Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Xinian, Fu; Steinhardt, Nancy S.; Harrer, Alexandra

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Description: Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

BOOKTraditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00358

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23690

Fu Xinian (b. 1933) is considered by many to be the world’s leading historian of Chinese architecture. He is an expert on every type of Chinese architecture from every period through the nineteenth century, and his work is at the cutting edge of the field. Traditional Chinese Architecture gathers together, for the first time in English, twelve seminal essays by Fu Xinian. This wide-ranging book pays special attention to the technical aspects of the building tradition since the first millennium BC, and Fu Xinian’s signature drawings abundantly illustrate its nuances.

The essays delve into the modular basis for individual structures, complexes, and cities; lateral and longitudinal building frames; the unity of sculpture and building to create viewing angles; the influence of Chinese construction on Japanese architecture; and the reliability of images to inform us about architecture. Organized chronologically, the book also examines such topics as the representation of architecture on vessels in the Warring States period, early Buddhist architecture, and the evolution of imperial architecture from the Tang to Ming dynasty. A biography of Fu Xinian and a detailed Chinese-English glossary are included.

Bringing together some of the most groundbreaking scholarship in Chinese architectural history, Traditional Chinese Architecture showcases an uncontested master of the discipline.

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Print publication date May 2017 (in print)

Print ISBN 9780691159997

EISBN 9780300274073

Illustrations 159

Print Status in print

Publisher (in print)

WorldCat

Google Books

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List of illustrations

Map of China
Food offering and other activities cast into bronze wine vessel (hu), Warring States period
Cast decoration on bronze hu showing two pictorial planes of decoration, detail
Representations of architecture inlaid into bronze hu
Engraved image of feasting, inside of bronze cup
Engraved image of ritual shooting, inside of bronze cup
Engraved image of feasting, outside of bronze cup
Images of buildings engraved on inside of bronze dish
Image of building, feasting, and hunting engraved on bronze mirror
Incised image of three-story building on bronze mirror and reconstruction of it
Reconstruction of incised image of two-story structure on gourd-shaped bronze vessel
Incised image of two-story building on bronze vessel (above) and reconstruction of it (below)
Reconstruction of three-story building incised on fragment of bronze vessel
Plan of palace site no. 4, Weiyang Palace complex, Xi'an
Reconstruction of frontal section and alternate versions of building incised on bronze object
Reconstruction of buildings shown in line drawings on bronze cups
Sectional and elevation drawings of roofs on excavated bronze vessels
Roof and pillar representations on excavated bronze vessels
Miniature que with human and animal figures on each side and si'e roof on top
Sectional drawing and reconstruction of taixie structure incised on bronze vessel
Maijishan Grottoes, Tianshui, Gansu
Front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 28
Reconstruction of front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 30
Cap-block, front façade, and plan of Maijishan cave 1
Reconstruction of entrance, plan, cross-section, plan of column base, and pillar of Maijishan cave 43
Reconstruction of front façade and cross-section of Maijishan cave 49
Cross-section of gallery of Maijishan cave 4
Front façade of Maijishan cave 4
Reconstruction of interior niche 7 showing a Buddha cabinet, Maijishan cave 4
Front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 5
Interior of Maijishan cave 15
Interior of Maijishan cave 127, Western Wei
Interior of Maijishan cave 141, Northern Zhou
Interior of corner of Maijishan cave 27 showing decorated pillar and canopy poles, Buddhist niches, and standing bodhisattva
Mural showing architecture on lower half of west wall of Maijishan cave 140
Mural showing palatial-style architecture on south slope of Maijishan cave 127
Mural showing palatial-style architecture in Maijishan cave 27
Mural on ceiling of gallery of Maijishan cave 4 showing residential-style architecture, Northern Zhou
Cross-section of Maijishan cave 3 corridor as it remains today
Theoretical reconstruction of cross-section and original interior corridor of Maijishan cave 3
Three types of exterior building frames that use pillars and architraves
Positions of architraves in Song, Ming, and Qing buildings
Use of inverted-V-shaped trusses (chashou) and braces from Han to Tang
Bundled bamboo columns of the Han dynasty
Evolution of the Buddhist monastery from Yongningsi to Asuka and Nara, Japan
Reconstruction of front façade of Maijishan caves 4 and 5
Cross-section of Maijishan cave 4, showing viewing angles of a worshiper
Cross-section of main Buddha hall, Nanchan Monastery, Wutai, Shanxi, showing viewing angles of a worshiper
Cross-section of main Buddha hall, Foguang Monastery, Wutai, Shanxi, showing viewing angles of a worshiper
Frontal section of upper four levels of Timber Pagoda, Fogong Monastery, Ying county, Shanxi, showing viewing angles of a worshiper
Cross-section of Guanyin Pavilion, Dule Monastery, Ji county, Hebei, showing viewing angles of a worshiper
Rubbing of gedao from Han relief structure
Pottery buildings showing column-and-tie-beam construction
Painting of architecture in tomb of Huo Chengsi, Zhaotong, Yunnan
Gateway with que in mural of Siddhartha Gautama's Four Encounters outside the palace, Mogao cave 275, Dunhuang, Gansu, Northern Liang, detail
Front façade of cave 9, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi
Niche in west wall of front chamber, cave 10, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi
Entrance to gallery in front of north wall, cave 9, Yungang
East, north, and west walls of front chamber of cave 9, Yungang
Five-story pagoda, south wall, rear chamber, cave 6, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi
Frontal view of central pillar, cave 6, Yungang
Line drawing of relief sculpture on lower level of east wall of main chamber, cave 12, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi
Niche decorated with architecture on back (south) wall, Guyang Cave, Longmen, Luoyang
Five types of timber frame in Northern Dynasties construction
Type I construction, consisting of a combination of earth and wood
Type II construction, consisting of mud-earth side and back walls and a timber-frame front
Type III construction, consisting of columns supporting a wooden framework and a timber-supported gallery
Type IV construction, consisting of a wooden frame, purlins or architraves on top of columns, and inverted-V-shaped braces
Type V construction, consisting of pillars on all four sides of structure, high architrave, and bracket sets atop columns as well as between them
Relief sculpture showing inverted-V-shaped braces or trusses and bracket sets at entrances to Southern Dynasties tombs in vicinity of Nanjing
Explanatory drawing of modular units in the sides of the first and second levels of the Hōryūji Kondō
Explanatory drawing of modular units in the sides of each story of the Hōryūji pagoda
Four views of pottery structure excavated in Sui tomb in Henan
Theoretical reconstruction of sarcophagus of Shedi Huiluo and his wife
Stone sarcophagus of Li Jingxun
Actual measurements of architectural members recovered from Shedi Huiluo's wooden coffin, compared to their ideal measurements if construction were based on regulations of Yingzao fashi
Cross-section of Hōryūji Kondō, Ikaruga, Nara
Cross-section of Shanmen, Dule Monastery, Ji county, Hebei
Timber Pagoda, Fogong Monastery, Ying county, Shanxi
Cross-section of five-story pagoda, Hōryūji, Ikaruga
Cross-section of three-story pagoda, Hokkiji, Ikaruga
Cross-section of east pagoda, Yakushiji, Nara
Cross-section and frontal view of five-story miniature pagoda, Kairyūōji, Nara, Nara period
Cross-section and frontal view of five-story miniature pagoda, Gangōji, Nara, Nara period
Cross-section and frontal view of five-story pagoda, Murōji, Nara prefecture, Nara period
Frontal section of three-story pagoda, Kōfukuji, Nara, Kamakura period
Reconstruction plan of Hanyuan Hall, Daminggong, Chang'an
Frontal reconstruction, Hanyuan Hall
Cross-section and elevated corridor to pavilion, Hanyuan Hall
Reconstruction plan of main hall, Hanyuan Hall
Pillar placement if columns omitted from reconstruction plan of main hall, Hanyuan Hall
Palatial hall in painting by Li Song, detail, and reconstruction diagram of hall
Cross-section of Hanyuan Hall showing rammed-earth core
Han solutions to load-bearing and stress based on excavated remains, including tomb interiors
Uses of wall to support the roof of a structure
Examples of bracket sets and beam frameworks from the eighth century
Use of the descending cantilever in the early Tang period
Single-body and double-body que from Northern and Southern Dynasties to Tang
Triple-body que in mural, tomb of Prince Yide, Qian county, Xi'an vicinity, Tang
Plan of three main halls along axis, gates, and pavilions, focused on Hanyuan Hall
Reconstruction of column grid of Hanyuan Hall based on excavation of 1995–1996
Two possible reconstructions of cross-section of Hanyuan Hall
Theoretical reconstruction of plan of palace hall 37 at Renshougong/Jiuchenggong, Linyou, Shaanxi
Reconstruction plan of pagoda, Yongning Monastery, Luoyang, Northern Wei
Line drawing of detail of painting Breaking the Balustrade
Comparison of Tang-Song building components expressed in fen
Comparison of Tang-Song building components expressed in fen
Comparison of width and depth of Tang-Song buildings
Comparison of width and depth of Tang-Song buildings
Comparison of width and depth of Tang-Song buildings
Converting the standard bay width of Song-style buildings according to their cai grade into absolute measurements
Plans of six Tang-period palatial-style buildings confirmed by excavation
Line drawing of Buddhist paradise in Mogao cave 148, Dunhuang, Tang
Cross-sections of two monastery halls
Cross-sections of three-bay timber frames
Line drawing of south side of east wall, Mañjuśrī Hall, Yanshan Monastery, Fanshi, Shanxi
Cross-sections of five-bay diantang (palatial-style) frameworks
Comparison of cross-sections of three fourteenth-century halls in South China with tingtang structure
Comparison of frameworks of Tang-Song diantang and Ming official-style hall
Four floor plans showing the interior division of space in eminent halls of single (diantang) or multiple (diange) stories
Cross-section and plan, Sage Mother Hall, Taiyuan, Shanxi
Four types of tingtang frameworks
Eighteen frameworks for large-scale tingtang
Isometric drawing of Sansheng Hall, Shanhua Monastery, Datong
Cross-sections of three Liao tingtang structures
Isometric drawing and plan of Mañjuśrī Hall, Foguang Monastery
Amitābha Hall, Chongfu Monastery, Shuo county, Shanxi
Cross-section and plan, back hall, Altar of Soil and Grain, Beijing, Yongle reign period
Bracket sets and beam framework of main hall, Hualin Monastery, Fuzhou, Fujian
Bracket sets and beam frameworks of rear eaves and sides of main hall, Hualin Monastery
Bracket sets and beam framework of sides and corners of main hall, Hualin Monastery
Bracket sets and beam structure, Three Purities Hall, Xuanmiao Daoist Monastery, Putian, Fujian
Cross-section of Three Purities Hall, Xuanmiao Daoist Monastery
Details of buildings, all now destroyed, from Ganlu Hermitage, Taining, Fujian, Song dynasty
Technical and decorative features of Song architecture in Fujian
Two examples of Great Buddha-style architecture in Japan
Tingtang framework for ten-rafter framework with a three-rafter beam in both the front and back, with four columns
Comparative details of Song architecture in Fujian and Great Buddha-style architecture in Japan
Line drawings of twenty-two small and large residential complexes in A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains
Line drawings of sixteen residential building complexes with gong-shaped plans in A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains
Line drawings of four bridges in A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains
Eight examples of gong-shaped plan
Plan of Beijing in Qianlong period
Plan of Dadu, capital of Yuan dynasty
Front and Back Halls of the Forbidden City, Beijing
Modular relationships between Back Halls, Six Eastern and Six Western Palaces, and Five Eastern and Five Western Lodges of Forbidden City, Beijing
Modular relationships between gates along main axis of Beijing from Great Ming-Qing Gate to Prospect Hill, Forbidden City, Beijing
Plan of Three Front Halls and smaller structures and gates of the compound in proportional relation to one another, Forbidden City, Beijing
Plan of Imperial Ultimate (Huangji) and Joyful Longevity (Leshou) Halls and proportional relation to other structures, Forbidden City, Beijing
Plan of three main halls of Ancestral Temple complex showing modular relations between them, Beijing
Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex, Yongle period
Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex, Beijing
Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex, Beijing
Plan of Great (Sacrificial) Banquet Hall complex, Beijing
Plan of Altar of Heaven complex, Beijing
Plan of Altar of Heaven complex, Beijing
Plan of Altar of Heaven complex, Beijing

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Contents

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Contents

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23691

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Illustrations

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Illustrations

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23692

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Preface

Nancy S. Steinhardt

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

~When Princeton University Press approached me in 2011 about the possible addition of a title on Chinese architecture in the Princeton-China series of translations by leading Chinese scholars, I could not have been more enthusiastic. The inquiry meant that a field that until the late twentieth century was represented by only a handful of reliable books...

Author

Nancy S. Steinhardt

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23693

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Editor’s Note

Nancy S. Steinhardt

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

~The translation of these essays was a many-step process that occurred over a five-year period. It began with selection of the essays, a choice made in consultation with senior scholars in China and the United States who both have read the majority of Fu Xinian’s oeuvre and are equally familiar with Chinese scholarship on Chinese architecture...

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Nancy S. Steinhardt

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23694

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Chronology of Chinese Dynasties and Map of China

Nancy S. Steinhardt

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Chronology of Chinese Dynasties

Author

Nancy S. Steinhardt

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23695

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Biography of Fu Xinian 傅熹年

Nancy S. Steinhardt

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

~Fu Xinian was born in January 1933 into a highly educated family who traced its origins to the town of Jiang’an in Sichuan province. In middle school, Fu came across articles by Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) about Chinese architecture and the city of Beijing. He was immediately drawn to this field that seemed to him, even in his youth, to be the...

Author

Nancy S. Steinhardt

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23697

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1. Representations of Architecture on Vessels of the Warring States Period

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Ancient texts tell of prosperous Warring States capitals and their beautiful palaces. Many ruins of fortified cities and high-rising building foundations from the period are extant, and their vast dimensions are consistent with historical records. However, most Warring States buildings combined earth and wood, so that it was almost impossible for them to survive the continuous warfare of the...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.1-30

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003581

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23698

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--History--To 221 B.C.China--History--Warring States, 403-221 B.C.Bronzes, Chinese--To 221 B.C.

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2. Reconstruction of Northern Dynasties Buildings Based on Relief Sculpture and Murals in Cave-Temples at Maijishan

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

The Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu province, are famous among Buddhist cave-temples in China. According to a rock-cut inscription dated to 1057, construction began in the Western Qin period (385–400; 409–431). Despite weathering, 195 caves and nearly 200 niches survive. No cave can be proved to date to Western Qin, but a large number of...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.31-78

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003582

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23699

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Northern dynasties, 386-581Maiji Mountain Caves (China)Relief (Sculpture), ChineseMural painting and decoration, Chinese

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3. Early Buddhist Architecture in China

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

The oldest wooden building in China is a Buddhist image hall dated to the year 782. More than twenty older buildings survive in Japan. Thus since the first modern studies of Chinese architecture...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.79-96

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003583

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23700

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryBuddhism--China--HistoryBuddhist monasteriesPagodas--China

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4. The Development of Timber-Frame Architecture during the Two Jins and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

The three hundred years of disunion under the Two Jins and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (281–581) are a turning point between the combined earth and wood structural frameworks of Han and dramatic buildings with curved lines that appear in the Tang dynasty. The Han and Tang styles and construction methods are in sharp contrast to each other, so the development from one system to the...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.97-139

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003584

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23701

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Han dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 A.D.China--History--Jin dynasty, 265-420China--History--Northern and Southern dynasties, 386-589Buddhist cave temples--China

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5. Architectural Features of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Periods in China as Reflected in Japanese Architecture of the Asuka and Nara Periods

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Japanese buildings in Asuka, Nara, and Kyoto, and in Shiga and Hyōgo prefectures, predate China’s oldest wooden structure, the main hall of Nanchan Monastery, dated 782. Moreover, each of the Japanese buildings is in an exceptional state of preservation. Of the approximately 250 Japanese buildings that are designated national treasures, 22 date to earlier than China’s oldest...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.140-166

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003585

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23702

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--Japan--HistoryBuddhist monasteries--JapanJapan--History--Asuka period, 592-645Japan--History--Nara period, 710-794Pagodas--Japan

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6. Hanyuan Hall at Daminggong in Tang Chang’an

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

The Daminggong (Palace of Great Illumination) was located adjacent to the outer wall of the Tang capital Chang’an along the eastern section of the north city wall. Originally it was part of the imperial garden of the Sui dynasty. In 634 the Tang emperor Taizong (Li Shimin) (r. 627–649) built Yong’angong (Palace of Eternal Peace) as a residence for...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.167-208

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003586

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23703

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Tang dynasty, 618-907Palaces--ChinaExcavations (Archaeology)--China

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7. The Module in Tang Architecture

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

We already know that the basic module for design of a Song building is described in Yingzao fashi (Building standards) of 1103, and that it is the cross-section of the joist or bracket-arm. The module is known as cai, a timber whose cross-section is of standard height and width. Its proportions follow a height:width ratio of 3:2.

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.209-225

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003587

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23704

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Tang dynasty, 618-907China--History--Song dynasty, 960-1279Buddhist monasteriesPalaces--China

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8. Imperial Architecture of Tang through Ming and Its Relation to Other Architecture

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Do regional building systems exist in Chinese architecture, systems distinct from official, government-sponsored construction? The answer to this question requires detailed knowledge of Chinese urban planning, landscape architecture, decades of building surveys and excavations, as well as of China’s most important extant individual structures. The first part of the answer requires...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.226-252

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003588

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23705

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--History--Tang-Five dynasties, 618-960China--History--Liao dynasty, 907-1125China--History--Song dynasty, 960-1279China--History--Jin dynasty, 1115-1234China--History--Yuan dynasty, 1271-1368China--History--Ming dynasty, 1368-1644

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9. The Problem of Pillar Displacement with Respect to the Characteristics of Song Construction

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

One often assumes that a pillar-supported building, whether in China or in ancient Greece, Egypt, or Rome, has a complete column grid, or in other words, the position of a column on the exterior anticipates a row of columns inside that extends to the opposite side. A building with eight columns across the front would have eight across the back and eight, counting those on the exterior, from side...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.253-272

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.003589

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23706

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Song dynasty, 960-1279Buddhist monasteriesChina--History--Liao dynasty, 907-1125China--History--Jin dynasty, 1115-1234

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10. Song Architecture in South China and Its Relation to Japanese Great Buddha–Style Architecture of the Kamakura Period

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Three buildings in Fujian define architecture in southeastern China in the tenth and eleventh centuries: the main hall at Hualin Monastery in Fuzhou, dated 964; Sanqing Hall of Xuanmiao Daoist Monastery in Putian county, dated 1016; and the former buildings at Ganlu Hermitage in Taining county (figs. 8.3-1, 8.6-2). These buildings...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.273-295

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.0035810

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23707

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--HistoryChina--History--Song dynasty, 960-1279Buddhist monasteriesArchitecture--Japan--HistoryJapan--History--Kamakura period, 1185-1333Buddhist architecture

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11. Northern Song Architecture in the Painting A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains by Wang Ximeng

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

The long handscroll entitled A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains (Qianli jiangshantu), hereafter referred to as Thousand Li Scroll, by Wang Ximeng, a member of the Northern Song Painting Academy at the court in Bianliang (Kaifeng), is a masterpiece of landscape painting in the Palace Museum, Beijing. Ink on silk with heavy use of blues and...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.296-314

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.0035811

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23708

Chapter subject tags:Architecture, Domestic--ChinaScrolls, Chinese--Song-Yuan dynasties, 960-1368Landscape painting, Chinese--Song-Yuan dynasties, 960-1368Bridges--China

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12. Typical Design Features of Ming Palaces and Altars in Beijing

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

One of the most important characteristics of Chinese traditional architecture is the arrangement of buildings around courtyards. The courtyard as a fundamental feature of Chinese space goes hand-in-hand with the basic tenet of spatial growth: architecture, and thus courtyards, unfold on the horizontal plane; with the exception of Buddhist pagodas, vertical...

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.315-347

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.0035812

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23709

Chapter subject tags:Architecture--China--History--Ming-Qing dynasties, 1368-1912Forbidden City (Beijing, China)Temples--ChinaAltars--China

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