate following legislation in 1845. The boroughs of Canterbury, Warrington and Salford used the same Act of Parliament to open libraries, and in 1850 the Public Libraries Act allowed a penny rate for these. Meanwhile, in 1846 the Baths and Wash-houses Act...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.463-519

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
After 1945 schools and housing, rather than showpiece town halls, became the measure of a local authority’s worth. New civic offices were more numerous than is supposed, but were outside the architectural...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.523-561

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Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
It seemed in 1960 that the slow, steady growth in building during the 1950s was about to blossom into a wholesale transformation of...
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Related print edition pages: pp.563-569

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Free
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Biographies
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Free
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Index
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Free
Description: Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
Acknowledgements
PublisherPaul Mellon Centre
Space, Hope and Brutalism: English Architecture, 1945–1975
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