Save
Save chapter to my Bookmarks
Cite
Cite this chapter
Print this chapter
Share
Share a link to this chapter
Free
Bibliography
Debra Higgs Strickland
Description: Saracens, Demons, and Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art
Saracens, Demons, and Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art
Bibliography
Author
Debra Higgs Strickland
PublisherPrinceton University Press
Copyright© 2003 Princeton University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00183.010
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-19757
View chapters with similar subject tags
Chapter images ()
Loading image navigation...
No image index could be found for this publication.
Close this Panel
Show previous images Show next images
Bibliography
ABBREVIATIONS
BL
British Library, London
BN
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
CCCC
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
CCCM
Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis. Turnhout, 1966–.
CCSL
Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. Turnhout, 1953–.
CSEL
Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum
CVMA
Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevum
EETS
Early English Text Society
MGH
Monumenta Germaniae Historica. 15 vols. 1877–1919; repr. 1961.
ÖNB
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna
PG
Patrologiae Cursus Completus, series Graeca. Ed. J.-P. Migne, 162 vols. Paris, 1857–66.
PL
Patrologiae Cursus Completus, series Latina, Ed. J.-P. Migne, 221 vols. Paris, 1844–64.
RS
Rolls Series
I have followed the Douay-Rheims translation of the Vulgate for all Scriptural quotations. In transcribing excerpts from manuscripts and maps, I have expanded abbreviations and added capitalization and punctuation, but I have not normalized spellings or corrected grammar. English translations are my own unless otherwise indicated.
Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
Abelard, Peter. Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian. Trans. Pierre J. Payer. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1979.
———. Dialogus inter philosophum, Iudaeum, et Christianum. PL 178:1609–84.
Adso. Adso Dervensis, De ortv et tempore antichristi. Ed. D. Verhelst. Turnhout: Brepols, 1976.
Aelian. Aelian: On the Characteristics of Animals. 3 vols. Trans. A. F. Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958.
Agobard of Lyons. De Iudaicis superstitionibus. PL 104:77–100.
Alan of Lille. Liber quartus contra paganos: Opinio paganorum qui dicunt Christum conceptum fuisse de flatu Dei. Ed. M.-Th. d’Alverny, “Alain de Lille et l’Islam: Le ‘Contra Paganos.’” In Privat, Islam et chrétiens.
Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus). De natura loci. In Alberti Magni: Opera omnia, vol. 5, pt. 2, ed. Paul Hossfeld. Aschendorff: Monasterii Westfalorum, 1980.
Alexander. Alexander Minorita Expositio in Apocalypsim. Ed. A. Wachtel. MGH: Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, Bd. 1. Weimar: Böhlau, 1955.
Alvaro, Paolo. Indiculosus luminosus. In Enrique Florez, España sagrada: teatro geográficohistórico de la iglesia de España, vol. 11. Madrid: J. Rodriguez, 1860–1907.
Ambroise. The Crusade of Richard Lion-Heart by Ambroise. Trans. Merton Jerome Hubert. New York: Columbia University Press, 1941.
Ambrose of Milan. Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam. PL 15:1603–1944.
Anonymi physiognomonia liber latinus. In Scriptores physiognomonici graeci et latini, vol. 2, ed. Richard Foerster. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1893.
Aquinas, Thomas. On the Government of Rulers: De regimine principum. Trans. James M. Blythe. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
Aristotle. Aristotle: The Politics. Ed. and trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1932.
Athenaeus. Athenaeus: The Deipnosophists. Vol. 4. Trans. G. B. Guluck. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1930.
Augustine of Hippo. City of God. Trans. Marcus Dods. In St. Augustins City of God and Christian Doctrine, ed. Philip Schaff. Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2. 1871. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 1983.
———. “Concerning Faith of Things Not Seen.” Trans. C. L. Cornish. In St. Augustin: On the Holy Trinity, Doctrinal Treatises, Moral Treatises, ed. Philip Schaff. Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 1887.
———. De fide rerum quae non videntur. PL 40:171–80.
Augustine of Hippo. Enarrationes in psalmos. PL 36, 37.
———. “In Answer to the Jews.” Trans. Sister Marie Liguori. In Saint Augustine, Treatises on Marriage and Other Subjects, ed. Roy J. Deferrari. Fathers of the Church, vol. 27. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America, 1955.
———. Quaestiones in Heptateuchum. Ed. Lucas Verheijen. CCSL 33 (1958).
———. Sermons. PL 48, 49.
———. Sermons on the Liturgical Seasons. Trans. Sister Mary Sarah Muldowney. Fathers of the Church, vol. 38. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1959.
———. Tractatus adversus Judaeos. PL 42:51–64.
Bacon, Roger. Mathematicae. In Opus maius, vol. 1, ed. John Henry Bridges. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897.
———. Secretum secretorum. In Opera hactenus inedita Rogeri Baconi, vol. 5, ed. Robert Steele. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920.
Barber, Richard. Bestiary. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 1993.
Bartholomew the Englishman (Bartholomeus Anglicus). On the Properties of Things. 2 vols. Trans. John Trevisa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
Bartsch, Karl, ed. Reinfrid von Braunschweig. In Bibliothek des litterarisch en Vereins in Stuttgart, no. 109. Tübingen: Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, 1871.
Basil the Great. Hexaemeron. PG 29:2–208.
Basilis. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Vol. 3C. Ed. Felix Jacoby. Leiden: Brill, 1958.
Benedict the Pole. Narrative. Trans, by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey. In Dawson, The Mongol Mission.
Beowulf. London, BL, MS Cotton Vitellius A.XV, fols. 132–20IV.
Berengaudus. Expositio super septem visiones libri Apocalypsis. PL 17:765–970.
Bernard of Clairvaux. The Letters of St. Bernard. Trans. Bruno Scott James. Stroud: Sutton, 1998.
Bestiarium. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 88, vol. II.
Boethius. Commentaria in Porphyrium. PL 64:71–158.
Brault, Gerard J., ed. and trans. The Song of Roland: An Analytical Edition. 2 vols. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.
Brundage, James. Crusades: A Documentary Survey. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1962.
Brunner, Karl, ed. Der mittelenglische Versroman über Richard Löwenherz. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1913.
Burgess, Glyn S., ed. and trans. The Pilgrimage of Charlemagne. New York: Garland, 1988.
Cassiodorus. Exposito in psalterium. PL 70:1–1056.
Catalani, Jordanus. Mirabilia Descripta: The Wonders of the East by Friar Jordanus. Trans. Henry Yule. Hakluyt Society, no. 31. London: Hakluyt Society, 1863.
Chrysostom, John. Adversus Judaeos Orationes. PG 48:843–942.
Clerk of Enghien. La maniere et les faitures des monstres des hommes qui sont en Orient et le plus en Inde. Ed. Alfons Hilka. In Eine altfranzösische moralisierende Bearbeitung des Liber de Monstruosis Hominibus Orientis aus Thomas von Cantimpré, De Naturis Rerum. Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen: Philologisch-Historische Klasse 7. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1933.
Clopper, Lawrence M., ed. Chester. Records of Early English Drama. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
Cogliati Arano, Luisa, trans. The Medieval Health Handbook: Tacuinum Sanitatis. New York: Braziller, 1976.
Curley, Michael J., trans. Physiologus. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.
Dante. The Divine Comedy. 3 vols. Trans. Mark Musa. New York: Penguin, 1962–85.
Dawson, Christopher, ed. The Mongol Mission. London: Sheed and Ward, 1955.
Didymus the Blind. Sur Zacharie. 3 vols. Trans. L. Doutreleau. Sources Chrétiennes 84. Paris: Cerf, 1962.
Diogenes Laertius. Diogenis Laertii Vitae Philosophorum. 2 vols. Ed. H. S. Long. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.
Edbury, Peter, ed. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996.
Eidelbert, Shlomo, ed. and trans. The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.
Embrico of Mainz. Embricon de Mayence: La Vie de Mahomet. Ed. Guy Cambier. Brussels: Latomus Revue d’Études Latines, 1962.
Ettmüller, Ludwig, ed. Die beiden ältesten deutschen Jahrbücher der Stadt Zürich. Mittheilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich 2. Zurich: [s.n.], 1844.
Eulogius of Cordoba. Liber apologeticas martyrum. PL 115:851–870.
———. Memorialis sanctorum. PL 115:731–818.
Fairfax, Edward, trans. Godfrey of Bulloigne; or the Recovery of Jerusalem. 2 vols. Windsor: S. Kirby, 1817.
Felix. Felix’s Life of Saint Guthlac. Ed. and trans. Bertram Colgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956.
Finnegan, Robert Emmett, ed. Christ and Satan: A Critical Edition. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977.
Francis of Assisi. The Writings of Saint Francis of Assisi. Trans. Ignatius Brady. Assisi: Casa Editrice Francescana, 1995.
Fulcher of Chartres. A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095–1127. Trans. Frances Rita Ryan. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.
Galen. Galen’s Commentary on the Hippocratic Treatise Airs, Waters, Places in the Hebrew Translation of Solomon Ha-Me’ati. Trans. A. Wasserstein. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1982.
———. De humoribus liber. In Medicorum graecorum opera, vol. 19, ed. Karl Gottlob Kühn. Leipzig: Car. Cnoblochii, 1830.
———. Selected Works. Trans. P. N. Singer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Gautier de Coinci. Les Miracles de Nostre Dame par Gautier de Coinci. 4 vols. Ed. V. F. König. Geneva: Droz, 1955–70.
Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis). Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Ed. J. S. Brewer. Vol. 6, Descriptio Kambriae, ed. J. F. Dimock. London: Longmans, 1868.
———. Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Vol. 8, De principis instructione, ed. George F. Warner. London: HMSO, 1891.
———. The Journey Through Wales/The Description of Wales. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: Penguin, 1978.
Ginzberg, L. The Legends of the Jews. 7 vols. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1909.
Gosman, Martin, ed. La Lettre du Prêtre Jean: les versions en ancien français et en ancien occitan. Groningen: Bouma’s Boikhuis, 1982.
Grayzel, Solomon, trans. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century. Rev. ed. New York: Hermon Press, 1966.
Greg, W. W, ed. The Play of Antichrist from the Chester Cycle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935.
Gregory the Great. Dialogues. PL 77:149–430.
———. Moralia in Job. PL 75:509–76:782.
Guest, Gerald B., trans. Bible Moralisée. Manuscripts in Miniature no. 2. London: Harvey Miller, 1995.
Guillaume le Clerc. Bestiaire. BN, MS fr. 14969.
———. The Bestiary of Guillaume le Clerc. Trans. George Druce. Ashford, Kent: Headley Brothers, 1936.
———. Das Thierbuch des normannischen Dicters Guillaume le Clerc. Ed. Robert Reinsch. Weisbaden: Dr. Martin Sändig, 1967.
Hamelius, P, ed. Mandeville’s Travels. 2 vols. EETS 153, 154 (1919).
Happé, Peter, ed. English Mystery Plays. New York: Penguin, 1975.
Heliodorus. Ethiopian Story. Ed. J. R. Morgan. Trans. Walter Lamb. Everyman Library. London: J. M. Dent, 1997.
Helm, Karl, ed. Das Buch der Maccabäer in mitteldeutscher Bearbeitung. Tübingen: Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, 1904.
Hennecke, Edgar, and Wilhelm Schneemelcher, eds. New Testament Apocrypha. Vol. 1, ed. R. McL. Wilson. London: SCM Press, 1963.
Herodotus. Herodotus. 4 vols. Ed. and trans. A. D. Godley. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1938.
Herrad of Hohenbourg. Hortus Deliciarum, 2 vols. Ed. Rosalie Green et al. London: Warburg Institute, 1979.
Hildebert of Mans (attr.). Vita Mahumeti. PL 171:1343–66.
Hill, Rosalind, ed. and trans. The Deeds of the Franks and the Other Pilgrims to Jerusalem. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
Hilton, Walter, trans. Of Angels’ Song. In Two Minor Works of Walter Hilton, ed. Fumio Kuriyagawa and Toshiyuki Takamiya. Tokyo: (privately printed), 1980.
Hippocrates (attr.). Airs, Waters, Places. In Hippocrates, vol. 1, trans. W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1923.
Homer. The Iliad. Trans. A. T. Murray. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Honorius Augustodunensis. Elucidarium. PL 172:1109–76.
Horrox, Rosemary, ed. and trans. The Black Death. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.
Ibn Khaldūn. Mukaddima. Trans. Joseph M. Cuoq. In Recueil des sources arabes concernant l’Afrique occidentale du Ville au XVIe siècle [Bilād ad-Sūdān]. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1975.
Innocent III. Regestorum sive Epistolarum. PL 214–16.
Isidore of Seville. An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville. Trans. Ernest Brehaut. New York: Franklin, 1964.
———. De fide catholica contra ludeos. PL 83:449–558.
———. Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX. 2 vols. Ed. W. M. Lindsay. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911.
Jacobus de Voragine. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints. 2 vols. Trans. William Granger Ryan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Jacques de Vitry. Les Lettres de Jacques de Vitry (1160/70), éveque de Saint-Jean d’Acre. Ed. R.B.C. Huygens. Leiden: Brill, 1960.
James, M. R. Marvels of the East. Oxford: Roxburghe Club, 1929.
———. “Pictor in Carmine.” Archaeologia 94 (1951): 141–66.
Jerome. Tractatus in Librum Psalmorum. Ed. D. Germanus Morin. CCSL 78 (1958).
Joachim of Fiore. Adversus ludeos di Gioacchino da Fiore. Ed. Arsenio Frugoni. Fonti per la Storia d’ltalia, no. 95. Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano, 1957.
Jocelin of Brakelond. Chronicle of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. Trans. Diana Greenway and Jane Sayers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
John of Plano Carpini. History of the Mongols. Trans. by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey. In Dawson, The Mongol Mission.
John of Salisbury. Policraticus. Ed. and trans. C. J. Nederman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
John of Würzburg. Description of the Holy Land by John of Würzburg. Trans. Aubrey Stewart. Palestine Pilgrim’s Text Society, no. 14. 1890.
Johnston, Alexandra F., and Margaret Rogerson, eds. York. 2 vols. Records of Early English Drama. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
Joinville, Jean de. The Life of Saint Louis. In Chronicles of the Crusades: Joinville and Villehardouin, trans. M.R.B. Shaw. New York: Dorset Press, 1985.
Josephus. Jewish Wars. In The Works of Josephus, trans. William Whiston. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1987.
Kennedy, Charles W, trans. The Caedmon Poems. London: Routledge, 1916.
Kim, H. C., ed. The Gospel of Nicodemus. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973.
Krey, August C., ed. and trans. The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eye-Witnesses and Participants. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1958.
Kroeber, A., and G. Servois, eds. Fierabras: Chanson de geste. Paris: A. Franck, 1860.
Lactantius Placidus. Lactantius Placidus, Commentarii in Thebaida. Ed. R. Jahnke. Stuttgart: G. B. Teubner, 1997.
Langland, William. The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, Part 2. Ed. Walter W. Skeat. EETS 38 (1869) (B-Text).
———. The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, Part 3. Ed. Walter W. Skeat. EETS 54 (1873) (C-Text).
Leo the Great. Sermones. PL 54:137–468.
Lepage, Yvan G., ed. Le Roman de Mahomet de Alexandre du Pont (1258). Paris: Editions Klincksieck, 1977.
Libri Carolini. PL 98:941–1248.
Lombard, Peter. Commentarium in Psalmum. PL 191:61–1296.
Lumiansky, R. M., and David Mills, eds. The Chester Mystery Cycle. 2 vols. EETS, s.s. 3, 9 (1974).
Macrobius. Commentary on the Dream of Scipio. Trans. William Harris Stahl. 1952. Reprint, New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.
Marcus, Jacob R. The Jew in the Medieval World. 1938. Reprint, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1980.
Martini, Raymundi. Pugio fidei adversus Mauros et Judaeos. Leipzig, 1687.
McGurk, Patrick, et al., eds. An Eleventh-Century Anglo-Saxon Illustrated Miscellany. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1983.
Meeks, Wayne A., and Robert L. Wilken. Jews and Christians in Antioch in the First Four Centuries of the Common Era. Missoula: Scholar’s Press, 1978.
Meredith, Peter, ed. The Passion Play from the N. Town Manuscript. London: Longman, 1990.
Morris, Richard, ed. Cursor Mundi. 3 vols. EETS 57, 99, 101, 59, 62, 66, 68 (1874–93).
Moseley, C.W.R.D., trans. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983.
Neumüller, W, ed. Speculum Humanae Salvationis: Vollständige Faksimile-Ausgabe des Codex Cremifanensis 243 des Benediktinerstifts Kremsmünster. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1972.
Nicholas of Lynn. The Kalendarium of Nicholas of Lynn. Ed. Sigmund Eisner. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980.
Nicholson, Helen J., trans. Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.
Odo of Cluny. De vita S. Geraldi Auriliacensis comitis. PL 133:639–704.
Oesterley, Hermann, ed. Gesta Romanorum. 1872. Reprint, Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1963.
Ohlgren, Thomas H., ed. Anglo-Saxon Textual Illustration. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute, 1992.
Origen. In Lucam Homilia. PG 13:1801–1902.
Otto of Freising. Historia de duabus civitatibus. Ed. A. Hofmeister. In MGH Scriptores (SS) rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum. 1912.
Pack, Roger, ed. ‘Auctoris Incerti De Physiognomonia Libellus.” Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age 41 (1975): 113–38.
Paris, Matthew. Chronica majora. Ed. H. R. Luard. 7 vols. RS. London, 1872–83.
———. Matthaei Parisensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum. Ed. Frederic Madden. 3 vols. London: Longmans, 1866–69.
———. Matthew Paris’s English History. 3 vols. Trans. J. A. Giles. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1852–54.
Paulinus of Nola. Carmina. Ed. Guilelumus de Hartel. CSEL 30 (1894).
Peter Comestor. Historia scholastica. PL 198:1049–1722.
Peter of Cornwall. Pantheologus. BL, MS Royal 7.C.XIV.
Peter of Eboli. Liber ad Honorem Augusti di Pietro da Eboli. Ed. G. B. Siragusa. Rome: Forzani, 1905.
Peter the Chanter. Verbum abbreviatum. PL 205:21–370.
Peter the Venerable. Petri Venerabilis: Adversus Iudeorum inverteratam duritiem. Ed. Yvonne Friedman. CCCM 58 (1985).
———. Adversus sectam saracenorum. PL 189:659–720.
———. De miraculis. PL 189:851–954.
———. Letters. 2 vols. Ed. Giles Constable. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Pliny the Elder. Pliny: Natural History. Vol. 1. Ed. and trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. 1938. Reprint, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979.
———. Pliny: Natural History. Vol. 2. Ed. and trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. 1942. Reprint, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1989.
———. Pliny: Natural History. Vol. 3. Ed. and trans. H. Rackham. 2nd ed. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Plutarch. Plutarch’s Lives. Vol. 9. Ed. and trans. Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1920.
Polemo. Physiognomonicon. In Scriptores physiognomoniac veteres, ed. Johann Georg Friedrich Franz. Altenburg, 1780.
Polo, Marco. Travels. Trans. Ronald Latham. New York: Penguin, 1958.
Porsia, Franco, ed. Liber monstrorum. Bari: Dedalo Libri, 1976.
Prigent, P, and R. A. Kraft, eds. and trans. Epître de Barnabe. Sources Chrétiennes, 172. Paris: Cerf, 1971.
Pseudo-Aristotle. Physiognomonica. In Scriptores physiognomonici graeci et latini, vol. 1, ed. Richard Foerster. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1893.
Pseudo-Augustine. De Altercatione Ecclesiae et Synagogae. PL 42:51–64.
Pseudo-Dionysius. Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works. Trans. Colm Luibheid. New York: Paulist Press, 1987.
Pseudo-Jerome. Breviarium in Psalmos. PL 26:863–1382.
Pseudo-Matthew. The Book about the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior. Trans. David R. Cartlidge and David L. Dungan. In The Other Bible, ed. Willis Barnstone. San Francisco: Harper Sc Row, 1984.
Pseudo-Methodius. “The Middle English Metrical Version of the Revelations of Methodius.” Ed. Charlotte d’Evelyn. Publications of the Modern Language Association 33 (1918).
———. “Methodius: pe Bygnnyng of pe World and pe Ende of Worldes.” Ed. Aaron J. Perry. In John Trevisa, Dialogus inter militem et clericum. EETS 167 (1925).
Ptolemy. Tetrabiblos. Ed. and trans. F. E. Robbins. Loeb Classical Library. 1940. Reprint, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Ratramnus of Corbie. Epistola de Cynocephalis. PL 121:1153–56.
———. “Epistola 12.” In Epistolae Karolini aevi. Ed. Ernst Dummler. MGH Epistolarum 6. Berlin: Weidmann, 1925.
Ricold of Monte Croce. Itinerarium. In Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quattuor. Ed. J.C.M. Laurent. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs Bibliopola, 1864.
Robbins, Rossell Hope, ed. Historical Poems of the XIVth and XVth Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.
Raoul Glaber (Rodulfus Glaber). The Five Books of the Histories. Ed. and trans. John France. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Roger of Howden (attr.). The Annals of Roger de Hoveden. 2 vols. Trans. Henry T. Riley. 1853. Reprint, Felinfach: Llanerch Publishers, 1997.
———. Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benedicti Abbatis. Ed. William Stubbs. RS 49. London, 1867.
Roy, Emile, ed. Le Jour de Jugement: Mystère français sur le Grand Schisme. 1902. Reprint, Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1976.
Rutbeuf. Le Miracle de Théophile. Ed. and trans. Jean Dufournet. Paris: Flammarion, 1987.
Silvester, Bernard. The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris. Trans. Winthrop Wetherbee. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.
Simon of Saint-Quentin. Simon de Saint-Quentin: Histoire des Tartares. Ed. Jean Richard. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1965.
Simonsohn, Shlomo. The Apostolic See and the Jews, Documents: 492–1404. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1988.
Skeat, W. W, ed. The Wars of Alexander. EETS, e.s. 47 (1886).
Smithers, G. V, ed. Kyng Alisaunder. 2 vols. EETS, o.s. 227, 237 (1952, 1957).
Smits, Kathryn, ed. Das Frühmittelhochdeutsche Wiener Genesis: Kritische Ausgabe mit einem einleitenden Kommentar zur Überlieferung. Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1962.
Solinus. Collectanea rerum memorabilium. 2nd ed. Ed. Theodor Mommsen. Berlin: Weidmann, 1958.
———. The Excellent and Pleasant Worke … of Caius Julius Solinus. Trans. Arthur Golding. 1587. Reprint, Gainesville, Fla.: Scholars’ Facsimiles & Reprints, 1955.
Steele, Robert, ed. Three Prose Versions of the Secreta Secretorum. EETS, e.s. 74 (1898).
Suchier, Hermann, ed. Les Narbonnais. 2 vols. Paris: Firmin Didot, 1898.
Svenberg, Emmanual, ed. Lunaria et Zodiologia latina. Stockholm: Almqvist Sc Wiksell, 1963.
Tanner, N. P, ed. Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Sheed Sc Ward, 1990.
Thomas of Cantimpré. “Thomas of Cantimpré, De naturis rerum: Prologue, Book III and Book XIX.” Ed. John Block Friedman. Cahiers d’études médiévales 2 (1974): 107–54.
Thomas, J. W., and Carolyn Dussèrre, trans. The Legend of Duke Ernst. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.
Ugolino di Monte Santa Maria. The Little Flowers of St. Francis. Trans. Raphael Brown. New York: Image Books, 1958.
Vincent of Beauvais. Speculum naturale. In Speculum Quadruplex; sive Speculum Majus. Vol. 1, 1624. Reprint, Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964.
Vööbus, Arthur, trans. The Didascalia Apostolorum in Syriac. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 402. Louvain, 1979.
Weiland, L. “Niederdeutsche Pilatuslegende.” Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 17 (1874): 147–60.
White, T. H., ed. and trans. The Book of Beasts. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1954.
William of Malmesbury. William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regvm Anglorvm: The History of the English Kings. Vol. 1. Ed. and trans. R.A.B. Mynors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
William of Newburgh. The History of William of Newburgh. Trans. Joseph Stevenson. 1856. Reprint, Felinfach: Llanerch Publishers, 1996.
William of Rubruck. Itinerarium. Ed. A. van der Wyngaert. In Sínica Franciscana, vol. 1. Florence: Quaracchi, 1929.
———. Journey. Trans, by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey. In Dawson, Mongol Mission.
William of Tripoli. Wilhelm von Tripolis: Notitia de Machometo, De statu Sarracenorum. Ed. and trans. Peter Engels. Würzburg: Echter, 1992.
William of Tyre. Willelmi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi Chronicon. Ed. R.B.C. Huygens. CCCM 63 (1986).
———. A History of Deeds Done beyond the Sea. 2 vols. Ed. and trans. E. A. Babcock and A. C. Krey. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.
Wright, John, trans. The Play of Antichrist. Toronto: Pontifical Institute, 1967.
Zaganelli, Gioia, ed. and trans. La Lettera del Prete Gianni. Parma: Pratiche Editrice, 1990.
Zarncke, Friedrich. “Der Brief des Presters Johannes an den byzantinischen Kaiser Emanuel.” Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Classe der königlich sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenshaften 7 (1879): 873–934. Reprinted in Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
SECONDARY OURCES
Abulafia, Anna Sapir. Christians and Jews in Dispute: Disputational Literature and the Rise of AntiJudaism in the West (1000–1150). Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.
Adler, M. The Jews of Medieval England. London: Jewish Historical Society of England, 1939.
Aichele, Klaus. Das Antichristdrama des Mittelalters der Reformation und Gegenreformation. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974.
Alphandéry, P. “Mahomet-Antichrist dans le Moyen Age latin.” In Mélanges Hartwig Derenbourg. Paris: Leroux, 1909.
Ameisenowa, Z. “Animal-Headed Gods, Evangelists, Saints and Righteous Men.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 12 (1949): 21–45.
Anderson, Alexander Runni. Alexanders Gate, Gog and Magog, and the Inclosed Nations. Cambridge, Mass.: Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
Avril, François. Manuscript Painting at the Court of France: The Fourteenth Century (1310–1380). New York: Braziller, 1978.
Baird, Joseph L. “The Devil in Green.” Neuphilologische Mittelungen 69 (1968): 575–78.
Baldwin, J. W. Masters, Princes, and Merchants. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Ballabriga, A. “Le Malheur des nains: Quelques aspects du combat des grues contre les Pygmées dans la littérature grecque.” Revue des études anciennes 83 (1981): 57–74.
Bancourt, Paul. Les Musulmans dans les chansons de geste du cycle du roi. 2 vols. Aix-en-Provence: Publications Diffusion, 1982.
Barber, Malcolm. The Cathars in Languedoc. Harlow: Longman, 2000.
———. “How the West Saw Medieval Islam.” History Today 47, no. 5 (1997): 44–50.
———. “Lepers, Jews, and Moslems: The Plot to Overthrow Christendom in 1321.” History 66 (1981): 1–17.
Barkan, Leonard. Natures Work of Art: The Human Body as Image of the World. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975.
Bartlett, Robert. Gerald of Wales, 1146–1223. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
Barton, Tamsyn. Ancient Astrology. London: Routledge, 1994.
———. Power and Knowledge: Astrology, Physiognomics, and Medicine. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Bartra, Roger. Wild Men in the Looking Glass: The Mythic Origins of European Otherness. Trans. Carl T. Berrisford. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Beckingham, Charles F. “The Achievements of Prester John.” In Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
———. “The Quest for Prester John.” In Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
Beckingham, Charles R, and Bernard Hamilton, eds. Prester John, the Mongols, and the Ten Lost Tribes. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996.
Beer, Ellen J. Die Rose der Kathedrale von Lausanne und der kosmologische Bilderkreis des Mittelalters. Bern: Benteli Verlag, 1952.
———. “Les Vitraux du Moyen Âge de la cathédrale.” In La Cathédrale de Lausanne, ed. Jean-Charles Biaudet et al. Bern: Société d’Histoire de l’Art en Suisse, 1975.
Bennett, Adelaide. “A Woman’s Power of Prayer versus the Devil in a Book of Hours of ca. 1300.” In Hourihane, Image and Belief.
Bennett, Matthew. “First Crusaders’ Images of Muslims: The Influence of Vernacular Poetry?” Forum for Modern Language Studies 22, no. 2 (1986): 101–22.
Bestul, Thomas H. Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.
Bevington, David. Medieval Drama. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975.
Bezzola, Gian Andri. Die Mongolen in abendländischer Sicht: ein Beitrag zur Frage der Völkerbegegnungen. Bern: Francke, 1974.
Billington, Sandra. A Social History of the Fool. New York: St. Martins Press, 1984.
Blair, Claude. European Armour circa 1066 to circa 1700. London: Batsford, 1958.
Blamires, David. Herzog Ernst and the Otherworld Voyage. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
Block, Elaine C. “Judaic Imagery on Medieval Choir Stalls.” Reinardus 8 (1995): 25–47.
Bloomfield, Morton W. “Joachim of Flora: A Critical Survey of His Canon, Teachings, Sources, Biography, and Influences.” Traditio 13 (1957): 249–311.
Blumenkranz, Bernhard. “Augustin et les juifs, Augustin et le judaïsme.” Recherches augustiniennes 1 (1958): 255–41.
———. “Géographie historique d’un thème de l’iconographie religieuse: les représentations de Synagoga en France.” In Mélanges offerts à René Crozet, vol. 2, ed. P. Gallais and Y.-T. Rious. 2 vols. Poitiers: Société d’Études Mediévales, 1966.
———. Juden und Judentum in der mittelalterlichen Kunst. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1965.
———. Le Juif médiévale au miroir de l’art chrétien. Paris: Études Augustiniennes, 1966.
———. “Juifs et judaïsme dans l’art chrétien du haut Moyen Âge.” In Gli Ebrei nell’alto medioevo, vol. 2. Spoleto: Pressa la sede del centro, 1980.
———. “La Polémique antijuive dans l’art chrétien du Moyen Age.” Bullettino dell’Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo et Archivo Muratoriano 77 (1965): 21–43.
Blumenkranz, Bernhard, and Dominique Bozo. “Synagoga méconnue—Synagoga inconnue.” Revue des études juives 125 (1966): 35–48.
Bober, H. “The Zodiacal Miniature of the Très Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 11 (1948): 1–34.
Bourget, Pierre du. “La Couleur noire de la peau du démon dans l’iconographie chrétienne a-t-elle une origine précise?” In Actas del VIII Congreso Internacional de Arqueologia Cristiana (Barcelona 5–11 octubre 1969), vol. 1. Barcelona: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972.
Branner, Robert. Manuscript Painting in Paris during the Reign of Saint Louis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977.
Braunfels, W, ed. Der Hedwigs-Codex von 1233: Sammlung Ludwig. 2 vols. Trans. Peter Moraw. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1972.
Breslau, H. “Juden und Mongolen 1241.” Zeitschrifi für die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland 1 (1887): 99–102.
Broche, Lucien. La Cathédrale de Laon. Paris: Henri Laurens, 1954.
Brincken, Anna-Dorothee von den. Fines Terrae: Die Enden der Erde und der vierte Kontinent auf mittelalterlichen Weltkarten. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1992.
Brown, Elizabeth A. R., and Michael W. Cothren. “The Twelfth-Century Crusading Window of the Abbey of Saint-Denis: Praeteritorum Enim Recordatio Futurorum Est Exhibitio.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 49 (1986): 1–40.
Burnett, C.S.F. “An Apocryphal Letter from the Arabic Philosopher al-Kindi to Theodore, Frederick II’s Astrologer, Concerning Gog and Magog, the Enclosed Nations, and the Scourge of the Mongols.” Viator 15 (1984): 151–67.
Burnett, C.S.F., and Patrick Gautier Dalché. “Attitudes towards the Mongols in Medieval Literature: The XXII Kings of Gog and Magog from the Court of Frederick II to Jean de Mandeville.” Viator 22 (1991): 153–67.
Burr, David. “Antichrist and Islam in Medieval Franciscan Exegesis.” In Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam, ed. John Victor Tolan. New York: Garland, 1996.
———. “Mendicant Readings of the Apocalypse.” In The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, ed. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992.
———. “Olivi’s Apocalyptic Timetable.” Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 11 (1981): 237–60.
———. “Olivi, the Lectura super apocalypsim, and Franciscan Exegetical Tradition.” Francescanesimo e cultura universitaria (1989): 115–39.
Callus, D. A. “Introduction of Aristotelian Learning to Oxford.” Proceedings of the British Academy 29 (1943): 229–81.
Camille, Michael. The Gothic Idol: Ideology and Image-Making in Medieval Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
———. Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion, 1992.
———. Mirror in Parchment: The Luttrell Psalter and the Making of Medieval England. London: Reaktion, 1998.
Campbell, Mary. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400–1600. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Carey, Frances, ed. The Apocalypse and the Shape of Things to Come. London: British Museum, 1999.
Carey, Hilary M. Courting Disaster: Astrology at the English Court and University in the Later Middle Ages. London: Macmillan, 1992.
Carpenter, Dwayne E. “Social Perception and Literary Portrayal: Jews and Muslims in Medieval Spanish Literature.” In Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in Medieval Spain, ed. Vivian B. Mann, Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilynn D. Dodds. New York: George Braziller, 1992.
Cary, George. “Alexander the Great in Medieval Theology.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 19 (1954): 98–114.
———. The Medieval Alexander. Ed. D.J.A. Ross. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956.
Céard, Jean. La Nature et les prodiges: L’insolite au XVIe siècle en France. Geneva: Droz, 1977.
Chambers, E. K. The Medieval Stage. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.
Chapeaurouge, Donat de. “Die Rettung der Seele: Genesis eines mittelalterlichen Bildthemas.” Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 35 (1973): 9–54.
Chazan, Robert. “The Impact of the Crusades upon Medieval European Jewry.” In The Solomon Goldman Lectures LV, ed. Nathaniel Stampfer. Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press, 1985.
———. “1007–1012: Initial Crisis for Northern European Jewry.” Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 38–39 (1970–71): 101–17.
Clark, C. “The Zodiac Man in Medieval Astrology.” Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association 3 (1982): 13–38.
Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Of Giants: Sex, Monsters, and the Middle Ages. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
Cohen, Jeremy. The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982.
Cohen, Jeremy. “The Jews as the Killers of Christ in the Latin Tradition, from Augustine to the Friars.” Traditio 39 (1983): 1–27.
———. “The Mentality of the Medieval Jewish Apostate: Peter Alfonsi, Hermann of Cologne, and Pablo Christiani.” In Jewish Apostasy in the Modern World, ed. Todd M. Endelman. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1987.
———, ed. From Witness to Witchcraft: Jews and Judaism in Medieval Christian Thought. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1996.
Cohen, Mark. Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Cohn, Norman. The Pursuit of the Millennium. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Coleman, John E. “Ancient Greek Ethnocentrism.” In Coleman and Walz, Greeks and Barbarians.
Coleman, John E., and Clark A. Walz, eds. Greeks and Barbarians: Essays on the Interactions between Greeks and Non-Greeks in Antiquity and the Consequences for Eurocentrism. Bethesda: CDL, 1997.
Comfort, William Wistar. “The Character Types in the Old French Chansons de Geste.” Proceedings of the Modern Language Association 21, no. 2 (n.s. 14, no. 2) (1906): 279–434.
———. “The Literary Rôle of the Saracens in the French Epic.” Proceedings of the Modern Language Association 55 (1940): 628–59.
Conger, George Perrier. Theories of Macrocosms and Microcosms in the History of Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1922.
Connell, C. W. “Western Views of the Origin of the ‘Tartars’: An Example of the Influence of Myth in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century.” Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 3 (1973): 115–37.
Corrigan, Kathleen. Visual Polemics in the Ninth-Century Byzantine Psalters. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Cowdrey, H.E.J. “The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas of Holy War.” In The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1976.
Crosland, J. The Old French Epic. Oxford: Blackwell, 1951.
Dahan, Gilbert. Christian Polemic against the Jews in the Middle Ages. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998.
Dales, R. C. “Robert Grosseteste’s View on Astrology.” Mediaeval Studies 29 (1967): 357–63.
d’Alverny, Marie-Thérèse. “Translations and Translators.” In Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfih Century, ed. Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
Daniel, E. R. “Apocalyptic Conversion: The Joachite Alternative to the Crusades.” Traditio 25 (1969): 127–54.
Daniel, Norman. Heroes and Saracens: An Interpretation of the Chansons de Geste. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984.
———. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1958.
Dasen, Veronica. “Pygmaioi.” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae 7, pt. 1 (1994): 594–601; 7, pt. 2 (1994); 466–86.
Davidson, Clifford. “Of Saints and Angels.” In Davidson, Iconography of Heaven.
———, ed. The Iconography of Heaven. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute, 1994.
Davidson, Clifford, and Thomas H. Seiler, eds. The Iconography of Hell. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute, 1992.
Despres, Denise L. “Immaculate Flesh and the Social Body: Mary and the Jews.” Jewish History 12, no. 1 (1998): 47–69.
———. “Mary of the Eucharist: Cultic Anti-Judaism in Some Fourteenth-Century English Devotional Manuscripts.” In Jeremy Cohen, From Witness to Witchcraft.
Dickson, Gary. “The Crowd at the Feet of Pope Boniface VIII: Pilgrimage, Crusade, and the First Roman Jubilee (1300).” Journal of Medieval History 25, no. 4 (1999): 279–307.
Dinzelbacher, Peter. Angst im Mittelalter. Teufels-, Todes- und Gotteserfahrung: Mentalitätsgeschichte und Ikonographie. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1996.
Dobson, R. B. The Jews of Medieval York and the Massacre of March 1190. York: St. Anthonys Press, 1974.
Dodwell, C. R., Otto Pächt, and Francis Wormald. The St. Albans Psalter (Albani Psalter). London: Warburg Institute, 1960.
Dolfen, Christian, ed. Codex Gisle. Berlin: Buchenau & Reichert, 1926.
Donald, Logan F. “Thirteen London Jews and Conversion to Christianity: Problems of Apostasy in the 1280s.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 45 (1972): 214–29.
Douglas, Mary. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge, 1966.
Dover, K. J. Popular Morality in the Time of Plato and Aristotle. Oxford: Blackwell, 1974.
Dressler, Rachel. “Deus Hoc Vult: Ideology, Identity, and Sculptural Rhetoric at the Time of the Crusades.” Medieval Encounters 1 (1995): 188–218.
Druce, George. “Some Abnormal and Composite Human Forms in English Church Architecture.” Archaeological Journal 72 (1915): 135–86.
Duchesne, L. “La Question de la Pâque au Concile de Nicée.” Revue de questions historiques 28 (1880): 5–42.
Duncan, A.A.M. Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1975.
Eckhardt, Eduard. Die Lustige Person im älteren englischen Drama (bis 1642). Berlin: Mayer and Müller, 1902.
Eco, Umberto, et al. “Latratus canis.” In L’Uomo di fronte al mondo animale nell’alto medioevo, vol. 1. Spoleto: Presso la sede del Centro, 1985.
Eleen, Luba. The Illustration of the Pauline Epistles in French and English Bibles of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
Elukin, J. M. “From Jew to Christian? Conversion and Immutability in Medieval Europe.” In Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages, ed. J. Muldoon. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997.
Emerson, Oliver F. “Legends of Cain, Especially in Old and Middle English.” Proceedings of the Modern Language Association 21 (1906): 831–929.
Emmerson, Richard K. “Antichrist as Anti-Saint: The Significance of Abbot Adso’s Libellus de Antichristo.” American Benedictine Review 30 (1979): 175–90.
———. Antichrist in the Middle Ages: A Study of Medieval Apocalypticism, Art, and Literature. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1981.
Encyclopaedia Judaica. 16 vols. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House Ltd., 1971.
Erdmann, Carl. Origin of the Idea of the Crusade. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
Erich, Oswald A. Die Darstellung des Teufels in der christlichen Kunst. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1931.
Euw, Anton von, and Joachim M. Plotzek. Die Handschriften der Sammlung Ludwig. Vol. 3. Cologne: Das Museum, 1971.
Evans, Elizabeth C. Physiognomics in the Ancient World. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., vol. 59, pt. 5. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1969.
———. “Physiognomics in the Roman Empire.” Classical Journal 45 (1949): 277–82.
Farr, Carol. The Book of Kells: Its Function and Audience. London: British Library, 1997.
Felsenstein, Frank. Antisemitic Stereotypes: A Paradigm of Otherness in English Popular Culture, 1660–1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Fleming, John V. From Bonaventure to Bellini: An Essay in Franciscan Exegesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Flint, Valerie I. J. “The Hereford Map: Its Author(s), Two Scenes and A Border.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (1998): 19–44.
———. The Imaginative Landscape of Christopher Columbus. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Flint, Valerie I. J. “Monsters and the Antipodes in the Early Middle Ages and Enlightenment.” Viator 15 (1984): 65–80.
———. “The Transmission of Astrology in the Early Middle Ages.” Viator 21 (1990): 1–27.
Folda, Jaroslav. Crusader Manuscript Illumination at Saint-Jean d’Acre, 1275–1291. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Fredriksen, Paula. “Divine Justice and Human Freedom: Augustine on Jews and Judaism, 392–398.” In Jeremy Cohen, From Witness to Witchcraft.
Freedman, Paul. Images of the Medieval Peasant. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Friar, Stephen, ed. A New Dictionary of Heraldry. London: Alphabooks, 1987.
Friedman, John Block. “Another Look at Chaucer and the Physiognomists.” Studies in Philology 78 (1981): 138–52.
———. “The Marvels-of-the-East Tradition in Anglo-Saxon Art.” In Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. Paul E. Szarmach and Virginia Darrow Oggins. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute, 1986.
———. The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Friedman, Mira. “More on ‘Right’ and ‘Left’ in Painting.” Assaph, Section B: Studies in Art History 1 (1980): 123–31.
Funkenstein, Amos. “Basic Types of Christian Anti-Jewish Polemics in the Later Middle Ages.” Viator 2 (1971): 373–82.
Gage, John. Color and Culture: Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993.
Gardener, Arthur. Medieval Sculpture in France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931.
Garland, Robert. The Eye of the Beholder: Deformity and Disability in the Graeco-Roman World. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Gerö, Stephen. “The Libri Carolini and the Image Controversy.” Greek Orthodox Theological Review 18 (1973): 7–34.
Gieysztor, A. “The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV (1009–1012).” Medievalia et Humanística 5 (1948): 3–23 and 6 (1950): 3–34.
Gifford, D. J. “Iconographical Notes towards a Definition of the Medieval Fool”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 37 (1974): 336–42.
Gillingham, John. Richard Coeur de Lion: Kingship, Chivalry, and War in the Twelfth Century. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.
Glacken, Clarence J. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967.
Gosman, Martin. “Marco Polo’s Voyages: The Conflict Between Confirmation and Observation.” In Travel Fact and Fiction, ed. Zweder von Martels. Leiden: Brill, 1994.
Gow, Andrew Colin. “The Jewish Antichrist in Medieval and Early Modern Germany.” Medieval Encounters 2 (1996): 249–85.
———. The Red Jews: Antisemitism in an Apocalyptic Age, 1200–1600. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Grivot, Denis. Twelfth Century Sculpture in the Cathedral of Autun. Trans. G. Bagage. Colmar: S.A.E.P, 1980.
Grivot, Denis, and George Zarnecki. Gislebertus: Sculptor of Autun. New York: Orion Press, 1961.
Guerchberg, Séraphine. “The Controversies over the Alleged Sowers of the Black Death in the Contemporary Treatises on the Plague.” In Change in Medieval Society: Europe North of the Alps, 1050–1500, ed. Sylvia L. Thrupp. London: Peter Owen, 1965.
Gumilev, L. N. Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John. Trans. R.E.F. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Guzman, Gregory G. “The Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin.” Speculum 49 (1974): 287–307.
———. “Simon of Saint-Quentin and the Dominican Mission to the Mongol Baiju: A Reappraisal.” Speculum 46 (1971): 232–49.
———. “Simon of Saint-Quentin as Historian of the Mongols and Seljuk Turks.” Medievalia et Humanística, n.s. 3 (1972): 155–79.
Hahn, Cynthia. “Interpictoriality in the Limoges Chasses of Stephen, Martial, and Valerie.” In Hourihane, Image and Belief.
Hall, Edith. Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self- Definition through Tragedy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Hamburger, Jeffrey. The Rothschild Canticles: Art and Mysticism in Flanders and the Rhineland circa 1300. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990.
Hamilton, Bernard. “Continental Drift: Prester John’s Progress through the Indies.” In Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
———. “Prester John and the Three Kings of Cologne.” In Studies in Medieval History Presented to R.H.C. Davis, ed. Henry Mayr-Harting and R. I. Moore. London: The Hambledon Press, 1985. Reprinted in Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
Haney, Kristine Edmondson. The Winchester Psalter: An Iconographic Study. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1986.
Harvey, P.D.A. Mappa Mundi: The Hereford World Map. London: British Library, 1996.
———. Medieval Maps. London: British Library, 1991.
———. “The Sawley Map and Other World Maps in Twelfth-Century England.” Imago Mundi 49 (1997): 33–42.
Hassall, A. G., and W. O. Hassall. Treasures from the Bodleian Library. London: Gorden Fraser, 1976.
Hassig, Debra. “The Iconography of Rejection: Jews and Other Monstrous Races.” In Hourihane, Image and Belief.
———. “Marginal Bestiaries.” In Animals and the Symbolic, ed. L.A.J.R. Houwen. Gronigen: Egbert Forsten, 1997.
———. Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
———. “Sex in the Bestiaries.” In Hassig, Mark of the Beast.
———, ed. The Mark of the Beast: The Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature. New York: Garland, 1999.
Haverkamp, Alfred, and Hanna Vollrath, eds. England and Germany in the High Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Hayward, Jane, and Walter Cahn. Radiance and Reflection: Medieval Art from the Raymond Pitcairn Collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.
Hearn, M. E Romanesque Sculpture: The Revival of Monumental Stone Sculpture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981.
Hedeman, Anne D. The Royal Image: Illustrations of the Grandes Chroniques de France, 1242–1422. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991.
Henry, Avril. Biblia Pauperum. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1987.
———. The Eton Roundels: Eton College, MS 177. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1990.
Henry, François. The Book of Kells. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.
Hernando i Delgado, Josep. “Le ‘De Seta Machometi’ du Cod. 46 d’Osma, oeuvre de Raymond Martin (Ramón Martí).” In Privat, Islam et chrétiens.
Higgins, Iain. “Imagining Christendom from Jerusalem to Paradise: Asia in Mandeville’s Travels.” In Discovering New Worlds: Essays on Medieval Exploration and Imagination, ed. Scott D. Westrem. New York: Garland, 1991.
———. Writing East: The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
Hirsch-Reich, Beatrice. “Joachim von Fiore und das Judentum.” In Judentum im Mittelalter: Beiträge zum christlich-jüdischen Gespräch, ed. Paul Wilpert. Miscellanea Mediaevalia, Bd. 4. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1966.
Hood, John Y. B. Aquinas and the Jews. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.
Hourihane, Colum, ed. Image and Belief: Studies in Celebration of the Eightieth Anniversary of the Index of Christian Art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
———. King David in the Index of Christian Art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
Hoving, Thomas P. F. “The Bury St. Edmunds Cross.” Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 22 (1964): 317–40.
Hübner, Wolfgang. “Das Horoskop der Christen (Zeno 1,38 L.).” Vigiliae Christianae 29 (1975): 120–37.
———. Zodiacus Christianus. Königstein: Hain, 1983.
Huggler, Max. “Der Bilderkreis in der Handschriften der Alexander Apocalypse.” Antonianum 9 (1934): 85–150.
Husband, Timothy. “A Stained Glass Tree of Jesse in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.” Verres réfractaires 30, no. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 1976): 69–72.
———. The Wild Man: Medieval Myth and Symbolism. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980.
Hyams, Paul R. “The Jews in Medieval England, 1066–1290.” In Haverkamp and Vollrath, England and Germany.
Isaacs, W.H.R. “Basic Group Identity: The Idols of the Tribe.” In Ethnicity: Theory and Experience, ed. N. Glazer and D. P. Moynihan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
Isajiw, W. “Definitions of Ethnicity.” Ethnicity 1 (1974): 111–24.
Jackson, Peter. “The Crusade against the Mongols (1241).” Journal of Ecclesiastical History 41, no. 1 (1991): 1–18.
Jewish Encyclopedia. 12 vols. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1905.
Johnson, W. “The Myth of the Male Menses.” Journal of Medieval History 24 (1998): 273–95.
Jones, C. Meredith. “The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste.” Speculum 17 (1942): 201–25.
Jones, W. R. “The Image of the Barbarian in Medieval Europe.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 13 (1971): 376–407.
Jordan, William Chester. “The Erosion of the Stereotype of the Last Tormentor of Christ.” Jewish Quarterly Review 81 (1990): 13–44.
———. The French Monarchy and the Jews: From Philip Augustus to the Last Capetians. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
———. “The Last Tormentor of Christ: An Image of the Jew in Ancient and Medieval Exegesis, Art, and Drama.” Jewish Quarterly Review 78 (1987): 21–47.
———. “Stephaton: The Origin of the Name.” Classical Folia 33 (1973): 83–86.
Kahl, Joachim. The Misery of Christianity. Trans. N. D. Smith. Middlesex: Penguin, 1971.
Kaplan, P. “Black Africans in Hohenstaufen Iconography.” Gesta 26 (1987): 29–36.
———. The Rise of the Black Magus in Western Art. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1985.
Kappler, Claude. Monstres, démons et merveilles à la fin du Moyen Age. Paris: Payot, 1980.
Katzenellenbogen, Adolf. “The Central Tympanum at Vézelay: Its Encyclopedic Meaning and Its Relation to the First Crusade.” Art Bulletin 26 (1944): 141–51.
Kauffmann, C. M. An Altarpiece of the Apocalypse from Meister Bertrams Workshop in Hamburg. London: HMSO, 1968.
———. Romanesque Manuscripts, 1066–1180. London: Harvey Miller, 1975.
Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusade and Mission: European Approaches toward the Muslims. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Kibre, Pearl. “Hippocrates Latinus: Repertorium of Hippocratic Writings in the Latin Middle Ages.” Traditio 31 (1975): 99–126.
Kirk, Ilse. “Images of Amazons: Marriage and Matriarchy.” In Images of Women in Peace and War: Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives, ed. S. MacDonald. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Kirschenbaum, Aaron. “Jewish and Christian Theories of Usury in the Middle Ages.” Jewish Quarterly Review 75, no. 3 (1985): 270–89.
Kisch, Guido. “The Yellow Badge in History.” Historia Judaica 19 (1957): 89–146.
Klibansky, R., E. Panofsky, and F. Saxl. Saturn and Melancholy. London: Nelson, 1964.
Klingender, Francis. Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1971.
Köhn, H. Romanisches Drachenornament in Bronze- und Architekturplastik. Strasbourg: J. H. E. Heitz, 1930.
Kolve, V. A. The Play Called Corpus Christi. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.
Kraus, Henry. “Christian-Jewish Disputation in a 13th-Century Lancet at the Cathedral of Troyes.” Gazette des Beaux-Arts 72 (1968): 151–58.
———. The Living Theatre of Medieval Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1967.
Kritzeck, James. Peter the Venerable and Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.
Kroos, Renate. “Der Codex Gisle I: Forschungsbericht und Datierung.” Niederdeutsche Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte 12 (1973): 117–34.
Kruger, Steven F. “The Bodies of Jews in the Late Middle Ages.” In The Idea of Medieval Literature: New Essays on Chaucer and Medieval Culture in Honor of Donald R. Howard, ed. James M. Dean and Christian K. Zacher. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.
Kupfer, Marcia. “Medieval World Maps: Embedded Images, Interpretive Frames.” Word & Image 10, no. 3 (July-September 1994): 262–88.
Laistner, M.L.W. “The Western Church and Astrology during the Early Middle Ages.” Harvard Theological Review 34 (1941): 251–75.
Langmuir, Gavin I. “Historiographic Crucifixion.” In Approaches to Judaism in Medieval Times, ed. David R. Blumenthal. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1984.
———. “The Knights Tale of Young Hugh of Lincoln.” Speculum 47 (1972): 459–82.
———. “Medieval Anti-Semitism.” In The Holocaust: Ideology, Bureaucracy, Genocide. Ed. Henry Friedlander and Sybil Milton. Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus International Publications, 1980.
———. “Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder.” Speculum 59 (1984): 820–46.
———. “The Tortures of the Body of Christ.” In Christendom and Its Discontents: Exclusion, Persecution, and Rebellion, 1000–1500, ed. Scott L. Waugh and Peter D. Diehl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Larner, John. Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999.
Lecoq, Danielle. “La Mappemonde du Liber Floridus ou La Vision du Monde de Lambert de Saint-Omer.” Imago Mundi 39 (1987): 9–49.
Lecouteux, C. “Les Cynocéphales: Étude d’une tradition tératologique de l’Antiquité au XIle s.” Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 24 (1981): 117–28.
Lejeune, Rita, and Jacques Stiennon. La Légende de Roland dans l’art du Moyen Age. Brussels: Arcade, 1966.
Letts, Malcolm. “Prester John.” Notes and Queries 188 (1945): 178–80, 204–7, 246–48, 266–68; 189 (1945): 4–7.
Lewis, Suzanne. The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987.
———. “Giles de Bridport and the Abingdon Apocalypse.” In England in the Thirteenth Century, ed. W. M. Ormrod. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 1986.
———. Reading Images: Narrative Discourse and Reception in the Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Apocalypse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
———. “Tractatus adversus Judaeos in the Gulbenkian Apocalypse.” Art Bulletin 68 (1986): 543–66.
Lillich, Meradith Parsons. “Gothic Glaziers: Monks, Jews, Taxpayers, Bretons, Women.” Journal of Glass Studies 27 (1985): 72–92.
———. Rainbow Like an Emerald: Stained Glass in Lorraine in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
Lindberg, David C. “The Transmission of Greek and Arabic Learning to the West.” In Science in the Middle Ages, ed. David C. Lindberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Link, Luther. The Devil: The Archfiend from the Sixth to the Sixteenth Century. New York: Harry Abrams, 1996.
Lipton, Sara. Images of Intolerance: The Representation of Jews and Judaism in the Bible Moralisée. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999.
———. “Jews, Heretics, and the Sign of the Cat in the Bible moralisée,” Word & Image 8 (1992): 362–77.
———. “The Root of All Evil: Jews, Money, and Metaphor in the Bible moralisée.” Medieval Encounters 1 (1995): 301–22.
Lively, Penelope, et al. The Mythical Quest: In Search of Adventure, Romance, and Enlightenment. London: British Library, 1996.
Livingstone, E. A., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Longland, Sabrina. “The ‘Bury St. Edmunds Cross’: Its Exceptional Place in English Twelfth-Century Art.” Connoisseur 172 (1969): 163–73.
———. “A Literary Aspect of the Bury St. Edmunds Cross.” Journal of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 2 (1969): 45–74.
———. “Pilate Answered: What I Have Written, I Have Written.” Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin n.s. 26 (1967–68): 410–29.
Lonis, Raoul. “Les Trois approches de l’Éthiopien par l’opinion gréco-romaine.” Ktema 6 (1981): 71–87.
Loomis, Roger Sherman. “Richard Coeur de Lion and the Pas Saladin in Medieval Art.” Proceedings of the Modem Language Association 30 (1915): 509–28.
Lyons, Malcom Cameron, and D.E.P. Jackson. Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Manselli, Raoul, et al. Studi su Pietro da Eboli. Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo, 1978.
Marcus, Ivan G. “Images of the Jews in the Exempla of Caesarius of Heisterbach.” In Jeremy Cohen, From Witness to Witchcraft.
Marrow, James. “Circumdederunt me canes multi: Christ’s Tormentors in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance.” Art Bulletin 59, no. 2 (1977): 167–81.
Martin, Paul. Armour and Weapons. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1967.
Martin, Trice. “The Domus Conversorum.” Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England 1 (1893–94): 15–25.
Marx, C. W. The Devil’s Rights and the Redemption in the Literature of Medieval England. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995.
Mason, Peter. Deconstructing America: Representations of the Other. London: Routledge, 1990.
McLaughlin, T. P. “The Teachings of the Canonists on Usury (XII, XIII, XIV Centuries).” Mediaeval Studies 1 (1939): 81–147; 2 (1940): 1–22.
Meier, H. “Die Figur des Narren in der christlichen Ikonographie des Mittelalters.” Das Münster 8 (1955): 1–5.
Meiss, Millard. The Très Riehes Heures of Jean, Duke of Berry. New York: Braziller, 1969.
Mellinkoff, Ruth. Antisemitic Hate Signs in Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts from Medieval Germany. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1999.
———. “Cain and the Jews.” Journal of ‘Jewish Art 6 (1979): 16–38.
———. “Cain’s Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: Part I, Noachic Tradition.” Anglo-Saxon England 8 (1979): 143–62.
———. “Cain’s Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: Part II, Post-Diluvian Survival.” Anglo-Saxon England 9 (1980): 183–97.
———. “Demonic Winged Headgear.” Viator 16 (1985): 367–81.
———. The Horned Moses in Medieval Art and Thought. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970.
———. “Judas’s Red Hair and the Jews.” Journal of Jewish Art 9 (1982): 31–46.
———. The Mark of Cain. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981.
———. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Later Middle Ages. 2 vols. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
———. “The Round, Cap-Shaped Hats Depicted on Jews in BM Cotton Claudius B.IV.” Anglo-Saxon England 1 (1973): 155–67.
Menache, Sophia. “Faith, Myth, and Politics—The Stereotype of the Jews and Their Expulsion from England and France.” Jewish Quarterly Review 75, no. 4 (1985): 351–74.
Ménard, M. Philippe. “L’Illustration du ‘Devisement du Monde’ de Marco Polo.” Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France (1985): 85–88.
Miles, Margaret R. Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the Christian West. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
Millar, Eric. The Luttrell Psalter. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1932.
———. The Rutland Psalter. Oxford: Roxburghe Club, 1937.
Miller, Malcolm. Chartres Cathedral. Andover: Hants, 1989.
Miyazaki, Mariko. “Misericord Owls and Medieval Anti-Semitism.” In Hassig, Mark of the Beast.
Mollat, Michel. Grands Voyages et connaissance du monde du milieu du XIIe siècle à la fin du XVe. 2 vols. Paris: Centre de Documentation Universitaire, 1967.
Momigliano, A. Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
Moore, Robert I. The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 990–1290. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987.
Morgan, David. “Prester John and the Mongols.” In Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
Morgan, Nigel. Early Gothic Manuscripts (I): 1190–1290. London: Harvey Miller, 1982.
———. Early Gothic Manuscripts (II): 1290–1289. London: Harvey Miller, 1988.
———. The Medieval Painted Glass of Lincoln Cathedral. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Mosley, D. J. “Greeks, Barbarians, Language, and Contact.” Ancient Society 2 (1971): 1–6.
Mundill, Robin R. England’s Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Munro, D. C. “The Western Attitude toward Islam during the Period of the Crusades.” Speculum 6 (1931): 329–43.
Nash, Harvey. “Human/Animal Body Imagery: Judgement of Mythological Hybrid (Part-Human, Part-Animal) Figures.” Journal of General Psychology 103 (1980): 49–108.
Nelson, Benjamin. The Idea of Usury: From Tribal Brotherhood to Universal Otherhood. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.
Nicolle, David C. Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era, 1090–1390. 2 vols. New York: Kraus, 1988.
———. Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe, 1000–1968. Osprey Men-at-Arms Series, no. 195. London: Osprey, 1988.
Noonan, J. T. The Scholastic Analysis of Usury. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957.
Obrist, Barbara. “Wind Diagrams and Medieval Cosmology.” Speculum 72 (1997): 33–84.
Omont, Henri, ed. Livre des merveilles … Reproduction des 269 miniatures du manuscrit français 2810 de la Bibliothèque Nationale. 2 vols. Paris: Catala Frères, 1908.
O’Neill, John P, ed. Enamels of Limoges. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996.
Orchard, Andy. Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf Manuscript. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995.
Ovrut, Barnett D. “Edward I and the Expulsion of the Jews.” Jewish Quarterly Review 67 (1977): 224–35.
Pächt, Otto. “Early Italian Nature Studies and the Early Calendar Landscape.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13 (1950): 13–47.
Palmer, Barbara D. “The Inhabitants of Hell: Devils.” In Davidson and Seiler, Iconography of Hell.
Parker, Elizabeth C., and Charles T. Little. The Cloisters Cross: Its Art and Meaning. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.
Pastan, Elizabeth Carson. “Tam haereticos quam Judaeos: Shifting Symbols in the Glazing of Troyes Cathedral.” Word & Image 10, no. 1 (1994): 66–83.
Patrides, C. A. “Renaissance Ideas on Man’s Upright Form.” Journal of the History of Ideas 19 (1958): 256–58.
Patschovsky, Alexander. “The Relationship between the Jews of Germany and the King (nth-14th Centuries): A European Comparison.” In Haverkamp and Vollrath, England and Germany.
Paull, Michael R. “Mahomet and the Conversion of the Heathen in Piers Plowman.” English Language Notes 10, no. 1 (1972): 1–8.
Petzold, Andreas. “Of the Significance of Colours’: The Iconography of Colour in Romanesque and Early Gothic Book Illumination.” In Hourihane, Image and Belief.
Philip, Lotte Brand. “The Prado Epiphany by Jerome Bosch.” Art Bulletin 35, no. 4 (1953): 267–93.
Porter, Arthur Kingsley. Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads. Vol. 1, 1923. Reprint, New York: Hacker Art Books, 1985.
Porter, Vicki. “The West Looks at the East in the Late Middle Ages: The Livre des Merveilles du Monde.” Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1977.
Pouchelle, M.-C. The Body and Surgery in the Middle Ages. Trans. R. Morris. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
Privat, Édouard, ed. Islam et chrétiens du Midi (XIIe–XIVe s.). Toulouse: Centre d’Études Historiques de Fanjeaux, 1983.
Prosser, Eleanor. Drama and Religion in the English Mystery Plays: A Reevaluation. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1961.
Randall, Lilian M. C. “Exempla as a Source of Gothic Marginal Illumination.” Art Bulletin 39 (1957): 97–107.
———. Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966.
———. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 1, France, 875–1420. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
Rastall, Richard. The Heaven Singing: Music in Early English Religious Drama. Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1996.
———. “The Musical Repertory.” In Davidson, Iconography of Heaven.
———. “The Sounds of Hell.” In Davidson and Seiler, Iconography of Hell.
Rauh, Horst Dieter. Das Bild des Antichrist im Mittelalter: Von Tyconius zum Deutschen Symbolismus. 2nd ed. Munich: Aschendorff, 1979.
Rawcliffe, Carole. Medicine and Society in Later Medieval England. Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1995.
Reeves, Marjorie. The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
Reeves, Marjorie, and Beatrice Hirsch-Reich. The Figurae of Joachim of Fiore. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
Revel-Neher, Elisabeth. The Image of the Jew in Byzantine Art. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
Reynolds, L. D., and N. G. Wilson. Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Richard, Jean. “L’Extrème-Orient légendaire au Moyen Âge: Roi David et Prêtre Jean.” Annales d’Éthiopie 2 (1957): 225–42.
———. “Les Missions chez les Mongols aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles.” In Histoire universelle des missions catholiques, 3 vols., ed. S. Delacroix. Vol. 1, Les Missions des origines au XVIe siècle. Paris: Librairie Grund, 1956.
———. “The Mongols and the Franks.” Journal of Asian History 3 (1969): 45–57.
———. “Les Premiers missionnaires latins en Éthiopie (XIIe–XIVe siècles).” In Orient et Occident au Moyen Age: Contacts et relations (XIIe–XVe s.). London: Variorum, 1976.
———. “The Relatio de David as a Source for Mongol History and the Legend of Prester John.” In Beckingham and Hamilton, Prester John.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Crusades: A Short History. London: Athlone Press, 1987.
———. The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. London: Athlone Press, 1986.
———. “The First Crusade and the Persecution of the Jews.” In Persecution and Toleration, ed. W. J. Shells. Oxford: Blackwell, 1984.
Robertson, D. W, Jr. “Why the Devil Wears Green.” Modern Language Notes 69 (1954): 470–72.
Rode, Herbert. Die mittelalterlichen Glasmalereien des Kölner Domes. CVMA. Berlin: Deutscher Verein für Kunstwissenschaft, 1974.
Rosenthal, Judah M. “The Talmud on Trial.” Jewish Quarterly Review 47 (1956): 58–76.
Ross, D.J.A. Alexander Historiatus: A Guide to Medieval Illustrated Alexander Literature. London: Warburg Institute, 1963.
Roth, Cecil. “The Feast of Purim and the Origins of the Blood Accusation.” Speculum 8 (1933): 520–26.
———. “The Medieval Conception of the Jew: A New Interpretation.” In Essays and Studies in Memory of Linda R. Miller, ed. Israel Davidson. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1938.
———. “Portraits and Caricatures of Medieval English Jews.” In Essays and Portraits in Anglo-Jewish History. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1962.
Rothwell, Eric. The Misericords and Screen in Cartmel Priory. Much Wenlock, Shropshire: RJL Smith and Associates, 1997.
Roy, Bruno. “En marge du monde connu: les races de monstres.” In Aspects de la marginalité au Moyen Âge, ed. Guy-H. Allard et al. Montreal: L’Aurore, 1975.
Rubens, Alfred. A History of Jewish Costume. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967.
Rubin, Miri. Gentile Tales: The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999.
Rudolph, Conrad. The “Things of Greater Importance Bernard of Clairvaux’s Apologia and the Medieval Attitude Toward Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.
Russell, Jeffrey. Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Said, Edward. Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978. Reprint, London: Penguin, 1995.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman. Gothic Manuscripts, 1283–1385. 2 vols. London: Harvey Miller, 1986.
Saunders, J. J. A History of Medieval Islam. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.
———. The History of the Mongol Conquests. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971.
———. “Matthew Paris and the Mongols.” In Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson, ed. T. A. Sandquist and M. R. Powicke. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969.
Saxl, Fritz. “Macrocosm and Microcosm in Mediaeval Pictures.” In Lectures, vol. 1. London: Warburg Institute, 1957.
———. “A Spiritual Encyclopedia of the Later Middle Ages.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5 (1942): 82–134.
Scarfe, Norman. Suffolk in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1986.
Schapiro, Meyer. “An Illuminated Psalter of the Early Thirteenth Century.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 23 (1960): 179–89.
———. “On Some Problems in the Semiotics of Visual Art: Field and Vehicle in Image-Signs.” Semiotica 1, no. 3 (1969): 223–42.
———. Theory and Philosophy of Art: Style, Artist, and Society. New York: Braziller, 1994.
Schmidt, Gary D. The Iconography of the Mouth of Hell: Eighth-Century Britain to the Fifieenth Century. London: Associated University Presses, 1995.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. The Holy Greyhound: Guinefort, Healer of Children since the Thirteenth Century. Trans. Martin Thom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Schreckenberg, Heinz. The Jews in Christian Art: An Illustrated History. London: SCM, 1996.
———. “Josephus in Early Christian Literature and Medieval Christian Art.” In Schreckenberg and Schubert, Jewish Historiography.
———. “Josephus in Early Christian Texts.” In Schreckenberg and Schubert, Jewish Historiography.
Schreckenberg, Heinz, and Peter Schubert, eds. Jewish Historiography and Iconography in Early and Medieval Christianity. Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1992.
Scott, Kathleen. Later Gothic Manuscripts, 1390–1490. 2 vols. London: Harvey Miller, 1996.
Schwabl, Hans and Olivier Reverdin. Grecs et barbares. Geneva: Fondation Hardt, 1962.
Seidel, Linda. Songs of Glory: The Romanesque Façades of Aquitaine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Setlak-Garrison, Hélène Sylvie. “The Capitals of St. Lazare at Autun: Their Relationship to the Last Judgment Portal.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Los Angeles, 1984.
Seymour, M. C. Sir John Mandeville. Aldershot: Variorum, 1993.
Shachar, Isaiah. The Judensau: A Medieval Anti-Jewish Motif and Its History. London: Warburg Institute, 1974.
Siragusa, G. B. “Le Miniature che illustrano il Carmen di Pietro da Eboli nel Cod. 120 della Biblioteca di Berna.” Bulletino dell’Instituto Storico Italiano 25 (1904): 115–63.
———, ed. Liber ad Honorem Augusti di Pietro da Eboli. Rome: Forzani, 1905.
Snowden, Frank M., Jr. “Aithiopes.” In Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae 1 (1981).
———. Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Blacks. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
———. Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco- Roman Experience. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1970.
Snowden, Frank M., Jr. “Greeks and Ethiopians.” In Coleman and Walz, Greeks and Barbarians.
Soler del Campo, Alvaro. Real Armería, Palacio Real. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional, 2000.
Southern, R. W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.
Speed, Diane. “The Saracens of King Horn.” Speculum 65 (1990): 564–95.
Sprunger, David A. “Wild Folk and Lunatics in Medieval Romance.” In The Medieval World of Nature: A Book of Essays, ed. Joyce E. Salisbury. New York: Garland, 1993.
Stacey, Robert C. “The Conversion of Jews to Christianity in Thirteenth-Century England.” Speculum 67 (1992): 263–83.
———. “From Ritual Crucifixion to Host Desecration: Jews and the Body of Christ.” Jewish History 12, no. 1 (1998): 11–28.
———. “Royal Taxation and the Social Structure of Medieval Anglo-Jewry: The Tallages of 1239–1242.” Hebrew Union College Annual 56 (1985): 174–249.
Stahl, William H. Roman Science. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1962.
Stannard, Jerry. “The Theoretical Bases of Medieval Herbalism.” Medical Heritage 1 (1985): 186–98.
Stannard, Katherine E., and Richard Kay, eds. Herbs and Herbalism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.
Stephens, Walter. “‘De histora gigantum’: Theological Anthropology before Rabelais.” Traditio 40 (1984): 43–89.
———. Giants in Those Days: Folklore, Ancient History, and Nationalism. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.
Stones, Alison. Le Livre d’Images de Madame Marie: Reproduction intégrale du manuscrit nouvelles acquisitions français 16251 de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Paris: Cerf, 1997.
———. “Nipples, Entrails, Severed Heads, and Skin: Devotional Images for Madame Marie.” In Hourihane, Image and Belief.
Stow, Kenneth R. Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.
———. “Conversion, Apostasy, and Apprehensiveness: Emicho of Flonheim and the Fear of Jews in the Twelfth Century.” Speculum 76 (2001): 911–33.
———. “Hatred of Jews or Love of the Church.” In Antisemitism through the Ages, ed. Shmuel Almog. Trans. Nathan H. Reisner. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987.
———. “Papal and Royal Attitudes toward Jewish Lending in the Thirteenth Century.” AJS Review 6 (1981): 161–84.
Strakosch-Grassmann, Gustav. Der Einfall der Mongolen in Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1241 und 1242. Innsbruck: Wagner’schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1893.
Strickland, Matthew. “Provoking or Avoiding Battle? Challenge, Duel, and Single Combat in Warfare of the High Middle Ages.” In Armies, Chivalry, and Warfare in Medieval Britain and France: Proceedings of the 1995 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. Matthew Strickland. Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1998.
Sullivan, Margaret. “The Antichrist(s): A Special Problem in Picturing Otherness.” Paper presented at the College Art Association meetings, Toronto, February 1998.
Tasker, Edward G. Encyclopedia of Medieval Church Art. London: B. T. Batsford, 1993.
Temple, Elzbieta. Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts, 900–1066. London: Harvey Miller, 1976.
Thompson, John J. The Cursor Mundi: Poem, Texts, and Contexts. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, 1998.
Thorpe, Nigel. The Glory of the Page: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from Glasgow University Library. London: Harvey Miller, 1987.
Tisdall, M. W. God’s Beasts. Plymouth: Charlesforth Press, 1998.
Tondelli, Leone. “II ‘Draco Magnus et Rufus.’” In Leone Tondelli and Marjorie Reeves, LI Libro delle Figure delP Abate Giachino da Fiore, vol. 1. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Turin: Società Editrice Internazionale, 1953.
Tooley, Marian J. “Bodin and the Medieval Theory of Climate.” Speculum 28 (1953): 64–83.
Townsend, Gertrude. “A South German Tapestry.” Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 56 (1958): 5–17.
Trachtenberg, Joshua. The Devil and the Jews: The Medieval Conception of the Jews and Its Relationship to Modern Antisemitism. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1993.
Tremlett, T. D., ed. “The Matthew Paris Shields.” Aspilogia 2 (1967): 3–86.
Trexler, Richard C. The Journey of the Magi: Meanings in History of a Christian Story. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Tubach, Frederic C. Index Exemplorum: A Handbook of Medieval Religious Tales. Helsinki: Akademia Scientiarum Fennica, 1969.
Turnbull, S. R. The Mongols. London: Osprey, 1980.
Tyerman, Christopher. England and the Crusades, 1095–1588. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Tyrrell, William Blake. Amazons: A Study of Athenian Mythmaking. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.
Uebel, Michael. “Unthinking the Monster: Twelfth-Century Responses to Saracen Alterity.” In Monster Theory: Reading Culture, ed. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
Uspensky, B. A. “‘Left’ and ‘Right’ in Icon Painting.” Semiótica 13, no. 1 (1975): 33–39.
Vajda, László. “Traditionelle Konzeption und Realität in der Ethnologie.” In Festschrifi fur Ad. E. Jensen, vol. 2, ed. E. Haberland. Munich: K. Renner, 1964.
Van der Vliet, E. “L’Ethnographie de Strabon: Idéologie ou tradition?” In Strabon: Contributi allo studio della personalità e dell’opera, ed. F. Prontera. Perugia: Università degli Studi, 1984.
Visser, Derk. Apocalypse as Utopian Expectation (800–1500): The Apocalypse Commentary of Berengaudus of Ferrières and the Relationship between Exegesis, Liturgy, and Iconography. Leiden: Brill, 1996.
Voelkle, William M. “Morgan Manuscript M. 1001: The Seven Deadly Sins and the Seven Evil Ones.” In Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: Papers Presented in Honor of Edith Porada, ed. Ann E. Farkas. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1987.
Walzer, Richard. “Arabic Transmission of Greek Thought to Medieval Europe.” Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 29 (1945–46): 160–83.
Watson, A. The Early Iconography of the Tree of Jesse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934.
Wee, David L. “The Temptation of Christ and the Motif of Divine Duplicity in the Corpus Christi Cycle Drama.” Modern Philology 72 (1974): 1–16.
Wegener, Hans. Die deutschen Handschriften bis 1500. Beschreibende Verzeichnisse der Miniaturen-Handschriften der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Bd. 5. Leipzig: J. J. Weber, 1928.
Westrem, Scott D. The Hereford Map: A Transcription and Translation of the Legends with Commentary. Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.
———. “Medieval Western European Views of Sexuality Reflected in the Narratives of Travelers to the Orient.” In Homo Carnalis: The Carnal Aspect of Medieval Life, ed. Helen Rodnite Lemay. Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1990.
White, Beatrice. “Saracens and Crusaders: From Fact to Allegory.” In Medieval Literature and Civilization: Studies in Memory of G. N. Garmonsway, ed. D. A. Pearsall and R. A. Waldron. London: Athlone Press, 1969.
White, David Gordon. Myths of the Dog-Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Whitehead, D. The Ideology of the Athenian Metic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Wiedemann, T.E.J. “Barbarians in Ammianus Marcellinus.” In Past Perspectives: Studies in Greek and Roman Historical Writing, ed. I. S. Moxon, J. D. Smart, and A. J. Woodman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Williams, A. Lukyn. Adversus Judaeos: A Bird’s-Eye View of Christian Apologiae until the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1935.
Williams, David. Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996.
Williams, John. “Isidore, Orosius, and the Beatus Map.” Imago Mundi 49 (1997): 7–31.
Williamson, Paul, ed. The Medieval Treasury: The Art of the Middle Ages in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
Wisbey, R. A. “Marvels of the East in the Wiener Genesis and in Wolfram’s Parzival.” In Essays in German and Dutch Literature, ed. W. D. Robson-Scott. London: University of London, Institute of Germanic Studies, 1973.
Wittkower, Rudolf. “Marco Polo and the Pictorial Tradition of the Marvels of the East.” In Allegory and Migration of Symbols. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1977.
———. “Marvels of the East: A Study in the History of Monsters.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5 (1942): 159–97.
Wormald, Francis. The Winchester Psalter. London: Harvey Miller, 1973.
Wright, John Kirtland. The Geographical Lore of the Time of the Crusades: A Study in the History of Medieval Science and Tradition in Western Europe. New York: Dover, 1965.
Wright, Rosemary Muir. Art and Antichrist in Medieval Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.
———. “An Image Fit for a King: The Glazier Psalter Reconsidered.” Journal of Medieval History 19 (1993): 69–124.
Zajadacz-Hastenrath, Salome. “Fabelwesen.” In Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte 6 (1973): 739–815.
Zarnecki, George, Janet Holt, and Tristram Holland, eds. English Romanesque Art, 1066–1200. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1984.
Zehnacher, Michel. La Cathédrale de Strasbourg. Paris: Robert Laffont, 1993.
Ziegler, Philip. The Black Death. London: Collins, 1969.