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Description: The Language of Beauty in African Art
Note to the Reader
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PublisherArt Institute of Chicago
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Note to the Reader
Diacritics have been used in transliterations of Yòrùbá and other languages at the discretion of the author of each essay.
All translations are by the authors unless otherwise noted.
The term “mask” is a conventional English translation for a concept found across the continent in which supernatural beings or forces manifest in the form of spiritually charged objects physically activated by humans. Thus, “mask” may refer to the particular work that channels this energy; the supernatural being associated with it; the performance (or dance) that constitutes the supernatural presence; or some ontologically complex combination thereof.
 
The general territory occupied by a cultural group is described in parentheses following their introduction, using present-day national boundaries and names. For further information about the regions where they reside, we recommend consulting the AfricaMap extension of Harvard WorldMap (worldmap.maps.arcgis.com, 2008–present), which incorporates Peoples of Africa: Ethno-Linguistic Map (Meur and Felix 2001).
 
For objects where a named or recognized artist has not been identified, only an attribution to an originating culture has been listed. For objects that cannot be assigned specific dates due to a lack of empirical or documentary evidence, date ranges have been provided on the basis of collection information and scholarly assumptions. In both cases, the qualifier “probably” indicates greater confidence than “possibly.”
Measurements are given in centimeters (cm), followed by inches (in.); height precedes width precedes depth. For variable, nonlinear, or ambiguously oriented structures, the measurement is clarified with the following abbreviations:
Diam. = diameter
H. = height
L. = length
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